全部博文（29）
分类： LINUX
2009-04-20 23:33:09
8 分析到此告一段落，下面进入uboot的具体移植
（1）创建自己的工作目录。在board目录下创建自己的工作目录，将smdk2410目录下的内容全部拷贝到tc2410目录下。
cd board
mkdir tc2410
cp -fr board/smdk2410 board/tc2410
cp include/configs/smdk2410.h include/configs/tc2410.h
修改tc2410目录下相关的文件名以及makefile，。在这个目录下需要添加nand_read.c文件，可以从vivi里面拷贝过来，nand_read.c文件主要实现了start.S文件中的nand_read_ll读写函数，用来将uboot拷贝到内存里去。
需要修改的地方：mv smdk2410.c tc2410.c COBJS := tc2410.o flash.o nand_read.o
修改顶层makefile，添加自己的信息：
tc2410_config
: unconfig
@$(MKCONFIG)
$(@:_config=) arm arm920t tc2410
null
s3c24x0
（2）修改start.S
禁止中断部分也要修改
#
if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
ldr
r1, =0x7ff
//根据2410芯片手册，INTSUBMSK有11位可用，
//vivi也是0x7ff，不知为什么U－Boot一直没改过来。
ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK
str
r1, [r0]
# endif
将以下U－Boot的重定向语句替换：这段relocate代码只对从norflash中启动的设备有效，因此可以去掉
#ifndef
CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT
relocate:
/* relocate U-Boot to RAM
*/
adr r0,
_start /* r0 <- current
position of code */
ldr
r1, _TEXT_BASE /* test if we run
from flash or RAM */
cmp
r0, r1
/* don't reloc during debug
*/
beq stack_setup
ldr r2, _armboot_start
ldr
r3, _bss_start
sub r2, r3,
r2 /* r2 <- size of
armboot
*/
add r2, r0, r2
/* r2 <- source end address
*/
copy_loop:
ldmia
r0!, {r3-r10} /* copy from
source address [r0] */
stmia r1!, {r3-r10}
/* copy to target address [r1] */
cmp r0, r2
/* until source end addreee [r2] */
ble copy_loop
#endif /*
CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */
替换成：
#ifdef
CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
@
reset NAND
mov r1, #NAND_CTL_BASE
ldr
r2, =0xf830
@ initial value
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
bic r2, r2,
#0x800
@ enable chip
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
mov r2, #0xff @ RESET
command
strb r2, [r1, #oNFCMD]
mov r3,
#0
@ wait
nand1:
add r3, r3, #0x1
cmp r3, #0xa
blt nand1
nand2:
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFSTAT] @
wait ready
tst r2, #0x1
beq
nand2
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
orr
r2, r2, #0x800
@ disable chip
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
@
get read to call C functions (for nand_read())
ldr
sp, DW_STACK_START @ setup stack
pointer
mov fp, #0
@ no previous frame, so fp=0
@ copy U-Boot to RAM
ldr r0, =TEXT_BASE
mov
r1, #0x0
mov r2, #0x20000
bl
nand_read_ll
这个函数在nand_read.c中实现
tst r0, #0x0
beq
ok_nand_read
bad_nand_read:
loop2: b
loop2 @
infinite loop
ok_nand_read:
@ verify
mov r0,
#0
ldr r1, =TEXT_BASE
mov r2,
#0x400 @ 4 bytes * 1024 =
4K-bytes，这句话的意思在start.S中已注释。
go_next:
ldr r3, [r0], #4
ldr r4, [r1], #4
teq r3, r4
bne notmatch
subs
r2, r2, #4
beq stack_setup
bne
go_next
notmatch:
loop3: b
loop3 @ infinite
loop
#endif @ CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
在
“ _start_armboot:
.word start_armboot ” 后加入：
.align 2
DW_STACK_START: .word
STACK_BASE+STACK_SIZE-4
start.S文件修改到此结束。
（3）在include/configs/tc2410.h头文件中添加nandflash的初始化信息，这个文件与板子密切相关，需要修改的地方也很多。
具体添加信息/*//添加的内容
//#define CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH 1
#define CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND 1
#define CFG_ENV_OFFSET 0x020000
#define CFG_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000
#define CMD_SAVEENV
#define CFG_NAND_LEGACY
#define CFG_ENV_SIZE 0x10000 /* Total Size of Environment Sector */
#define CFG_MONITOR_BASE PHYS_SDRAM_1
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
#define CFG_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000
/* NandFlash控制器在SFR区起始寄存器地址 */
#define CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE 1
/* 支持的最在Nand Flash数据 */
#define SECTORSIZE 512
/* 1页的大小 */
#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE SECTORSIZE
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK 511
/* 页掩码 */
#define ADDR_COLUMN 1
/* 一个字节的Column地址 */
#define ADDR_PAGE 3
/* 3字节的页块地址!!!!!*/
#define ADDR_COLUMN_PAGE 4
/* 总共4字节的页块地址!!!!! */
#define NAND_ChipID_UNKNOWN 0x00
/* 未知芯片的ID号 */
#define NAND_MAX_FLOORS 1
#define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1
/* Nand Flash命令层底层接口函数 */
#define WRITE_NAND_COMMAND(d, adr) {rNFCMD = d;}
#define WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS(d, adr) {rNFADDR = d;}
#define WRITE_NAND(d, adr) {rNFDATA = d;}
#define READ_NAND(adr) (rNFDATA)
#define NAND_WAIT_READY(nand) {while(!(rNFSTAT&(1<<0)));}
#define NAND_DISABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF |= (1<<11);}
#define NAND_ENABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF &= ~(1<<11);}
/* the following functions are NOP's because S3C24X0 handles this in hardware 一定要加上 */
#define NAND_CTL_CLRALE(nandptr)
#define NAND_CTL_SETALE(nandptr)
#define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE(nandptr)
#define NAND_CTL_SETCLE(nandptr)
/* 允许Nand Flash写校验 */
#define CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE 1
//添加的内容
/*
* Nandflash Boot
*/
#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1
#define STACK_BASE 0x33f00000
#define STACK_SIZE 0x8000
#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE 0x33f80000
/* NAND Flash Controller */
#define NAND_CTL_BASE 0x4E000000
#define bINT_CTL(Nb) __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))
/* Offset */
#define oNFCONF 0x00
#define oNFCMD 0x04
#define oNFADDR 0x08
#define oNFDATA 0x0c
#define oNFSTAT 0x10
#define oNFECC 0x14
#define rNFCONF (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000000)
#define rNFCMD (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000004)
#define rNFADDR (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000008)
#define rNFDATA (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e00000c)
#define rNFSTAT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000010)
#define rNFECC (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000014)
#define rNFECC0 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000014)
#define rNFECC1 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000015)
#define rNFECC2 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000016)
#endif /* CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND*/
#endif /*__CONFIG_H*/
（4）我使用的是勤研开发板，在vivi里面并没有找到关于内存区配置的信息。lowlevel.init文件不知道如何修改。看见网上很多人说根据开发板的内存区情况配置，我找了半天没找到，郁闷至极。。。不过没有影响我成功移植，:-)
（5）在include/linux/mtd/nand_ids.h的结构体nand_flash_ids加入nandflash的具体信息。
static struct nand_flash_dev nand_flash_ids[] = {
......
{"Samsung KM29N16000",NAND_MFR_SAMSUNG, 0x64, 21, 1, 2,
0x1000, 0},
{"Samsung K9F1208U0B", NAND_MFR_SAMSUNG, 0x76, 26, 0,
3, 0x4000, 0},
{"Samsung unknown 4Mb", NAND_MFR_SAMSUNG, 0x6b, 22, 0, 2,
0x2000, 0},
......
{NULL,}
};
（6）修改/lib_arm中的board.c。
static
int display_banner (void)
{
printf ("\n\n%s\n\n", version_string);
debug ("U-Boot code: %08lX -> %08lX BSS: ->
%08lX\n",
_armboot_start, _bss_start,
_bss_end);
printf
("U-Boot code: %08lX -> %08lX BSS: ->
%08lX\n",输出_armboot_start地址信息
_armboot_start, _bss_start, _bss_end);
#ifdef
CONFIG_MODEM_SUPPORT
debug ("Modem Support enabled\n");
#endif
#ifdef
CONFIG_USE_IRQ
debug ("IRQ Stack: %08lx\n", IRQ_STACK_START);
debug ("FIQ Stack: %08lx\n", FIQ_STACK_START);
#endif
return (0);
}
（7）修改common/env_nand.c，具体nandflash的擦写需要使用nand_legacy_erase等函数实现，而不是nand-erase（）函数
......
#ifdef
CONFIG_INFERNO
#error CONFIG_INFERNO not supported yet
#endif
int
nand_legacy_rw (struct nand_chip* nand, int cmd,
size_t start, size_t len,
size_t * retlen, u_char * buf);
extern
struct nand_chip nand_dev_desc[CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE];
extern int
nand_legacy_erase(struct nand_chip *nand, size_t ofs, size_t len, int
clean);
/*
info for NAND chips, defined in drivers/nand/nand.c */
extern
nand_info_t nand_info[CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE];
......
#else
/* ! CFG_ENV_OFFSET_REDUND */
int
saveenv(void)
{
ulong total;
int ret = 0;
puts ("Erasing
Nand...");
//if (nand_erase(&nand_info[0], CFG_ENV_OFFSET,
CFG_ENV_SIZE))
if (nand_legacy_erase(nand_dev_desc + 0,
CFG_ENV_OFFSET, CFG_ENV_SIZE, 0))
return 1;
puts
("Writing to Nand... ");
total =
CFG_ENV_SIZE;
//ret = nand_write(&nand_info[0], CFG_ENV_OFFSET, &total,
(u_char*)env_ptr);
ret = nand_legacy_rw(nand_dev_desc + 0,
0x00 | 0x02, CFG_ENV_OFFSET, CFG_ENV_SIZE,
&total, (u_char*)env_ptr);
if (ret || total != CFG_ENV_SIZE)
return 1;
puts ("done\n");
return ret;
......
#else /* ! CFG_ENV_OFFSET_REDUND */
/*
*
The legacy NAND code saved the environment in the first NAND device
i.e.,
* nand_dev_desc + 0. This is also the behaviour using
the new NAND code.
*/
void env_relocate_spec (void)
{
#if
!defined(ENV_IS_EMBEDDED)
ulong total;
int ret;
total = CFG_ENV_SIZE;
//ret = nand_read(&nand_info[0], CFG_ENV_OFFSET, &total,
(u_char*)env_ptr);
ret =
nand_legacy_rw(nand_dev_desc + 0, 0x01 | 0x02, CFG_ENV_OFFSET,
CFG_ENV_SIZE, &total, (u_char*)env_ptr);
（8）在/board/tc2410/tc2410.c文件的末尾添加对Nand Flash 的初始化函数（在后面Nand Flash的操作都要用到）
u-boot运行至第二阶段进入start_armboot()函数。其中nand_init()函数是对nand flash的最初初始化函数。Nand_init()函数在两个文件中实现。其调用与CFG_NAND_LEGACY宏有关，如果没有定义这个宏，系统调用 drivers/nnd/nand.c中的nand_init()；否则调用board/smdk2410/smdk2410.c中的nand_init()函数。这里我选择第二种方式。
#if
(CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
typedef enum
{
NFCE_LOW,
NFCE_HIGH
} NFCE_STATE;
static
inline void NF_Conf(u16 conf)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand =
S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
nand->NFCONF
= conf;
}
static
inline void NF_Cmd(u8 cmd)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand =
S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
nand->NFCMD
= cmd;
}
static
inline void NF_CmdW(u8 cmd)
{
NF_Cmd(cmd);
udelay(1);
}
static
inline void NF_Addr(u8 addr)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand =
S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
nand->NFADDR
= addr;
}
static
inline void NF_SetCE(NFCE_STATE s)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand
= S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
switch
(s) {
case NFCE_LOW:
nand->NFCONF &= ~(1<<11);
break;
case
NFCE_HIGH:
nand->NFCONF |= (1<<11);
break;
}
}
static
inline void NF_WaitRB(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand =
S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
while
(!(nand->NFSTAT & (1<<0)));
}
static
inline void NF_Write(u8 data)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand =
S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
nand->NFDATA
= data;
}
static
inline u8 NF_Read(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand =
S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
return(nand->NFDATA);
}
static
inline void NF_Init_ECC(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand =
S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
nand->NFCONF
|= (1<<12);
}
static
inline u32 NF_Read_ECC(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand =
S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
return(nand->NFECC);
}
#endif
/*
*
NAND flash initialization.
*/
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS &
CFG_CMD_NAND)
extern ulong nand_probe(ulong physadr);
static
inline void NF_Reset(void)
{
int i;
NF_SetCE(NFCE_LOW);
NF_Cmd(0xFF);
/* reset command */
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++); /* tWB = 100ns.
*/
NF_WaitRB(); /* wait 200~500us; */
NF_SetCE(NFCE_HIGH);
}
static
inline void NF_Init(void)
{
#if 0 /* a little bit too
optimistic */
#define TACLS 0
#define TWRPH0 3
#define
TWRPH1 0
#else
#define TACLS 0
#define TWRPH0 4
#define
TWRPH1 2
#endif
NF_Conf((1<<15)|(0<<14)|(0<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0));
/*nand->NFCONF
=
(1<<15)|(1<<14)|(1<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0);
*/
/* 1 1 1 1, 1 xxx, r xxx, r xxx */
/* En 512B 4step ECCR
nFCE=H tACLS tWRPH0 tWRPH1 */
NF_Reset();
}
void
nand_init(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND
* const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
NF_Init();
#ifdef
DEBUG
printf("NAND flash probing at 0x%.8lX\n",
(ulong)nand);
#endif
printf ("%4lu MB\n",
nand_probe((ulong)nand) >> 20);
}
#endif
（9）移植的大部分问题是解决了，但是将Uboot烧进去后，可能还是会碰到问题。<
a 比如你如果没打开tc2410.h文件中的CFG_CMD_PING选项，使用ping 192.168.1.X命令时，可能ping不通。
b 不能保存环境变量，
Nand flash saveenv命令实现的函数 common/env_nand.c主要由以下几个宏决定：
CFG_CMD_ENV
CFG_CMD_NAND
CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND ---> 此宏决定调用 common/env_nand.c中的saveenv()函数，
如果定义CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH宏，则调用 common/env_flash.c中的saveenv()函数
CFG_ENV_OFFSET 0X20000
#define CFG_NAND_BASE 0X4E000000
#define CMD_SAVEENV
#define CFG_NAND_LEGACY
#define CFG_ENV_SIZE 0x10000 //64kB
这些也是要在tc2410.h中添加的信息。
c
tftp下载时出现TTTTTTTTTT然后超时的提示信息。我被这个问题困扰了很长时间，我也按照<
bootm, CFG_MAXARGS, 1, do_bootm,
"bootm - boot application image from memory\n",
"[addr [arg ...]]\n - boot application image stored in memory\n"
"\tpassing arguments 'arg ...'; when booting a Linux kernel,\n"
"\t'arg' can be the address of an initrd image\n"
/*#ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLAT_TREE
"\tWhen booting a Linux kernel which requires a flat device-tree\n"
"\ta third argument is required which is the address of the
"\tdevice-tree blob. To boot that kernel without an initrd image,\
"\tuse a '-' for the second argument. If you do not pass a third\
"\ta bd_info struct will be passed instead\n"
endif */
Ifdef注释掉以后，然后再将config.mk中的Os和O2都改做O.
终端再输入：make distclean
make tc2410_config
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
生成了uboot镜像，共110.4K。烧到板子里去后，使用tftp下载内核，搞定！！！终于把uboot搞定了，断断续续的大概花了1个多月的时间，参考了网上众多高手的心得以及很多不错的资料，总算勉强的弄出来Uboot了，但还是有很多问题没有弄清楚呵呵，不过还是挺有成就感的。
疑问：
1 可以在include/configs/smdk2410.h中添加nandflash的宏定义
2 board.c里面的start_armboot()函数需要调用nand_init，即nandflash的初始化。在drive/nand/nand.c中有这样一段代码
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND) && !defined(CFG_NAND_LEGACY)
意思就是 如果没有定义CFG_NAND_LEGACY那么则调用nand.c文件中的nand_init（）函数。这个是默认的初始化函数。但还有个board_nand_init()函数没有实现。为了安全起见，我们可以定义CFG_NAND_LEGACY，从而可以调用board/smdk2410/smdk2410.c中的nand_init()函数.这样我们需要在smdk2410.c中添加这个初始化函数。在nand_legacy.c中添加这个nand_init()与在smdk2410.c中添加有什么区别？？
board/smdk2410/smdk2410.c文件里只有board_init(),dram_init()函数，没有nand_init()函数。那这个函数去哪里实现。
3 nand_read_ll用来将代码拷贝到RAM中去，这个函数可以从vivi中拷贝过来。
