2.2 实验1：模式切换、上下文帮助及查看有关信息
本实验进行器IOS软件的基本操作，包括在各种CLI模式之间切换，使用上下文帮助，查验IOS版本信息，以及查看路由器基本组件信息。
1.实验目的
通过本实验，读者可以掌握以下技能:
在用户执行模式、特权执行模式和配置模式之间切换;
查看各种模式下命令的区别;
熟悉上下文关联帮助的使用;
查看IOS版本信息;
查看路由器各基本组件信息。
2.设备需求
本实验需要以下设备:
路由器1台，型号不限;
PC机1台，操作系统为系列;
Console电缆1条及相应的接口转换器。
3.线缆连接及配置说明
如图2-1所示，PC机通过串口与路由器的console端口直接相连。
4.实验配置及监测结果
实验环境准备就绪后，开启PC机和路由器的电源，开始进行实验。
用PC机系统中的超级终端程序访问路由器，监测清单2.1记录了整个操作过程。
监测清单2-1实验1的操作与命令说明
Router> (用户执行模式）
Router>enable (进入特权执行模式)
Routed (特权执行模式提示符)
Router#conf t (向全局配置模式切换)
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# (全局配置模式提示符)
Router(config)#interface ethernet 0 (进入interface配置模式)
Router(config-if)# ( interface配置模式提示符)
Router(config-if)#? (查看interface配置模式下的所有配置命令)
Interface configuration commands:
access-expression Build a bridge boolean access expression
appletalk Appletalk interface subcommands
arp Set arp type (arpa, probe, snap) or timeout
backup Modify backup parameters
bandwidth Set bandwidth informational parameter
bridge-group Transparent bridging interface parameters
carrier-delay Specify delay for interface transitions
cdp CDP interface subcommands
cmns OSI CMNS
... (此处省略)
standby Hot standby interface subcommands
timeout Define timeout values for this interface
traffic-shape Enable Traffic Shaping on an Interface or Sub-Interface
transmit-interface Assign a transmit interface to a receive-only interface
tx-ring-limit Configure PA level transmit ring limit
Router(config-if)#ip add? (使用“？”查看以add开头的命令)
address
Router(config-if)#ip address? (使用“？”查看ip address后面的命令)
A.B.C.D IP address
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 ?
A.B.C.D IP subnet mask
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ?
secondary Make this IP address a secondary address
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit (退出interface配置模式，进入全局配置模式)
Router(config)#? (查看全局配置模式下的所有配置命令)
configure commands:
aaa Authentication, Authorization and Accounting.
access-list Add an access list entry
alias Create command alias
appletalk Appletalk global configuration commands
arap Appletalk Remote Access Protocol
arp Set a static ARP entry
async-bootp Modify system bootp parameters
... (此处省略)
tftp-server Provide TFTP service for netload requests
time-range Define time range entries
usemame Establish User Name Authentication
virtual-profile Virtual Profile configuration
x25 X.25 Level 3
x29 X29 commands
Router(config)#exit (退出配置模式，进入特权执行模式)
Router#? (查看特权执行模式下所有的命令)
Exec commands:
access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry
access-profile Apply user-profile to interface
access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry
archive manage archive files
bfe For manual emergency modes setting
cd Change current directory
clear Reset functions
... (此处省略)
telnet Open a telnet connection
terminal Set terminal line parameters
test Test subsystems, memory, and interfaces
traceroute Trace route to destination
tunnel Open a tunnel connection
udptn Open an udptn connection
undebug Disable debugging functions (see also 'debug')
verify Verify a file
where List active connections
write Write running configuration to memory, network, or terminal
x28 Become an X.28 PAD
x3 Set X.3 parameters on PAD
Router#disable (退出特权执行模式，进入用户执行模式)
Router>? (查看用户执行模式下的所有命令)
Exec commands:
access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry
access-profile Apply user-profile to interface
... (此处省略)
udptn Open an udptn connection
where List active connections
x28 Become an X.28 PAD
x3 Set X.3 parameters on PAD
Router>show version (查看路由器的版本信息和组件信息)
Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS(tm)2500 Software(C2500-D-L),Version 12.1(8a),RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1) IOS版本信息
Copyright (c) 1986-2001 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Wed 23-May-01 01:20 by yiyan
Image text-base: 0x0000144C, data-base: 0x00843EA8
ROM:System Bootstrap. Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE ( ROM 版本信息)
BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), Version 10.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fcl)
Router uptime is 56 minutes (本路由器的开机时间)
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is "flash:c2500-d4.121-8a.mz" ( Flash中的IOS映像文件名)
cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision L) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory. (处理器信息)
Processor board ID 03215594, with hardware revision 00000000
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
2Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 mterface(s) (路由器物理接口)
2Serial network interface(s) (路由器物理接口)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. ( NVRAM, 大小为32K )
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) (Flash, 8192K)
Configuration register is 0x2102 (配置寄存器值)
Router>show flash (查看Flash具体信息)
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 4289602 c2500-d-1.121-8a.mz
[4289668 bytes used, 4098940 available, 8388608 total] ( Flash的已用空间、可用空间和总空间)
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) ( Flash的容量及状态)
Router>
上面我们用比较长的篇幅记录了路由器的模式切换、帮助使用、组件查看等操作，并对所发命令及显示结果进行了相应的说明，同时我们还看到了大量的有用信息。
【责编:admin】
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