Nginx配置文件非常重要，很多实用的功能都需要在此文件进行配置后，方可使用。此文件路径为/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.以下是其内容的详细说明，有网上转载的内容，有的是我自己实际应用时添加的内容。
一、基本配置
#运行用户
user www www;
#启动进程
worker_processes 1;
#全局错误日志及PID文档
error_log /web/www/logs/error.log notice;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
#工作模式及连接数上限
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
#设定http服务器，利用他的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http {
#设定mime类型
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#设定日志格式
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]'
'"$request" $status $bytes_sent '
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
'"$gzip_ratio"';
log_format download '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
'"$request" $status $bytes_sent '
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
'"$http_range" "$sent_http_content_range"';
#设定请求缓冲
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
#开启gzip模块
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1100;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_types text/plain;
output_buffers 1 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
#设定access log
access_log logs/access.log main;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#设定服务器支持shtml
ssi on;
ssi_silent_errors on;
ssi_types text/shtml;
#设定负载均衡的服务器列表
upstream mysvr {
#weigth参数表示权值，权值越高被分配到的几率越大
#本机上的Squid开启3128端口
server 192.168.8.1:3128 weight=5;
server 192.168.8.2:80 weight=1;
server 192.168.8.3:80 weight=6;
}
#设定虚拟主机
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.8.1 ;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /web/www;
charset gb2312;
#设定本虚拟主机的访问日志
access_log logs/ main;
#假如访问 /img/*, /js/*, /css/* 资源，则直接取本地文档，不通过squid
#假如这些文档较多，不推荐这种方式，因为通过squid的缓存效果更好
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
#假如这些文档较多，不推荐这种方式，因为通过squid的缓存效果更好
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
#设置主机开启SSI支持shtml
location ~ .*\.(shtml)?$ {
ssi on;
ssi_silent_errors on;
ssi_types text/shtml;
}
#对 "/" 启用负载均衡
location / {
proxy_pass
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
}
#设定查看Nginx状态的地址
location /NginxStatus {
stub_status on;
access_log on;
auth_basic "NginxStatus";
}
}
}
二、高级配置
1、查看 Nginx 运行状态
输入地址，输入验证帐号密码，即可看到类似如下内容：
|
Active connections: 328
server accepts handled requests
9309 8982 28890
Reading: 1 Writing: 3 Waiting: 324
第一行表示现在活跃的连接数
第三行的第三个数字表示Nginx运行到
|
2、配置虚拟主机
在http下添加server来增加虚拟主机，代码如下
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server
{
listen 80;
server_name host1.com;
root /myserver/host1;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name host2.com;
root /myserver/host2;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
}
|
3、配置Nginx虚拟主机(防盗链及expires设置)
|
server
{
listen 80;
server_name bbs.linuxtone.org
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /data/www/wwwroot/lt/bbs;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/access_bbs.redocn.com.log combined;
location / {
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ /archiver/index.php?$1 last;
rewrite ^/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page%3D$3&page=$2
last;
rewrite ^/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ /space.php?$1=$2 last;
rewrite ^/tag-(.+)\.html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last;
break;
}
}
#Preventing hot linking of images and other file types
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip)$ {
valid_referers none blocked server_names *.linuxtone.org http://localhost;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://bbs.linuxtone.org/images/default/logo.gif;
return 403;
}
}
# Add expires header for static content
location ~* \.(js|css|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {
if (-f $request_filename) {
root /data/www/wwwroot/lt/bbs;
expires 1d;
break;
}
}
#support php
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
include enable_php5.conf;
}
}
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4、Nginx搭建下载站点限制并发数和速率
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vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/down.redocn.com.conf
limit_zone one $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name down.redocn.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/www/wwwroot/down;
error_page 404 /index.php;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
#Zone limit
location / {
limit_conn one 1;
limit_rate 20k;
}
# serve static files
location ~ ^/(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|static)/ {
root /data/www/wwwroot/down;
expires 30d;
}
}
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5、如何实现Nginx身份验证
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mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd #创建存放密码的目录
/usr/local/apache2/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd/tongji admin
server
{
location ~ ^/(tongji)/ {
root /data/www/wwwroot/count;
auth_basic "LT-COUNT-TongJi";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd/tongji;
}
}
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6、如何实现Nginx目录列表
在相关虚拟主机配置文件加入如下设置即可
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location / {
autoindex on;
}
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7、修改Nginx的header伪装服务器
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cd nginx-0.6.31/src/core
#define NGINX_VERSION "1.2"
#define NGINX_VER "LTWS/" NGINX_VERSION
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重新编译nginx即可，查看一下效果:
[root@count ~]# curl -I
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: LTWS/1.2
Date: Mon, 23 Jun 2008 06:11:17 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=gb2312
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Set-Cookie: lt__sid=cJN2FT; expires=Mon, 30-Jun-2008 06:11:17 GMT; path=/
Set-Cookie: lt__onlineusernum=228; expires=Mon, 23-Jun-2008 06:16:17 GMT; path=/
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三、参考文献
1、
2、LEMP构建高性能WEB服务器（第二版）
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