C++ at Work: Disabling Print Screen, Calling Derived Destructors, and More -- MSDN Magazine, Novembe

?vdtor.cpp

// To compile:
//
//    cl /clr vdtor.cpp
//
#include 
#include 

#using 
using namespace System;

//////////////////
// Managed base class.
//
public __gc class CBase {
public:
   CBase()
   {
      printf("ctor: CBase\n");
   }

   // virtual keyword unnecessary for managed class because CBase is
   // implicitly derived from Object and the dtor is converted to a 
   // Finalize method, which is virtual.

   /*virtual*/ ~CBase()
   {
      printf("dtor: CBase\n");
   }
};

//////////////////
// Managed derived class.
//
public __gc class CDerived : public CBase {
public:
   CDerived()
   {
      printf("ctor: CDerived\n");
   }
   ~CDerived()
   {
      printf("dtor: CDerived\n");
   }
};

//////////////////
// Program entry point.
//
int _tmain()
{
   // Create object: note pointer is declared as CBase* but actually 
   // points to instance of derived class.
   CBase* pBase = new CDerived();

   // Explicitly delete to see which dtor is called...?
   delete pBase;

   return 0;
}

---

?IL for Finalize Method

.method family virtual instance void  Finalize() cil managed {
  // Code size       18 (0x12)
  .maxstack  1
  IL_0000:  ldsflda    valuetype $ArrayType$0x6e2836de modopt([Microsoft.VisualC]Microsoft.VisualC.IsConstModifier) ??_C@_0BA@PPNICPAI@dtor?3?5CDerived?6?$AA@
  IL_0005:  call       vararg int32 modopt([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvCdecl) printf(int8 modopt([Microsoft.VisualC]Microsoft.VisualC.NoSignSpecifiedModifier) modopt([Microsoft.VisualC]Microsoft.VisualC.IsConstModifier)*)
  IL_000a:  pop
  IL_000b:  ldarg.0
  IL_000c:  call       instance void CBase::Finalize()
  IL_0011:  ret
} // end of method CDerived::Finalize

---

?Integral Types

CLR Class	Description	CLS-Compliant	Visual Basic	C#	C++
Int16	A 16-bit signed integer.	Yes	Short	short	short
Int32	A 32-bit signed integer.	Yes	Integer	int	int , long
Int64	A 64-bit signed integer.	Yes	Long	long	__int64
UInt16	A 16-bit unsigned integer.	No	UInt16. No built-in type.	ushort	unsigned short
UInt32	A 32-bit unsigned integer.	No	UInt32. No built-in type.	uint	unsigned int,unsigned long
UInt64	A 64-bit unsigned integer.	No	UInt64. No built-in type.	ulong	unsigned __int64
IntPtr	A signed integer whose size depends on the underlying platform (a 32-bit value on a 32-bit platform and a 64-bit value on a 64-bit platform).	Yes	IntPtr. No built-in type.	IntPtr. No built-in type.	IntPtr. No built-in type.
UIntPtr	An unsigned integer whose size depends on the underlying platform (a 32- bit value on a 32-bit platform and a 64-bit value on a 64-bit platform).	No	UIntPtr. No built-in type.	UIntPtr. No built-in type.	UIntPtr. No built-in type.

---

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