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Android Service练习（下）

分类： 嵌入式

2011-03-11 13:45:57

   继续接上文。点击主界面上的“bind启动Service”后，进入第二个副界面。第二个副界面我使用ListView来实现和用户的交互，并且能实时获取服务中提供的数值将其显示在界面上。该界面的布局文件为bind.xml其内容如下：
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <LinearLayout
  3.   xmlns:android=""
  4.   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  5.   android:layout_height="fill_parent">
  6.   <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout02"
  7.      android:paddingTop="21.0px"
  8.      android:paddingBottom="10.0px"
  9.      android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  10.      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  11.      android:layout_marginLeft="15.0px"
  12.      android:layout_marginTop="62.0px"
  13.      android:layout_marginRight="15.0px">
  14.      <ListView android:id="@+id/listView1"
  15.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  16.         android:layout_width="fill_parent">
  17.      </ListView>
  18.      <TextView android:id="@+id/bindtext"
  19.         android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  20.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  21.         android:layout_below="@+id/listView1"
  22.         android:gravity="center"
  23.      />
  24.   </RelativeLayout>
  25. </LinearLayout>
           在这里我使用了RelativeLayout布局，因为如果还用LinerLayout布局的话就不能正常显示TextView了。界面的类我命名为bindStart.java，在这里碰到了难题，就是如何更新显示的内容。我的想法就是使用一个线程，每一秒中从Service那里获取数字并显示出来。但是系统却频频报错。向别人提问后才知道对于Activity界面的更新只有主线程才可以，别的线程一律不允许碰。那么要告诉主线程更新显示怎么办呢？这就要用到Handler类，Handler类可以说是用来实现线程间的通信。通过一个线程获取数据并发信息给主线程，主线程收到信息后按要求更新显示的内容。类的内容为：
  1. package com.test;

  3. import android.app.Activity;
  4. import android.content.ComponentName;
  5. import android.content.Context;
  6. import android.content.Intent;
  7. import android.content.ServiceConnection;
  8. import android.os.Bundle;
  9. import android.os.Handler;
  10. import android.os.IBinder;
  11. import android.os.Message;
  12. import android.util.Log;
  13. import android.view.View;
  14. import android.widget.AdapterView;
  15. import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
  16. import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
  17. import android.widget.ListView;
  18. import android.widget.TextView;
  19. import android.widget.Toast;

  21. public class bindStart extends Activity {
  22.     private final static String TAG="bindStart";
  23.     ListView listView;
  24.     TextView textView;
  25.     ArrayAdapter adapter;
  26.     bindService bindservice;
  27.     int num;
  28.     int act;
  29.     //更新显示用的线程
  30.     fresh freshtext;

  32.     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
  33.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  34.         setContentView(R.layout.bind);
  35.         listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.listView1);
  36.         textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.bindtext);
  37.         textView.setText(num+"");
  38.         //设定list的背景色，否则显示不出来
  39.         int mycolor=getResources().getColor(R.color.bachgroud);
  40.         listView.setBackgroundColor(mycolor);
  41.         //获得显示的内容
  42.         adapter=ArrayAdapter.createFromResource(this.getApplicationContext(), R.array.actions,
  43.                 android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
  44.         listView.setAdapter(adapter);
  45.         freshtext=new fresh();
  46.         //开始bind
  47.         Log.d(TAG, "connecting.....");
  48.         Intent intent = new Intent("com.test.bindService");
  49.         bindService(intent, sc, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
  50.         //对list添加点击事件响应
  51.         listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener(){
  52.             @Override
  53.             public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
  54.                 switch(position){
  55.                     case 0:
  56.                         Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "啥也不做", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  57.                         break;
  58.                     case 1:
  59.                         act=1;
  60.                         start(act);
  61.                         Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "启动服务", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  62.                         break;
  63.                     case 2:
  64.                         act=2;
  65.                         start(act);
  66.                         Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "暂停服务", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  67.                         break;
  68.                     case 3:
  69.                         act=3;
  70.                         start(act);
  71.                         stop();
  72.                         break;
  73.                 }
  74.             }
  75.         });
  76.     }

  78.     private void start(int act) {
  79.        Intent intent=new Intent("com.test.bindService");
  80.        Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
  81.        bundle.putInt("act", act);
  82.        intent.putExtras(bundle);
  83.        startService(intent);
  84.        Log.v("start","startbindservice");
  85.        //如果当前有更新线程在运行，首先结束它
  86.        if(freshtext.running){
  87.            freshtext.running=false;
  88.        }
  89.        //重新启动更新线程
  90.        freshtext=new fresh();
  91.        freshtext.running=true;
  92.        new Thread(freshtext).start();
  93.     }
  94.     public void stop() {
  95.         if(freshtext.running){
  96.             freshtext.running=false;
  97.         }
  98.         this.unbindService(sc);
  99.         this.finish();
  100.     }

  102.     class fresh implements Runnable{
  103.         Boolean running=false;
  104.         @Override
  105.         public void run() {
  106.             while(running){
  107.                 try {
  108.                     Thread.sleep(1000);
  109.                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  110.                     e.printStackTrace();
  111.                 }
  112.                 //获取服务中产生的数字
  113.                 num =bindservice.get();
  114.                 //通过handler发消息给主线程，更新显示的内容
  115.                 Message msg=new Message();
  116.                 msg.what=1;
  117.                 h.sendMessage(msg);
  118.                 Log.d(TAG,"num is :"+num);
  119.             }

  121.         }

  123.     }

  125.     ServiceConnection sc=new ServiceConnection(){
  126.         @Override
  127.         public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
  128.             bindservice=((bindService.myBinder)service).getService();
  129.             Log.d(TAG, "in onServiceConnected");
  130.         }
  131.         @Override
  132.         public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
  133.             bindservice=null;
  134.         }

  136.     };
  137.    /*
  138.     * 主线程处理收到的信息
  139.     */
  140.     Handler h=new Handler(){
  141.         public void handleMessage(Message msg){
  142.             Log.d(TAG,"msg is "+msg.toString());
  143.             switch(msg.what){
  144.                 case 1:
  145.                 textView.setText(num+"");
  146.                 break;
  147.             }
  148.         }
  149.     };
  150.    }
      接下来当然是服务类了，没有什么特别之处，还是每秒钟对变量加一。
  1. package com.test;

  3. import android.app.Service;
  4. import android.content.Intent;
  5. import android.os.Binder;
  6. import android.os.Bundle;
  7. import android.os.IBinder;
  8. import android.util.Log;

  10. public class bindService extends Service {

  12.     private final static String TAG="bindService";
  13.     private IBinder binder=new myBinder();
  14.     private int n=0;
  15.     private count thread;
  16.     @Override
  17.     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
  18.         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  19.         return binder;
  20.     }

  22.     public class myBinder extends Binder{

  24.         public bindService getService(){
  25.             return bindService.this;
  26.         }
  27.     }

  29.     public int get(){
  30.         return n;
  31.     }

  33.     public void onCreate(){
  34.         super.onCreate();
  35.         Log.d(TAG,"onCreate");
  36.         thread=new count();
  37.     }

  39.     public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId){
  40.         Log.d(TAG,"onstart");
  41.         if(intent!=null){
  42.             Bundle budle=intent.getExtras();
  43.             int act=budle.getInt("act");
  44.             switch(act){
  45.                 case 1:
  46.                     start();
  47.                     break;
  48.                 case 2:
  49.                     stop();
  50.                     break;
    51.                  case 3:
                        finsish();

                }
            }
        }

        private void finsish() {
            thread.setPause(true);
            stopSelf();

        }

  52.     class count extends Thread{
  53.         private boolean pause=false;
  54.         public void setPause(boolean tof){
  55.             pause=tof;
  56.         }
  57.         public boolean getPauseStatues(){
  58.             return pause;
  59.         }

  61.         public void run(){
  62.             while(!pause){
  63.                 try {
  64.                     Thread.sleep(1000);
  65.                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  66.                     e.printStackTrace();
  67.                 }
  68.                 n++;
  69.                 Log.d(TAG,"n is:"+n);
  70.             }
  71.         }
  72.     }

  74.     private void stop() {
  75.         thread.setPause(true);
  76.     }

  78.     private void start() {
  79.         stop();
  80.       if(thread.getPauseStatues()==true){
  81.           thread=new count();
  82.           thread.setPause(false);
  83.       }
  84.        thread.start();
  85.        Log.d(TAG,String.valueOf(thread.getPauseStatues()));
  86.     }
  87. }
        该界面的显示如下图所示：最下面的数字每秒钟会更新一次。



       最后就是远程Service了，使用了AIDL接口实现Activity和Service之间的通信，在这个界面中我使用单选按钮来和用户就行交互。布局文件为remote.xml
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <LinearLayout
  3.   xmlns:android=""
  4.   android:orientation="vertical"
  5.   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  6.   android:layout_height="fill_parent">
  7.     <RadioGroup
  8.         android:id="@+id/radioGroup1"
  9.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  10.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  11.         android:gravity="center">
  12.         <RadioButton
  13.              android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  14.              android:id="@+id/radio0"
  15.              android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  16.              android:text="@string/do_nothing"
  17.              android:checked="true">
  18.         </RadioButton>
  19.         <RadioButton
  20.             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  21.             android:id="@+id/radio1"
  22.             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  23.             android:text="@string/start">
  24.         </RadioButton>
  25.         <RadioButton
  26.             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  27.             android:id="@+id/radio2"
  28.             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  29.             android:text="@string/pause">
  30.         </RadioButton>
  31.         <RadioButton
  32.             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  33.             android:id="@+id/radio3"
  34.             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  35.             android:text="@string/stop">
  36.         </RadioButton>
  37.     </RadioGroup>
  38.     <TextView
  39.         android:id="@+id/radioText"
  40.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  41.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  42.         android:gravity="center">
  43.     </TextView>
  44. </LinearLayout>


        既然使用到了AIDL当然要创建AIDL文件了，AIDL文件命名为IremoteService.aidl
  1. package com.test;
  2. interface IremoteService{
  3. String getTime();

  5. void stop();
  6. }
      下面是界面的代码，在里面同样通过一个线程发消息给主线程，实时更新显示的内容，这次显示的内容为系统时间，由Service端负责获取时间，文件命名为remoteStart.java
  1. package com.test;

  3. import android.app.Activity;
  4. import android.content.ComponentName;
  5. import android.content.Context;
  6. import android.content.Intent;
  7. import android.content.ServiceConnection;
  8. import android.os.Bundle;
  9. import android.os.Handler;
  10. import android.os.IBinder;
  11. import android.os.Message;
  12. import android.os.RemoteException;
  13. import android.util.Log;
  14. import android.widget.RadioButton;
  15. import android.widget.RadioGroup;
  16. import android.widget.TextView;
  17. import android.widget.Toast;

  19. public class remoteStart extends Activity {
  20.     private String TAG="remoteStart";
  21.     private RadioGroup radiogroup;
  22.     private RadioButton donothing;
  23.     private RadioButton start;
  24.     private RadioButton pause;
  25.     private RadioButton stop;
  26.     private TextView text;
  27.     private boolean status=true;
  28.     private IremoteService remoteservice;
  29.     private String time;
  30.     private getTimeThread gettimethread;

  32.     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
  33.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  34.         setContentView(R.layout.remote);
  35.         radiogroup=(RadioGroup)findViewById(R.id.radioGroup1);
  36.         donothing=(RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.radio0);
  37.         start=(RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.radio1);
  38.         pause=(RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.radio2);
  39.         stop=(RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.radio3);
  40.         text=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.radioText);
  41.         //初始化更新时间的线程
  42.         gettimethread=new getTimeThread();
  43.         radiogroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {

  45.             @Override
  46.             public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
  47.                 if(start.getId()==checkedId){
  48.                     if(!status){
  49.                         //如果点击过暂停服务，则重新启动更新时间线程
  50.                         gettimethread=new getTimeThread();
  51.                         status=true;
  52.                     }
  53.                     new Thread(gettimethread).start();
  54.                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"启动服务" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  55.                 }
  56.                 else if(pause.getId()==checkedId){
  57.                     status=false;
  58.                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"暂停服务" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  59.                 }
  60.                 else if(stop.getId()==checkedId){
  61.                   stopactivity();

  63.                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"停止服务" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  64.                 }
  65.                 else{
  66.                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"啥也不做" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  67.                 }
  68.             }
  69.         });

  71.         Log.d(TAG,"connecting");
  72.         Intent intent=new Intent("com.test.remoteService");
  73.         bindService(intent,sc,Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

  75.     }

  77.     /*
  78.      * 该线程负责从服务端获取时间，并更新显示
  79.      */
  80.    class getTimeThread implements Runnable{
  81.         public void run(){
  82.             while(status){
  83.                 try {
  84.                     time=remoteservice.getTime();
  85.                     Log.d(TAG,time);
  86.                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
  87.                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
  88.                     e.printStackTrace();
  89.                 }
  90.                 Message msg=new Message();
  91.                 msg.what=1;
  92.                 h.sendMessage(msg);
  93.                 try {
  94.                     //每秒更新一次
  95.                     Thread.sleep(1000);
  96.                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  97.                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
  98.                     e.printStackTrace();
  99.                 }
  100.             }
  101.         }
  102.     };
  103.     /*
  104.      * 负责接受信息，并根据信息更新显示的时间
  105.      */
  106.     Handler h=new Handler(){
  107.         public void handleMessage(Message msg){
  108.             Log.d(TAG,"msg is "+msg.toString());
  109.             switch(msg.what){
  110.                 case 1:
  111.                 //更新显示
  112.                 text.setText(time);
  113.                 break;
  114.             }
  115.         }
  116.     };
  117.     /*
  118.      * 停止服务，并终止
  119.      */
  120.     public void stopactivity(){
  121.         try {
  122.             status=false;
  123.             this.unbindService(sc);
  124.             remoteservice.stop();
  125.             this.finish();
  126.         } catch (RemoteException e) {
  127.             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
  128.             e.printStackTrace();
  129.         }
  130.     }

  132.     ServiceConnection sc=new ServiceConnection(){
  133.         @Override
  134.         public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
  135.             remoteservice=IremoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
  136.         }
  137.         @Override
  138.         public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
  139.             remoteservice=null;
  140.         }
  141.     };
  142. }
      在服务端，相对来说比较简单只是获取系统的时间而已，类命名为remoteService.java
  1. package com.test;

  3. import android.app.Service;
  4. import android.content.Intent;
  5. import android.os.IBinder;
  6. import android.os.RemoteException;
  7. import android.util.Log;

  9. import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
  10. import java.util.Date;

  12. public class remoteService extends Service {
  13.     private String TAG="remoteService";
  14.     private String time;
  15.     //设置时间格式
  16.     private SimpleDateFormat format=new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy MMM d EEE HH:mm:ss");
  17.     private IremoteService.Stub binder=new IremoteService.Stub() {

  19.         @Override
  20.         public String getTime() throws RemoteException {
  21.             Log.d(TAG,"gettime");
  22.             //获取系统时间
  23.             time=format.format((new Date()));
  24.             return time;
  25.         }

  27.         @Override
  28.         public void stop() throws RemoteException {
  29.             Log.d(TAG,"stop");
  30.             stopSelf();
  31.         }
  32.     };
  33.     @Override
  34.     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
  35.         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  36.         return binder;
  37.     }

  39.     public void onCreate(){
  40.         super.onCreate();
  41.         Log.d(TAG,"oncreate");
  42.     }
  43. }
        现在就可以了，界面如下图所示，显示的时间会每秒更新一次。



    此外，系统想要顺利运行似乎还缺了几个文件，分别为value目录下的strings.xml和color.xml，下面是strings.xml。
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <resources>
  3.     <string name="hello">请选择</string>
  4.     <string name="app_name">Service练习</string>
  5.     <string name="dirct_start">直接启动service</string>
  6.     <string name="bind_start">bind启动service</string>
  7.     <string name="remote_start">远程启动service</string>
  8.     <string name="do_nothing">啥也不做</string>
  9.     <string name="start">启动服务</string>
  10.     <string name="pause">暂停服务</string>
  11.     <string name="stop">停止服务</string>
  12.     <string-array name="actions">
  13.     <item>啥也不做</item>
  14.     <item>启动服务</item>
  15.     <item>暂停服务</item>
  16.     <item>停止服务</item>
  17.     
  18.      </string-array>
  19.      <string name="select">选择一个操作</string>
  20. </resources>
      下面为color.xml
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <resources>
  3. <color name="bachgroud">#7fffffff</color>
  4. <color name="textback">#77777777</color>
  5. </resources>
     至此，我这个系统终于大功告成了。
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