Linux下如何查看硬件配置信息（dmidecode命令）

在Linux下查看硬件配置信息有多种方法，使用 dmidecode 命令就可以很全面的查看到系统的硬件配置信息。用法很简单：

dmidecode | less

dmidecode命令说明（具体使用方法请用 man dmidecode 查看）：

       dmidecode  is  a  tool for dumping a computer's DMI (some say SMBIOS) table contents in a human-readable format. This table con‐
       tains a description of the system's hardware components, as well as other useful pieces of information such  as  serial  numbers
       and  BIOS  revision.  Thanks  to  this table, you can retrieve this information without having to probe for the actual hardware.
       While this is a good point in terms of report speed and safeness, this also makes the presented information possibly unreliable.

       The DMI table doesn't only describe what the system is currently made of, it also can report the possible  evolutions  (such  as
       the fastest supported CPU or the maximal amount of memory supported).

       SMBIOS  stands for System Management BIOS, while DMI stands for Desktop Management Interface. Both standards are tightly related
       and developed by the DMTF (Desktop Management Task Force).

       As you run it, dmidecode will try to locate the DMI table. If it succeeds, it will then parse this table and display a  list  of
       records like this one:

       Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytes.  Base Board Information
               Manufacturer: Intel
               Product Name: C440GX+
               Version: 727281-001
               Serial Number: INCY92700942

       Each record has:

       · A  handle.  This  is a unique identifier, which allows records to reference each other. For example, processor records usually
         reference cache memory records using their handles.

       · A type. The SMBIOS specification defines different types of elements a computer can be made of. In this example, the  type  is
         2, which means that the record contains "Base Board Information".

       · A  size.  Each  record  has a 4-byte header (2 for the handle, 1 for the type, 1 for the size), the rest is used by the record
         data. This value doesn't take text strings into account (these are placed at the end of the record), so the actual  length  of
         the record may be (and is often) greater than the displayed value.

       · Decoded  values.  The information presented of course depends on the type of record. Here, we learn about the board's manufac‐
         turer, model, version and serial number.

附：

在我的笔记本电脑的输出：

# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
38 structures occupying 1921 bytes.
Table at 0x000E6AA0.


Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Acer
        Version: V1.08
        Release Date: 06/21/2012
        Address: 0xE0000
        Runtime Size: 128 kB
        ROM Size: 3584 kB
        Characteristics:
                PCI is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                Boot from CD is supported
                Selectable boot is supported
                EDD is supported
                Japanese floppy for NEC 9800 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
                Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
                5.25"/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
                CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
                ACPI is supported
                USB legacy is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported
                Targeted content distribution is supported
                UEFI is supported
        BIOS Revision: 1.8
        Firmware Revision: 0.0


Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
        Manufacturer: Acer
        Product Name: Aspire E1-531
        Version: V1.08
        Serial Number: NXM12CN0032300FC591601
        UUID: C4B8FA9B-A4C5-E111-8626-B888E350C704
        Wake-up Type: Power Switch
        SKU Number: Type1Sku0
        Family: Type1Family


Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 16 bytes
Base Board Information
        Manufacturer: Acer
        Product Name: EA50_HC_HR
        Version: Type2 - Board Version
        Serial Number: NBC1F110012309348B1601
        Asset Tag: Type2 - Board Asset Tag
        Features:
                Board is a hosting board
                Board is replaceable
        Location In Chassis: Type2 - Board Chassis Location
        Chassis Handle: 0x0003
        Type: Motherboard
        Contained Object Handles: 0


Handle 0x0003, DMI type 3, 23 bytes
Chassis Information
        Manufacturer: Acer
        Type: Notebook
        Lock: Not Present
        Version: V1.08
        Serial Number: NXM12CN0032300FC591601
        Asset Tag:                  
        Boot-up State: Safe
        Power Supply State: Safe
        Thermal State: Safe
        Security Status: None
        OEM Information: 0x00000000
        Height: Unspecified
        Number Of Power Cords: 1
        Contained Elements: 0
        SKU Number: Not Specified


Handle 0x0004, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
        Designation: J5C1
        Type: x16 PCI Express x16
        Current Usage: Available
        Length: Other
        ID: 1
        Characteristics:
                PME signal is supported
                Hot-plug devices are supported
        Bus Address: 0000:00:01.0


Handle 0x0005, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
        Designation: J6C1
        Type: x1 PCI Express x1
        Current Usage: Available
        Length: Other
        ID: 2
        Characteristics:
                PME signal is supported
                Hot-plug devices are supported
        Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.0


Handle 0x0006, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
        Designation: J6C2
        Type: x1 PCI Express x1
        Current Usage: Available
        Length: Other
        ID: 3
        Characteristics:
                PME signal is supported
                Hot-plug devices are supported
        Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.1


Handle 0x0007, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
        Designation: J6D2
        Type: x1 PCI Express x1
        Current Usage: Available
        Length: Other
        ID: 4
        Characteristics:
                PME signal is supported
                Hot-plug devices are supported
        Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.2


Handle 0x0008, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
        Designation: J7C1
        Type: x1 PCI Express x1
        Current Usage: Available
        Length: Other
        ID: 5
        Characteristics:
                PME signal is supported
                Hot-plug devices are supported
        Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.3


Handle 0x0009, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
        Designation: J7D2
        Type: x1 PCI Express x1
        Current Usage: Available
        Length: Other
        ID: 6
        Characteristics:
                PME signal is supported
                Hot-plug devices are supported
        Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.4


Handle 0x000A, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
        Designation: J8C1
        Type: x1 PCI Express x1
        Current Usage: Available
        Length: Other
        ID: 7
        Characteristics:
                PME signal is supported
                Hot-plug devices are supported
        Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.5


Handle 0x000B, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
        Designation: J8C2
        Type: x16 PCI Express x16
        Current Usage: Available
        Length: Other
        ID: 8
        Characteristics:
                PME signal is supported
                Hot-plug devices are supported
        Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.7


Handle 0x000C, DMI type 10, 6 bytes
On Board Device Information
        Type: Video
        Status: Enabled
        Description: Video Graphics Controller


Handle 0x000D, DMI type 10, 6 bytes
On Board Device Information
        Type: Ethernet
        Status: Enabled
        Description: Lan Controller


Handle 0x000E, DMI type 11, 5 bytes
OEM Strings
        String 1: String1 for Original Equipment Manufacturer
        String 2: String2 for Original Equipment Manufacturer
        String 3: String3 for Original Equipment Manufacturer
        String 4: String4 for Original Equipment Manufacturer
        String 5: String5 for Original Equipment Manufacturer


Handle 0x000F, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
        Option 1:  
        Option 2: String2 for Type12 Equipment Manufacturer
        Option 3: String3 for Type12 Equipment Manufacturer
        Option 4: String4 for Type12 Equipment Manufacturer


Handle 0x0010, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: None
        Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 4


Handle 0x0011, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x0010
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: Unknown
        Data Width: Unknown
        Size: No Module Installed
        Form Factor:
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM0
        Bank Locator: BANK 0
        Type: Unknown
        Type Detail: Unknown
        Speed: Unknown
        Manufacturer: Empty
        Serial Number: Empty
        Asset Tag: Unknown
        Part Number: Empty
        Rank: Unknown
        Configured Clock Speed: Unknown


Handle 0x0012, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
        Socket Designation: DIMM0
        Bank Connections: None
        Current Speed: Unknown
        Type: None
        Installed Size: Not Installed
        Enabled Size: Not Installed
        Error Status: OK


Handle 0x0013, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x0010
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: Unknown
        Data Width: Unknown
        Size: No Module Installed
        Form Factor:
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM1
        Bank Locator: BANK 1
        Type: Unknown
        Type Detail: Unknown
        Speed: Unknown
        Manufacturer: Empty
        Serial Number: Empty
        Asset Tag: Unknown
        Part Number: Empty
        Rank: Unknown
        Configured Clock Speed: Unknown


Handle 0x0014, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
        Socket Designation: DIMM1
        Bank Connections: None
        Current Speed: Unknown
        Type: None
        Installed Size: Not Installed
        Enabled Size: Not Installed
        Error Status: OK


Handle 0x0015, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x0010
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 64 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: 2048 MB
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM1
        Bank Locator: BANK 2
        Type: DDR3
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 666 MHz
        Manufacturer: Unknown
        Serial Number: 1A33389E
        Asset Tag: Unknown
        Part Number: HMT325S6CFR8C-H9  
        Rank: 1
        Configured Clock Speed: 1333 MHz


Handle 0x0016, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
        Socket Designation: DIMM1
        Bank Connections: None
        Current Speed: Unknown
        Type: DIMM
        Installed Size: 2048 MB (Single-bank Connection)
        Enabled Size: 2048 MB (Single-bank Connection)
        Error Status: OK


Handle 0x0017, DMI type 20, 35 bytes
Memory Device Mapped Address
        Starting Address: 0x00000000000
        Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF
        Range Size: 2 GB
        Physical Device Handle: 0x0015
        Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x001A
        Partition Row Position: Unknown
        Interleave Position: 2
        Interleaved Data Depth: 1


Handle 0x0018, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x0010
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: Unknown
        Data Width: Unknown
        Size: No Module Installed
        Form Factor:
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM3
        Bank Locator: BANK 3
        Type: Unknown
        Type Detail: Unknown
        Speed: Unknown
        Manufacturer: Empty
        Serial Number: Empty
        Asset Tag: Unknown
        Part Number: Empty
        Rank: Unknown
        Configured Clock Speed: Unknown


Handle 0x0019, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
        Socket Designation: DIMM3
        Bank Connections: None
        Current Speed: Unknown
        Type: None
        Installed Size: Not Installed
        Enabled Size: Not Installed
        Error Status: OK


Handle 0x001A, DMI type 19, 31 bytes
Memory Array Mapped Address
        Starting Address: 0x00000000000
        Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF
        Range Size: 2 GB
        Physical Array Handle: 0x0010
        Partition Width: 4


Handle 0x001B, DMI type 5, 24 bytes
Memory Controller Information
        Error Detecting Method: None
        Error Correcting Capabilities:
                None
        Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave
        Current Interleave: One-way Interleave
        Maximum Memory Module Size: 8192 MB
        Maximum Total Memory Size: 32768 MB
        Supported Speeds:
                Other
        Supported Memory Types:
                Other
        Memory Module Voltage: Unknown
        Associated Memory Slots: 4
                0x0012
                0x0014
                0x0016
                0x0019
        Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities:
                None


Handle 0x001C, DMI type 170, 82 bytes
OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
                AA 52 1C 00 01 00 19 00 7F 00 0F 00 06 00 03 02
                01 00 21 02 00 00 23 02 00 00 25 02 00 00 41 02
                04 00 48 02 01 00 49 02 02 00 42 02 20 00 43 02
                40 00 44 02 08 00 45 02 10 00 61 02 08 00 64 02
                04 00 62 02 01 00 63 02 02 00 81 02 04 00 83 02
                02 00


Handle 0x001D, DMI type 171, 29 bytes
OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
                AB 1D 1D 00 01 86 80 06 01 02 E4 14 B5 16 05 86
                80 20 1E 07 8C 16 32 00 04 CF 1B 18 2C


Handle 0x001E, DMI type 172, 18 bytes
OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
                AC 12 1E 00 02 11 01 FF 00 02 01 00 03 FF 00 04
                01 00


Handle 0x001F, DMI type 173, 9 bytes
OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
                AD 09 1F 00 00 00 00 00 00


Handle 0x0020, DMI type 4, 42 bytes
Processor Information
        Socket Designation: U3E1
        Type: Central Processor
        Family: Celeron
        Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
        ID: A7 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF
        Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 42, Stepping 7
        Flags:
                FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
                VME (Virtual mode extension)
                DE (Debugging extension)
                PSE (Page size extension)
                TSC (Time stamp counter)
                MSR (Model specific registers)
                PAE (Physical address extension)
                MCE (Machine check exception)
                CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
                APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
                SEP (Fast system call)
                MTRR (Memory type range registers)
                PGE (Page global enable)
                MCA (Machine check architecture)
                CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
                PAT (Page attribute table)
                PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
                CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
                DS (Debug store)
                ACPI (ACPI supported)
                MMX (MMX technology supported)
                FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
                SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
                SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
                SS (Self-snoop)
                HTT (Multi-threading)
                TM (Thermal monitor supported)
                PBE (Pending break enabled)
        Version: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU B830 @ 1.80GHz
        Voltage: 0.0 V
        External Clock: 100 MHz
        Max Speed: 4000 MHz
        Current Speed: 1800 MHz
        Status: Populated, Enabled
        Upgrade: Socket rPGA988B
        L1 Cache Handle: 0x0022
        L2 Cache Handle: 0x0023
        L3 Cache Handle: 0x0024
        Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
        Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
        Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
        Core Count: 2
        Core Enabled: 2
        Thread Count: 2
        Characteristics:
                64-bit capable
                Multi-Core
                Execute Protection
                Enhanced Virtualization
                Power/Performance Control


Handle 0x0021, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
        Socket Designation: L1 Cache
        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
        Operational Mode: Write Through
        Location: Internal
        Installed Size: 32 kB
        Maximum Size: 32 kB
        Supported SRAM Types:
                Unknown
        Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
        Speed: Unknown
        Error Correction Type: Parity
        System Type: Data
        Associativity: 8-way Set-associative


Handle 0x0022, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
        Socket Designation: L1 Cache
        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
        Operational Mode: Write Through
        Location: Internal
        Installed Size: 32 kB
        Maximum Size: 32 kB
        Supported SRAM Types:
                Unknown
        Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
        Speed: Unknown
        Error Correction Type: Parity
        System Type: Instruction
        Associativity: 8-way Set-associative


Handle 0x0023, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
        Socket Designation: L2 Cache
        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 2
        Operational Mode: Write Through
        Location: Internal
        Installed Size: 256 kB
        Maximum Size: 256 kB
        Supported SRAM Types:
                Unknown
        Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
        Speed: Unknown
        Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
        System Type: Unified
        Associativity: 8-way Set-associative


Handle 0x0024, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
        Socket Designation: L3 Cache
        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 3
        Operational Mode: Write Back
        Location: Internal
        Installed Size: 2048 kB
        Maximum Size: 2048 kB
        Supported SRAM Types:
                Unknown
        Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
        Speed: Unknown
        Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
        System Type: Unified
        Associativity: 8-way Set-associative


Handle 0x0025, DMI type 127, 4 bytes
End Of Table