虚拟机下RHEL7安装Oracle 12C

安装环境，Windows 7上部署的VMware Workstation 11.0。安装了RHEL server 7.0系统，2G内存，2×2CPU，1块20GB硬盘，1块15GB硬盘（由于安装过程中提示空间不足后增加的），网络设置为主机模式。

安装软件包 Oracle linuxamd64_12102_database。（linuxamd64_12c_database的安装包有大虾提示bug过多）

整个安装过程如下：（1-13为系统配置，可以跳过）

1、 安装系统，选择server with GUI。（具体系统安装网上资料很多，大家自行查找吧）

2、 挂载镜像

[root@redhat ~]#  mkdir /media/rhel

[root@redhat ~]#  mount -o loop /dev/sr0 /media/rhel

3、  新建一个本地repo文件

[root@rac1 mnt]# more /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

[rhel-source]

name=server

baseurl=file:///media/cdrom

enabled=1

gpgchek=0

[root@rac2 cdrom]# rpm --import /media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

4、 安装vnc

[root@rac2 cdrom]# yum install vnc

5、 安装服务器包

[root@rac2 Packages]# rpm -ivh tigervnc-server-1.2.80-0.30.20130314svn5065.el7.x86_64.rpm

 

6、 配置启动文件

[root@rac2 system]# cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@:2.service

[root@rac2 system]# vi

7、 同步配置文件

[root@rac2 system]# systemctl daemon-reload

8、 配置登录密码

[root@rac2 system]# vncpasswd

Password:

Verify:

9、 启动服务

[root@rac2 system]# systemctl start vncserver@:2.service

10、    查看服务状态

[root@rac2 system]# systemctl status vncserver@:2.service -l

vncserver@:2.service - Remote desktop service (VNC)

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@:2.service; disabled)

   Active: active (running) since Mon 2015-05-04 10:42:19 CST; 12s ago

  Process: 44624 ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c /usr/bin/vncserver :2 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

  Process: 44622 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c /usr/bin/vncserver -kill :2 > /dev/null 2>&1 || : (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

 Main PID: 44677 (Xvnc)

   CGroup: /system.slice/system-vncserver.slice/vncserver@:2.service

           ??44677 /usr/bin/Xvnc :2 -desktop rac2:2 (root) -auth /root/.Xauthority -geometry 1024x768 -rfbwait 30000 -rfbauth /root/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5902 -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -pn

 

May 04 10:42:19 rac2 systemd[1]: Started Remote desktop service (VNC).

11、    开机启动服务

 [root@rac2 system]# systemctl enable vncserver@:2.service

ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@:2.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vncserver@:2.service'

 

 

12、    关闭防火墙

[root@rac2 system]# systemctl stop firewalld.service

13、    永久关闭防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld.service

 

 

Oracle准备工作

14、              安装缺失rpm软件包

（RHEL 7.0默认未安装的，compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-68.7.x86_64.rpm在系统盘中没有，需要晚上下载）

rpm -ivh libstdc++-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.158-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh kernel-headers-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh cpp-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh ksh-20120801-19.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.3.1-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm –ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-68.7.x86_64.rpm

 

15、    检查系统环境

[root@rac1 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo         //查看内存

MemTotal:        1870784 kB

[root@rac1 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo        //查看交换区

SwapTotal:       2097148 kB

[root@rac1 ~]# df –h                             //查看磁盘空间

Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/rhel-root   18G  3.1G   15G  18% /

devtmpfs               908M     0  908M   0% /dev

tmpfs                  914M  164K  914M   1% /dev/shm

tmpfs                  914M  9.0M  905M   1% /run

tmpfs                  914M     0  914M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1              497M   96M  401M  20% /boot

/dev/sr0               3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64

[root@rac1 ~]# df -h /tmp                         //查看tmp区大小

Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/rhel-root   18G  3.1G   15G  18% /

[root@rac1 ~]# free

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:       1870784     989728     881056       9604        928     335796

-/+ buffers/cache:     653004    1217780

Swap:      2097148          0    2097148

[root@rac1 ~]# uname –m                        //查看系统版本

x86_64

[root@rac1 ~]# uname –a                         //查看系统内核版本

Linux rac1 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon May 5 11:16:57 EDT 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

                

[root@rac1 ~]# rpm -qa | grep openssh               //查看ssh是否安装

openssh-clients-6.4p1-8.el7.x86_64

openssh-6.4p1-8.el7.x86_64

openssh-server-6.4p1-8.el7.x86_64

16、    增加磁盘空间和变更swap大小。

过程见我另一篇博客，建议安装系统时提前规划好大小。

安装前磁盘空间

[oracle@rac1 tmp]$ df -k

df: ?.run/user/0/gvfs?. Permission denied

df: ?.run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64?. Permission denied

Filesystem            1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/rhel-root   23590912   8790792   14800120  38% /

devtmpfs                 928976       0    928976   0% /dev

tmpfs                    935392     304    935088   1% /dev/shm

tmpfs                    935392    9200    926192   1% /run

tmpfs                    935392       0    935392   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1                508588   98296    410292  20% /boot

安装完成后磁盘空间

[root@rac1 tmp]# df -k

Filesystem            1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/rhel-root   23590912   19033240    4557672  81% /

devtmpfs                 928976        0    928976   0% /dev

tmpfs                    935392   484460    450932  52% /dev/shm

tmpfs                    935392     9200    926192   1% /run

tmpfs                    935392        0    935392   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1                508588    98296    410292  20% /boot

/dev/sr0                3654720  3654720         0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64

因此安装前最少要12个G的剩余空间。

17、    配置内核

[root@rac1 etc]# sysctl -a | grep sem

kernel.sem = 250    32000     32    128            250 3200 100 128

[root@rac1 etc]# sysctl -a | grep shm

kernel.shm_rmid_forced = 0

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295                1024物理内存的一半,单位字节(957841408)

kernel.shmmni = 4096                                    4096

vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 0                

[root@rac1 etc]# sysctl -a | grep file-max

fs.file-max = 184462                                     6815744

[root@rac1 etc]# sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768   61000                9000 65500

 [root@rac1 etc]# sysctl -a | grep rmem_de

net.core.rmem_default = 212992                          262144

[root@rac1 etc]# sysctl -a | grep rmem_max

net.core.rmem_max = 212992                            4194304

[root@rac1 etc]# sysctl -a | grep wmem_default

net.core.wmem_default = 212992                         262144

[root@rac1 etc]# sysctl -a | grep wmem_max

net.core.wmem_max = 212992                           1048576

 

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ulimit -Sn

1024

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ulimit -Hn

4096

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ulimit -Su

4096

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ulimit -Hu

14515

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ulimit -Ss

8192

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ulimit -Hs

unlimited

 

更改不符合的参数

[root@rac1 tmp]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

[root@rac1 tmp]# more /etc/sysctl.conf

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.

# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/.conf file

#

# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 957841408

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

[root@rac1 tmp]#

 

# /sbin/sysctl –p   //配置生效

# /sbin/sysctl –a   //查看生效配置

18、    配置用户和用户组

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 200 oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 201 dba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 202 oper

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle

 

安装过程见截图

 
启动安装

配置邮箱，可以跳过

选择安装时创建数据库，还是单纯装软件

数据库级别

数据库类型

典型安装

安装路径



提示安装校验错误，如果没有错误就直接是下图

整体的安装配置

有两个脚本需要root用户手动执行

[root@rac1 app]# cd /ora/app/oraInventory/

[root@rac1 oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /ora/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

 

Changing groupname of /ora/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@rac1 oraInventory]# cd ../oracle/

[root@rac1 oracle]# pwd

/ora/app/oracle

[root@rac1 oracle]# cd product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/

[root@rac1 dbhome_1]# ./root.sh

Performing root user operation.

 

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /ora/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1

 

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

 

 

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

[root@rac1 dbhome_1]#

安装完成

 整个安装过程的log 

You can find the log of this install session at:

 /ora/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-05-11_02-57-05PM.log

 配置oracle的环境变量

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs
ORACLE_SID=rac1
ORACLE_HOME=/ora/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/dt/lib:/usr/openwin/lib:usr/ccs/lib
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH

 激动人心的时刻到了，启动和关闭数据库

[oracle@rac1 bin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL> startup

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/ora/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initrac1.ora'

SQL>

[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ cp /ora/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.4112015153636 /ora/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initrac1.ora

 

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  767557632 bytes

Fixed Size                 2929112 bytes

Variable Size            608177704 bytes

Database Buffers      150994944 bytes

Redo Buffers             5455872 bytes

Database mounted.

 

Database opened.

SQL>

SQL> shutdown

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.