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分类: LINUX

2008-10-07 14:50:11

注:最近重新分析SPCA5XX的源码,网路上偶得一师兄的文章,对SPCA5XX分析得很是详尽,看后颇有心得,特转贴于此,以示谢意。

Spac5xx的实现是按照标准的USB VIDEO设备的驱动框架编写(其具体的驱动框架可参照/usr/src/linux/drivers/usb/usbvideo.c文件),整个源程序由四个主体部分组成:设备模块的初始化模块和卸载模块,上层软件接口模块,数据传输模块。具体的模块分析如下:

初始化设备模块:

该驱动采用了显式的模块初始化和消除函数,即调用module_init来初始化一个模块,并在卸载时调用moduel-exit函数(此二函数在2.3.13内核开始支持)。其具体实现如下:

1.模块初始化:

module_init (usb_spca5xx_init);

static int __init

usb_spca5xx_init (void)

{

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS

proc_spca50x_create (); //建立PROC设备文件

#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */

if (usb_register (&spca5xx_driver) < 0) //注册USB设备驱动

return -1;

info ("spca5xx driver %s registered", version);

return 0;

}

2.模块卸载:

module_exit (usb_spca5xx_exit);

tatic void __exit

usb_spca5xx_exit (void)

{

usb_deregister (&spca5xx_driver); //注销USB设备驱动

info ("driver spca5xx deregistered");

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS

proc_spca50x_destroy (); //撤消PROC设备文件

#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */

}

关键数据结构: //USB驱动结构,即插即用功能的实现

static struct usb_driver spca5xx_driver = {

"spca5xx",

spca5xx_probe, //注册设备自我侦测功能

spca5xx_disconnect, //注册设备自我断开功能

{NULL,NULL}

};

用两个函数调用spca5xx_probe spca5xx_disconnect来支持USB设备的即插即用功能:

spca5xx_probe具体实现如下:

static void *

spca5xx_probe (struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int ifnum, const struct usb_device_id *id)

{

struct usb_interface_descriptor *interface; //USB设备接口描述符

struct usb_spca50x *spca50x; //物理设备数据结构

int err_probe;

int i;

if (dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations != 1) //探测设备是不是可配置

goto nodevice;

if (ifnum > 0)

goto nodevice;

interface = &dev->actconfig->interface[ifnum].altsetting[0];

MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;

interface = &intf->altsetting[0].desc;

if (interface->bInterfaceNumber > 0)

goto nodevice;

if ((spca50x = kmalloc (sizeof (struct usb_spca50x), GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)

//分配物理地址空间

{

err ("couldn't kmalloc spca50x struct");

goto error;

}

memset (spca50x, 0, sizeof (struct usb_spca50x));

spca50x->dev = dev;

spca50x->iface = interface->bInterfaceNumber;

if ((err_probe = spcaDetectCamera (spca50x)) < 0)

//具体物理设备查找,匹配厂商号,设备号(在子程序中)

{

err (" Devices not found !! ");

goto error;

}

PDEBUG (0, "Camera type %s ", Plist[spca50x->cameratype].name

for (i = 0; i < SPCA50X_NUMFRAMES; i++)

init_waitqueue_head (&spca50x->frame[i].wq); //初始化帧等待队列

init_waitqueue_head (&spca50x->wq); //初始化驱动等待队列

if (!spca50x_configure (spca50x))

//物理设备配置(主要完成传感器侦测和图形参数配置),主要思想是给控制寄存器写值,读回其返回值,以此判断具体的传感器型号

{

spca50x->user = 0;

init_MUTEX (&spca50x->lock);     //信号量初始化

init_MUTEX (&spca50x->buf_lock);

spca50x->v4l_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;

spca50x->buf_state = BUF_NOT_ALLOCATED;

}

else

{

err ("Failed to configure camera");

goto error;

}

/* Init video stuff */

spca50x->vdev = video_device_alloc (); //设备控制块内存分配

if (!spca50x->vdev)

goto error;

memcpy (spca50x->vdev, &spca50x_template, sizeof (spca50x_template));

//系统调用的挂接,在此将驱动实现的系统调用,挂到内核中

video_set_drvdata (spca50x->vdev, spca50x);

if (video_register_device (spca50x->vdev, VFL_TYPE_GRABBER, video_nr) < 0)

{ //video设备注册

err ("video_register_device failed");

goto error;

}

spca50x->present = 1;

if (spca50x->force_rgb)

info ("data format set to RGB");

spca50x->task.sync = 0;

spca50x->task.routine = auto_bh;

spca50x->task.data = spca50x;

spca50x->bh_requested = 0;

MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT; //增加模块使用数

return spca50x; //返回数据结构

error: //错误处理

if (spca50x->vdev)

{

if (spca50x->vdev->minor == -1)

video_device_release (spca50x->vdev);

else

video_unregister_device (spca50x->vdev);

spca50x->vdev = NULL;

}

if (spca50x)

{

kfree (spca50x);

spca50x = NULL;

}

MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;

return NULL;

nodevice:

return NULL;

}

Spca5xx_disconnect的具体实现如下:

static void

spca5xx_disconnect (struct usb_device *dev, void *ptr)

{

struct usb_spca50x *spca50x = (struct usb_spca50x *) ptr;

int n;

MOD_INC_USE_COUNT; //增加模块使用数

if (!spca50x)

return;

down (&spca50x->lock); //减少信号量

spca50x->present = 0; //驱动卸载置0

for (n = 0; n < SPCA50X_NUMFRAMES; n++) //标示所有帧ABORTING状态

spca50x->frame[n].grabstate = FRAME_ABORTING;

spca50x->curframe = -1;

for (n = 0; n < SPCA50X_NUMFRAMES; n++) //唤醒所有等待进程

if (waitqueue_active (&spca50x->frame[n].wq))

wake_up_interruptible (&spca50x->frame[n].wq);

if (waitqueue_active (&spca50x->wq))

wake_up_interruptible (&spca50x->wq);

spca5xx_kill_isoc(spca50x); //子函数终止URB包的传输

PDEBUG (3,"Disconnect Kill isoc done");

up (&spca50x->lock); //增加信号量

while(spca50x->user) //如果还有进程在使用,进程切换

schedule();

down (&spca50x->lock);

if (spca50x->vdev)

video_unregister_device (spca50x->vdev); //注销video设备

usb_driver_release_interface (&spca5xx_driver, //端口释放

&spca50x->dev->actconfig->

interface[spca50x->iface]);

spca50x->dev = NULL;

up (&spca50x->lock);

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS

destroy_proc_spca50x_cam (spca50x); //注销PROC文件

#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */

if (spca50x && !spca50x->user) //释放内存空间

{

spca5xx_dealloc (spca50x);

kfree (spca50x);

spca50x = NULL;

}

MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT; //减少模块记数

PDEBUG (3, "Disconnect complete");

}

上层软件接口模块:

该模块通过file_operations数据结构,依据V4L协议规范,实现设备的关键系统调用,实现设备文件化的UNIX系统设计特点。作为摄相头驱动,其功能在于数据采集,而没有向摄相头输出的功能,因此在源码中没有实现write系统调用。其关键的数据结构如下:

static struct video_device spca50x_template = {

.owner = THIS_MODULE,

.name = "SPCA5XX USB Camera",

.type = VID_TYPE_CAPTURE,

.hardware = VID_HARDWARE_SPCA5XX,

.fops = &spca5xx_fops,

}

static struct file_operations spca5xx_fops = {

.owner = THIS_MODULE,

.open = spca5xx_open, //open 功能

.release = spca5xx_close, //close 功能

.read = spca5xx_read, //read 功能

.mmap = spca5xx_mmap, //内存映射功能

.ioctl = spca5xx_ioctl, //文件信息获取

.llseek = no_llseek, //文件定位功能未实现

};

Open功能:

完成设备的打开和初始化,并初始化解码器模块。其具体实现如下:

static int

spca5xx_open(struct video_device *vdev, int flags)

{

struct usb_spca50x *spca50x = video_get_drvdata (vdev);

int err;

MOD_INC_USE_COUNT; //增加模块记数

down (&spca50x->lock);

err = -ENODEV;

if (!spca50x->present) //检查设备是不是存在,有不有驱动,是不是忙

goto out;

err = -EBUSY;

if (spca50x->user)

goto out;

err = -ENOMEM;

if (spca50x_alloc (spca50x))

goto out;

err = spca50x_init_source (spca50x); //初始化传感器和解码模块,在此函数的实现中,对每一款DSP芯片的初始化都不一样,对中星微301PDSP芯片的初始化在子函数zc3xx_init,其实现方法为寄存器填值。

if (err != 0){

PDEBUG (0, "DEALLOC error on spca50x_init_source\n");

up (&spca50x->lock);

spca5xx_dealloc (spca50x);

goto out2;

}

spca5xx_initDecoder(spca50x); //解码模块初始化,其模块的具体实现采用的是huffman算法

spca5xx_setFrameDecoder(spca50x);

spca50x->user++;

err = spca50x_init_isoc (spca50x); //初始化URB(usb request block) 包,启动摄相头,采用同步传输的方式传送数据

if (err)

{

PDEBUG (0, " DEALLOC error on init_Isoc\n");

spca50x->user--;

spca5xx_kill_isoc (spca50x);

up (&spca50x->lock);

spca5xx_dealloc (spca50x);

goto out2;

}

spca50x->brightness = spca50x_get_brghtness (spca50x) << 8;

spca50x->whiteness = 0;

out:

up (&spca50x->lock);

out2:

if (err)

MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;

if (err)

{

PDEBUG (2, "Open failed");

}

else

{

PDEBUG (2, "Open done");

}

return err;

}

2.Close功能:

完成设备的关闭,其具体过程是:

static void

spca5xx_close( struct video_device *vdev)

{

struct usb_spca50x *spca50x =vdev->priv;

int i;

PDEBUG (2, "spca50x_close");

down (&spca50x->lock); //参数设置

spca50x->user--;

spca50x->curframe = -1;

if (spca50x->present) //present:是或有驱动加载

{

spca50x_stop_isoc (spca50x); //停止摄相头工作和数据包发送

spcaCameraShutDown (spca50x); //关闭摄相头,由子函数spca50x_stop_isoc完成

for (i = 0; i < SPCA50X_NUMFRAMES; i++) //唤醒所有等待进程

{

if (waitqueue_active (&spca50x->frame[i].wq))

wake_up_interruptible (&spca50x->frame[i].wq);

}

if (waitqueue_active (&spca50x->wq))

wake_up_interruptible (&spca50x->wq);

}

up (&spca50x->lock);

spca5xx_dealloc (spca50x); //回收内存空间

PDEBUG(2,"Release ressources done");

MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;

}

Read功能:

完成数据的读取,其主要的工作就是将数据由内核空间传送到进程用户空间。

static long

spca5xx_read(struct video_device *dev, char * buf, unsigned long

count,int noblock)

{

struct usb_spca50x *spca50x = video_get_drvdata (dev);

int i;

int frmx = -1;

int rc;

volatile struct spca50x_frame *frame;

if (down_interruptible(&spca50x->lock)) //获取信号量

return -EINTR;

if (!dev || !buf){ //判断设备情况

up(&spca50x->lock);

return -EFAULT;

}

if (!spca50x->dev){

up(&spca50x->lock);

return -EIO;

}

if (!spca50x->streaming){

up(&spca50x->lock);

return -EIO;

}

if((rc = wait_event_interruptible(spca50x->wq, //在指定的队列上睡眠,直到参数2的条件为真

spca50x->frame[0].grabstate == FRAME_DONE ||

spca50x->frame[1].grabstate == FRAME_DONE ||

spca50x->frame[2].grabstate == FRAME_DONE ||

spca50x->frame[3].grabstate == FRAME_DONE ))){

up(&spca50x->lock);

return rc;

}

for (i = 0; i < SPCA50X_NUMFRAMES; i++) //当数据到来

if (spca50x->frame[i].grabstate == FRAME_DONE) //标识数据已到

frmx = i;

if (frmx < 0)

{

PDEBUG (2, "Couldnt find a frame ready to be read.");

up(&spca50x->lock);

return -EFAULT;

}

frame = &spca50x->frame[frmx];

PDEBUG (2, "count asked: %d available: %d", (int) count,

(int) frame->scanlength);

if (count > frame->scanlength)

count = frame->scanlength;

if ((i = copy_to_user (buf, frame->data, count))) //实现用户空间和内核空间的数据拷贝

{

PDEBUG (2, "Copy failed! %d bytes not copied", i);

up(&spca50x->lock);

return -EFAULT;

}

/* Release the frame */

frame->grabstate = FRAME_READY; //标识数据已空

up(&spca50x->lock);

return count; //返回拷贝的数据数

}

Mmap功能:

实现将设备内存映射到用户进程的地址空间的功能,其关键函数是remap_page_range,其具体实现如下:

static int

spca5xx_mmap(struct video_device *dev,const char *adr, unsigned long size)

{

unsigned long start=(unsigned long) adr;

struct usb_spca50x *spca50x = dev->priv;

unsigned long page, pos;

 

if (spca50x->dev == NULL)

return -EIO;

PDEBUG (4, "mmap: %ld (%lX) bytes", size, size);

if (size >

(((SPCA50X_NUMFRAMES * MAX_DATA_SIZE) + PAGE_SIZE - 1) & ~(PAGE_SIZE -1)))

return -EINVAL;

if (down_interruptible(&spca50x->lock)) //获取信号量

return -EINTR;

pos = (unsigned long) spca50x->fbuf;

while (size > 0) //循环实现内存映射

{

page = kvirt_to_pa (pos);

if (remap_page_range (start, page, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SHARED)){ //实现内存映射

up(&spca50x->lock);

return -EAGAIN; }

start += PAGE_SIZE;

pos += PAGE_SIZE;

if (size > PAGE_SIZE)

size -= PAGE_SIZE;

else

size = 0;

}

up(&spca50x->lock); //释放信号量

return 0;

}

Ioctl功能:

实现文件信息的获取功能,

static int

spca5xx_ioctl (struct inode *inode, struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)

{

struct video_device *vdev = file->private_data;

struct usb_spca50x *spca50x = vdev->priv;

int rc;

if (down_interruptible(&spca50x->lock)) //获取信号量

return -EINTR;

rc = video_usercopy (inode, file, cmd, arg, spca5xx_do_ioctl); //将信息传送到用户进程,其关键函数实现spca5xx_do_ioctl

up(&spca50x->lock);

return rc;

}

spca5xx_do_ioctl函数的实现依赖于不同的硬件,本驱动为了支持多种芯片,实现程序过于烦琐,其主要思想是通过copy_to_user(arg,b,sizeof(struct video_capability)函数将设备信息传递给用户进程。

 

数据传输模块:

源程序采用tasklet来实现同步快速传递数据,并通过spcadecode.c上的软件解码模块实现图形信息的解码。此模块的入口点挂节在spca_open函数中,其具体的函数为spca50x_init_isoc。当设备被打开时,同步传输数据也已经开始,并通过spca50x_move_data函数将数据传递给驱动程序,驱动程序通过轮询的办法实现对数据的访问。

void

outpict_do_tasklet (unsigned long ptr)

{

int err;

struct spca50x_frame *taskletframe = (struct spca50x_frame *) ptr;

taskletframe->scanlength = taskletframe->highwater - taskletframe->data;

PDEBUG (2, "Tasklet ask spcadecoder hdrwidth %d hdrheight %d method %d",

taskletframe->hdrwidth, taskletframe->hdrheight,

taskletframe->method);

err = spca50x_outpicture (taskletframe); //输出处理过的图片数据

if (err != 0)

{

PDEBUG (0, "frame decoder failed (%d)", err);

taskletframe->grabstate = FRAME_ERROR;

}

else

{

taskletframe->grabstate = FRAME_DONE;

}

if (waitqueue_active (&taskletframe->wq)) //如果有进程等待,唤醒等待进程

wake_up_interruptible (&taskletframe->wq);

}

值得一提的是spcadecode.c上解码模块将原始压缩图形数据流yyuyvyuvy jpeg411jpeg422解码为RGB图形,但此部分解压缩算法的实现也依赖于压缩的格式,归根结底依赖于DSP(数字处理芯片)中的硬件压缩算法。

 

四.USB CORE的支持:

LINUX下的USB设备对下层硬件的操作依靠系统实现的USB CORE层,USB CORE对上层驱动提供了众多函数接口如:usb_control_msgusb_sndctrlpipe等,其中最典型的使用为源码中对USB端点寄存器的读写函数spca50x_reg_writespca50x_reg_read等,具体实现如下:(举spca50x_reg_write的实现,其他类似)

static int spca50x_reg_write(struct usb_device *dev,__u16 reg__u16 index,

__u16 value)

{

int rc;

rc = usb_control_msg(dev, //通过USB CORE提供的接口函数设置寄存器的值

usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),

reg,

USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE,

value, index, NULL, 0, TimeOut);

PDEBUG(5, "reg write: 0x%02X,0x%02X:0x%02X, 0x%x", reg, index, value, rc);

if (rc < 0)

err("reg write: error %d", rc);

return rc;

}

 

 

源文档 <http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/24981/showart_185841.html>

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