U-Boot与内核的关系
U-Boot作为Bootloader，具备多种引导内核启动的方式。常用的go和bootm命令可以直接引导内核映像启动。U-Boot与内核的关系主要是内核启动过程中参数的传递。
1．go命令的实现
/* common/cmd_boot.c */
int do_go (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
ulong addr, rc;
int rcode = 0;
if (argc < 2) {
printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
return 1;
}
addr = simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 16);
printf ("## Starting application at 0x%08lX ...\n", addr);
/*
* pass address parameter as argv[0] (aka command name),
* and all remaining args
*/
rc = ((ulong (*)(int, char *[]))addr) (--argc, &argv[1]);
if (rc != 0) rcode = 1;
printf ("## Application terminated, rc = 0x%lX\n", rc);
return rcode;
}
go命令调用do_go()函数，跳转到某个地址执行的。如果在这个地址准备好了自引导的内核映像，就可以启动了。尽管go命令可以带变参，实际使用时一般不用来传递参数。
2．bootm命令的实现
/* common/cmd_bootm.c */
int do_bootm (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
ulong iflag;
ulong addr;
ulong data, len, checksum;
ulong *len_ptr;
uint unc_len = 0x400000;
int i, verify;
char *name, *s;
int (*appl)(int, char *[]);
image_header_t *hdr = &header;
s = getenv ("verify");
verify = (s && (*s == 'n')) ? 0 : 1;
if (argc < 2) {
addr = load_addr;
} else {
addr = simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 16);
}
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (1);
printf ("## Booting image at %08lx ...\n", addr);
/* Copy header so we can blank CRC field for re-calculation */
memmove (&header, (char *)addr, sizeof(image_header_t));
if (ntohl(hdr->ih_magic) != IH_MAGIC)
{
puts ("Bad Magic Number\n");
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (-1);
return 1;
}
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (2);
data = (ulong)&header;
len = sizeof(image_header_t);
checksum = ntohl(hdr->ih_hcrc);
hdr->ih_hcrc = 0;
if(crc32 (0, (char *)data, len) != checksum) {
puts ("Bad Header Checksum\n");
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (-2);
return 1;
}
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (3);
/* for multi-file images we need the data part, too */
print_image_hdr ((image_header_t *)addr);
data = addr + sizeof(image_header_t);
len = ntohl(hdr->ih_size);
if(verify) {
puts (" Verifying Checksum ... ");
if(crc32 (0, (char *)data, len) != ntohl(hdr->ih_dcrc)) {
printf ("Bad Data CRC\n");
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (-3);
return 1;
}
puts ("OK\n");
}
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (4);
len_ptr = (ulong *)data;
……
switch (hdr->ih_os) {
default: /* handled by (original) Linux case */
case IH_OS_LINUX:
do_bootm_linux (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv,
addr, len_ptr, verify);
break;
……
}
bootm命令调用do_bootm函数。这个函数专门用来引导各种操作系统映像，可以支持引导Linux、vxWorks、QNX等操作系统。引导Linux的时候，调用do_bootm_linux()函数。
3．do_bootm_linux函数的实现
/* lib_arm/armlinux.c */
void do_bootm_linux (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[],
ulong addr, ulong *len_ptr, int verify)
{
DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
ulong len = 0, checksum;
ulong initrd_start, initrd_end;
ulong data;
void (*theKernel)(int zero, int arch, uint params);
image_header_t *hdr = &header;
bd_t *bd = gd->bd;
#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG
char *commandline = getenv ("bootargs");
#endif
theKernel = (void (*)(int, int, uint))ntohl(hdr->ih_ep);
/* Check if there is an initrd image */
if(argc >= 3) {
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (9);
addr = simple_strtoul (argv[2], NULL, 16);
printf ("## Loading Ramdisk Image at %08lx ...\n", addr);
/* Copy header so we can blank CRC field for re-calculation */
memcpy (&header, (char *) addr, sizeof (image_header_t));
if (ntohl (hdr->ih_magic) != IH_MAGIC) {
printf ("Bad Magic Number\n");
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (-10);
do_reset (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);
}
data = (ulong) & header;
len = sizeof (image_header_t);
checksum = ntohl (hdr->ih_hcrc);
hdr->ih_hcrc = 0;
if(crc32 (0, (char *) data, len) != checksum) {
printf ("Bad Header Checksum\n");
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (-11);
do_reset (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);
}
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (10);
print_image_hdr (hdr);
data = addr + sizeof (image_header_t);
len = ntohl (hdr->ih_size);
if(verify) {
ulong csum = 0;
printf (" Verifying Checksum ... ");
csum = crc32 (0, (char *) data, len);
if (csum != ntohl (hdr->ih_dcrc)) {
printf ("Bad Data CRC\n");
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (-12);
do_reset (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);
}
printf ("OK\n");
}
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (11);
if ((hdr->ih_os != IH_OS_LINUX) ||
(hdr->ih_arch != IH_CPU_ARM) ||
(hdr->ih_type != IH_TYPE_RAMDISK)) {
printf ("No Linux ARM Ramdisk Image\n");
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (-13);
do_reset (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);
}
/* Now check if we have a multifile image */
} else if ((hdr->ih_type == IH_TYPE_MULTI) && (len_ptr[1])) {
ulong tail = ntohl (len_ptr[0]) % 4;
int i;
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (13);
/* skip kernel length and terminator */
data = (ulong) (&len_ptr[2]);
/* skip any additional image length fields */
for (i = 1; len_ptr[i]; ++i)
data += 4;
/* add kernel length, and align */
data += ntohl (len_ptr[0]);
if (tail) {
data += 4 - tail;
}
len = ntohl (len_ptr[1]);
} else {
/* no initrd image */
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (14);
len = data = 0;
}
if (data) {
initrd_start = data;
initrd_end = initrd_start + len;
} else {
initrd_start = 0;
initrd_end = 0;
}
SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS (15);
debug ("## Transferring control to Linux (at address %08lx) ...\n",
(ulong) theKernel);
#if defined (CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS) || \
defined (CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG) || \
defined (CONFIG_INITRD_TAG) || \
defined (CONFIG_SERIAL_TAG) || \
defined (CONFIG_REVISION_TAG) || \
defined (CONFIG_LCD) || \
defined (CONFIG_VFD)
setup_start_tag (bd);
#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_TAG
setup_serial_tag (¶ms);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_REVISION_TAG
setup_revision_tag (¶ms);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS
setup_memory_tags (bd);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG
setup_commandline_tag (bd, commandline);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_INITRD_TAG
if (initrd_start && initrd_end)
setup_initrd_tag (bd, initrd_start, initrd_end);
#endif
setup_end_tag (bd);
#endif
/* we assume that the kernel is in place */
printf ("\nStarting kernel ...\n\n");
cleanup_before_linux ();
theKernel (0, bd->bi_arch_number, bd->bi_boot_params);
}
do_bootm_linux()函数是专门引导Linux映像的函数，它还可以处理ramdisk文件系统的映像。这里引导的内核映像和
ramdisk映像，必须是U-Boot格式的。U-Boot格式的映像可以通过mkimage工具来转换，其中包含了U-Boot可以识别的符号。
