1. 冒泡排序 Bubble Sort
冒泡排序的执行时间和空间复杂度: 平均情况与最差情况为O(n
2), 存储空间为O(1)。
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// test_manda.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
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//
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#include "stdafx.h"
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void budleSort(int *a, int n);
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void testSort(int *a, int len, void (*sort)(int*, int));
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int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
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{
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int a[] = {2, 1, 5, 6, 9, 6, 3};
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testSort(a, sizeof(a) / sizeof(int), budleSort);
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return 0;
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}
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void budleSort(int *a, int n) {
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if (NULL==a || n<=1)
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return;
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for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
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for (int j=1; j<n-i; j++) {
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if (a[j]<a[j-1]) {
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int temp = a[j];
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a[j] = a[j-1];
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a[j-1] = temp;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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void testSort(int *a, int len, void (*sort)(int*, int)) {
printf("Sort Before: ");
for (int i=0; i
printf("%d ", a[i]);
}
printf("\n");
sort(a, len);
printf("Sort After: ");
for (int i=0; i
printf("%d ", a[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
2. 选择排序 Selection Sort
选择排序
的执行时间和空间复杂度: 平均情况与最差情况为O(n2), 存储空间为O(1)。
简单而低效, 线性逐一扫描数组元素,从中选出最小的元素,将它移到最前面(也就是与最前面的元素交换)。然后再次线性扫描数组,找到第二小的元素,并且移到前面。如此反复,直到全部元素各归其位。
有一些优势,最多只需要(n-1)次交换,在数据元素的移动操作与比较操作相比开销更大的情况下,选择排序可能比其他算法更好。选择排序是一个原地排序算法,典型的排序算法不是稳定的。
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void selectionSort(int *a, int n) {
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if (NULL==a || n<=1)
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return;
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for (int i=0; i<n-1; i++) {
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int min=i; // find the smallest from index i;
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for (int j=i+1; j<n; j++) {
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if (a[j] < a[min])
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min = j;
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}
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if (min != i) { // swap
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int temp = a[min];
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a[min] = a[i];
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a[i] = temp;
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}
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}
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}
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// Method 2
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void swap(int *a, int index1, int index2) {
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if (index1 != index2) {
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int tmp = a[index1];
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a[index1] = a[index2];
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a[index2] = tmp;
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}
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}
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// Find the position of minimum value at the start from
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int findMinimum(int *a, int start, int len) {
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int minPos = start;
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for (int i=start+1; i<len; i++) {
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if (a[i] < a[minPos])
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minPos = i;
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}
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return start;
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}
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// Start a subset of the array starting at the given index
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void selectionSort(int *a, int start, int len) {
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if (start < len-1) {
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swap(a, start, findMinimum(a, start, len));
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selectionSort(a, start+1, len);
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}
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}
3. 归并排序 Merge Sort
归并排序的执行时间和空间复杂度: 平均情况与最差情况为O(nlog(n)), 存储空间看情况而定。
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// Lpos = start of left half, Rpos = start of right half
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void merge(int a[], int tmpArray[], int Lpos, int Rpos, int RightEnd) {
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int LeftEnd = Rpos - 1;
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int NumElement = RightEnd - Lpos + 1;
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int TmpPos = Lpos;
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while (Lpos<=LeftEnd && Rpos<=RightEnd) {
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if (a[Lpos]<=a[Rpos])
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tmpArray[TmpPos++] = a[Lpos++];
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else
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tmpArray[TmpPos++] = a[Rpos++];
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}
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while (Lpos<=LeftEnd)
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tmpArray[TmpPos++] = a[Lpos++];
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while (Rpos<=RightEnd)
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tmpArray[TmpPos++] = a[Rpos++];
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// copy tmpArray back
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for (int i=0; i<NumElement; i++, RightEnd--)
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a[RightEnd] = tmpArray[RightEnd];
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}
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void mergeSort(int *a, int tmpArray[], int Left, int Right) {
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if (Left < Right) {
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int Center = (Left + Right) / 2;
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mergeSort(a, tmpArray, Left, Center);
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mergeSort(a, tmpArray, Center+1, Right);
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merge(a, tmpArray, Left, Center+1, Right);
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}
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}
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void mergeSort(int *a, int len) {
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int tmpArray = new [sizeof(int) * len];
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if (NULL != tmpArray) {
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mergeSort(a, tmpArray, 0, len -1);
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delete []tmpArray;
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} else
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printf("alloc error\n");
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}
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