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分类: LINUX

2011-03-06 13:25:30

背景:
        随着你的网站业务量的增长你网站的服务器压力越来越大?需要负载均衡方案!商业的硬件如F5又太贵,你们又是创业型互联公司如何有效节约成本,节省不必要的浪费?同时实现商业硬件一样的高性能高可用的功能?有什么好的负载均衡可伸张可扩展的方案吗?答案是肯定的!有!我们利用 LVS+Keepalived基于完整开源软件的架构可以为你提供一个负载均衡及高可用的服务器。

LVS+Keepalived 介绍
LVS
        LVS是Linux Virtual Server的简写,意即Linux虚拟服务器,是一个虚拟的服务器集群系统。本项目在1998年5月由章文嵩博士成立,是中国国内最早出现的自由软件项目之一.目前有三种IP负载均衡技术(VS/NAT、VS/TUN和VS/DR);
八种调度算法(rr,wrr,lc,wlc,lblc,lblcr,dh,sh)。

Keepalvied
        Keepalived在这里主要用作RealServer的健康状态检查以及LoadBalance主机和BackUP主机之间failover的实现
二. 网站负载均衡构架图 
 

IP信息列表:
名称                    IP
LVS-DR-Master        61.164.122.6       
LVS-DR-BACKUP        61.164.122.7       
LVS-DR-VIP           61.164.122.8       
WEB1-Realserver      61.164.122.9       
WEB2-Realserver      61.164.122.10       
GateWay              61.164.122.1 
三. 安装LVS和Keepalvied软件包
1. 下载相关软件包
Java代码 复制代码
  1. #mkdir /usr/local/src/lvs   
  2. #cd /usr/local/src/lvs   
  3. #wget http://   
  4. #wget http://  
#mkdir /usr/local/src/lvs #cd /usr/local/src/lvs #wget http:// #wget http://
2.安装LVS和Keepalived
Java代码 复制代码
  1. #lsmod |grep ip_vs   
  2. #uname -r   
  3. 2.6.18-53.el5PAE   
  4. #ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-53.el5PAE-i686/  /usr/src/linux   
  5.   
  6. #tar zxvf ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz   
  7. #cd ipvsadm-1.24  
  8. #make && make install   
  9. #find / -name ipvsadm  # 查看ipvsadm的位置   
  10.   
  11.  #tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz   
  12. #cd keepalived-1.1.15  
  13. #./configure  && make && make install   
  14. #find / -name keepalived  # 查看keepalived位置                   
  15.   
  16.  #cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/   
  17. #cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/   
  18. #mkdir /etc/keepalived   
  19. #cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/   
  20. #cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/   
  21. #service keepalived start|stop     #做成系统启动服务方便管理.  
#lsmod |grep ip_vs #uname -r 2.6.18-53.el5PAE #ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-53.el5PAE-i686/ /usr/src/linux #tar zxvf ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz #cd ipvsadm-1.24 #make && make install #find / -name ipvsadm # 查看ipvsadm的位置 #tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz #cd keepalived-1.1.15 #./configure && make && make install #find / -name keepalived # 查看keepalived位置 #cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/ #cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ #mkdir /etc/keepalived #cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ #cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ #service keepalived start|stop #做成系统启动服务方便管理.
四. 配置LVS实现负载均衡
  1. LVS-DR,配置LVS脚本实现负载均衡
Java代码 复制代码
  1. #vi /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh   
  2. #!/bin/bash   
  3.   # description: start LVS of DirectorServer   
  4.   #Written by :NetSeek http://   
  5.      
  6.   GW=61.164.122.1  
  7.   # website director vip.   
  8.   SNS_VIP=61.164.122.8  
  9.   SNS_RIP1=61.164.122.9  
  10.   SNS_RIP2=61.164.122.10  
  11.   
  12.   ./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions   
  13.   
  14.   logger $0 called with $1  
  15.   
  16.   case "$1" in   
  17.   
  18.   start)   
  19.      # set squid vip   
  20.      /sbin/ipvsadm --set 30 5 60  
  21.              /sbin/ifconfig eth0:0 $SNS_VIP broadcast $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255  
  22.   broadcast $SNS_VIP up   
  23.      /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev eth0:0  
  24.      /sbin/ipvsadm -A -t $SNS_VIP:80 -s wrr -p 3  
  25.      /sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $SNS_VIP:80 -r $SNS_RIP1:80 -g -w 1  
  26.      /sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $SNS_VIP:80 -r $SNS_RIP2:80 -g -w 1  
  27.      touch /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm >/dev/null 2>&1  
  28.   
  29.  ;;   
  30.   stop)   
  31.      /sbin/ipvsadm -C   
  32.      /sbin/ipvsadm -Z   
  33.      ifconfig eth0:0 down   
  34.      ifconfig eth0:1 down   
  35.      route del $SNS_VIP   
  36.      route del $SS_VIP   
  37.      rm -rf /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm >/dev/null 2>&1  
  38.      echo "ipvsadm stoped"  
  39.      ;;   
  40.   
  41.   status)   
  42.   
  43.      if [ ! -e /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm ];then   
  44.           echo "ipvsadm stoped"  
  45.           exit 1  
  46.      else  
  47.           echo "ipvsadm OK"  
  48.      fi   
  49.      ;;   
  50.   
  51.   *)   
  52.     echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}"  
  53.      exit 1  
  54.   esac   
  55.   exit 0  
#vi /usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh #!/bin/bash # description: start LVS of DirectorServer #Written by :NetSeek http:// GW=61.164.122.1 # website director vip. SNS_VIP=61.164.122.8 SNS_RIP1=61.164.122.9 SNS_RIP2=61.164.122.10 ./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions logger $0 called with $1 case "$1" in start) # set squid vip /sbin/ipvsadm --set 30 5 60 /sbin/ifconfig eth0:0 $SNS_VIP broadcast $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP up /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev eth0:0 /sbin/ipvsadm -A -t $SNS_VIP:80 -s wrr -p 3 /sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $SNS_VIP:80 -r $SNS_RIP1:80 -g -w 1 /sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $SNS_VIP:80 -r $SNS_RIP2:80 -g -w 1 touch /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm >/dev/null 2>&1 ;; stop) /sbin/ipvsadm -C /sbin/ipvsadm -Z ifconfig eth0:0 down ifconfig eth0:1 down route del $SNS_VIP route del $SS_VIP rm -rf /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm >/dev/null 2>&1 echo "ipvsadm stoped" ;; status) if [ ! -e /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm ];then echo "ipvsadm stoped" exit 1 else echo "ipvsadm OK" fi ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}" exit 1 esac exit 0
2. 配置Realserver脚本.
Java代码 复制代码
  1. #vi /usr/local/sbin/realserver.sh   
  2. #!/bin/bash   
  3. # description: Config realserver lo and apply noarp    
  4. #Written by :NetSeek http://   
  5.   
  6. SNS_VIP=61.164.122.8  
  7.     
  8. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions   
  9.     
  10. case "$1" in   
  11. start)   
  12.        ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP   
  13.        /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0  
  14.        echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore   
  15.        echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce   
  16.        echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore   
  17.        echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce   
  18.        sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1  
  19.        echo "RealServer Start OK"  
  20.     
  21.        ;;   
  22. stop)   
  23.        ifconfig lo:0 down   
  24.        route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1  
  25.        echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore   
  26.        echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce   
  27.        echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore   
  28.        echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce   
  29.        echo "RealServer Stoped"  
  30.        ;;   
  31. *)   
  32.        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"  
  33.        exit 1  
  34. esac   
  35.     
  36. exit 0  
#vi /usr/local/sbin/realserver.sh #!/bin/bash # description: Config realserver lo and apply noarp #Written by :NetSeek http:// SNS_VIP=61.164.122.8 . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions case "$1" in start) ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0 echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1 echo "RealServer Start OK" ;; stop) ifconfig lo:0 down route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1 echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce echo "RealServer Stoped" ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" exit 1 esac exit 0
或者采用secondary ip address方式配置

Java代码 复制代码
  1. # vi /etc/sysctl.conf   
  2.   
  3. net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1  
  4. net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2  
  5. net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1  
  6. net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2  
  7.   
  8. #sysctl –p   
  9. #ip addr add 61.164.122.8/32 dev lo   
  10. #ip add list 查看是否绑定  
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1 net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2 #sysctl –p #ip addr add 61.164.122.8/32 dev lo #ip add list 查看是否绑定
3. 启动lvs-dr脚本和realserver启本,在DR上可以查看LVS当前状态:
Java代码 复制代码
  1. #watch ipvsadm –ln  
#watch ipvsadm –ln

五.利用Keepalvied实现负载均衡和和高可用性
  1.配置在主负载均衡服务器上配置keepalived.conf
Java代码 复制代码
  1. #vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  
#vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
Java代码 复制代码
  1. ! Configuration File for keepalived   
  2.   
  3. global_defs {   
  4.    notification_email {   
  5.          cnseek@gmail.com   
  6.    }   
  7.    notification_email_from sns-lvs@gmail.com   
  8.    smtp_server 127.0.0.1  
  9.   # smtp_connect_timeout 30  
  10.    router_id LVS_DEVEL   
  11. }   
  12.   
  13. 20081013 written by :netseek   
  14. # VIP1   
  15. vrrp_instance VI_1 {   
  16.     state MASTER             #备份服务器上将MASTER改为BACKUP      
  17.     interface eth0   
  18.     virtual_router_id 51  
  19.     priority 100    # 备份服务上将100改为99  
  20.     advert_int 1  
  21.     authentication {   
  22.         auth_type PASS   
  23.         auth_pass 1111  
  24.     }   
  25.     virtual_ipaddress {   
  26.         61.164.122.8      
  27.         #(如果有多个VIP,继续换行填写.)   
  28.     }   
  29. }   
  30.   
  31. virtual_server 61.164.122.8 80 {   
  32.     delay_loop 6                  #(每隔10秒查询realserver状态)   
  33.     lb_algo wrr                  #(lvs 算法)   
  34.     lb_kind DR                  #(Direct Route)   
  35.     persistence_timeout 60        #(同一IP的连接60秒内被分配到同一台realserver)   
  36.     protocol TCP                #(用TCP协议检查realserver状态)   
  37.   
  38.     real_server 61.164.122.9 80 {   
  39.         weight 3               #(权重)   
  40.         TCP_CHECK {   
  41.         connect_timeout 10       #(10秒无响应超时)   
  42.         nb_get_retry 3  
  43.         delay_before_retry 3  
  44.         connect_port 80  
  45.         }   
  46.     }   
  47.     real_server 61.164.122.10 80 {   
  48.         weight 3  
  49.         TCP_CHECK {   
  50.         connect_timeout 10  
  51.         nb_get_retry 3  
  52.         delay_before_retry 3  
  53.         connect_port 80  
  54.         }   
  55.      }   
  56. }  
! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { cnseek@gmail.com } notification_email_from sns-lvs@gmail.com smtp_server 127.0.0.1 # smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } # 20081013 written by :netseek # VIP1 vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER #备份服务器上将MASTER改为BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 # 备份服务上将100改为99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 61.164.122.8 #(如果有多个VIP,继续换行填写.) } } virtual_server 61.164.122.8 80 { delay_loop 6 #(每隔10秒查询realserver状态) lb_algo wrr #(lvs 算法) lb_kind DR #(Direct Route) persistence_timeout 60 #(同一IP的连接60秒内被分配到同一台realserver) protocol TCP #(用TCP协议检查realserver状态) real_server 61.164.122.9 80 { weight 3 #(权重) TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 #(10秒无响应超时) nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 61.164.122.10 80 { weight 3 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } }
2. BACKUP服务器同上配置,先安装lvs再按装keepalived,仍后配置/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf,只需将红色标示的部分改一下即可.
3.
Java代码 复制代码
  1.   
  2. vi /etc/rc.local   
  3. #/usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh  将lvs-dr.sh这个脚本注释掉。步   
  4. #/usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh stop 停止lvs-dr脚本   
  5. #/etc/init.d/keepalived start  启动keepalived 服务,keepalived就能利用  
vi /etc/rc.local #/usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh 将lvs-dr.sh这个脚本注释掉。步 #/usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh stop 停止lvs-dr脚本 #/etc/init.d/keepalived start 启动keepalived 服务,keepalived就能利用keepalived.conf 配置文件,实现负载均衡和高可用.

4. 查看lvs服务是否正常
Java代码 复制代码
  1. #watch ipvsadm –ln  
#watch ipvsadm –ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddressort Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddressort           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  61.164.122.8:80 wrr persistent 60
  -> 61.164.122.10:80            Route   3      0          0
  -> 61.164.122.9:80             Route   3      0          0
Java代码 复制代码
  1. #tail –f /var/log/message  
#tail –f /var/log/message  监听日志,查看状态,测试LVS负载均衡及高可用性是否有效。

5.停Master服务器的keepalived服务,查看BAKCUP服务器是否能正常接管服务。
四.相关参考
  1.LVS 基础知识汇总
LVS的算法介绍              
学习LVS的三种转发模式      
LVS中的IP负载均衡技术      
更多的请到 负载均衡版查看

Keepalived 相关参考资料。
   http://www.keepalived.org/documentation.html
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