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2009-04-20 20:06:56

6、EAX=2:高速缓存描述符(Cache Descriptor)

    mov eax, 2
    cpuid

    执行完CPUID指令后,高速缓存描述符和TLB(Translation Lookable Buffer)特性将在EAX、EBX、ECX和EDX中返回,每个寄存器中的4个字节分别表示4个描述符,描述符中不同的值表示不同的含义(后面有定 义),其中EAX中的最低8位(AL)的值表示要得到完整的高速缓存的信息,需要执行EAX=2的CPUID指令的次数(一般都为1,在我这里的数台机器 里,还没有为2的),同时,寄存器的最高位(bit 31)为0,表示该寄存器中的描述符是有效的,下面是描述符值的定义(资料来源与Intel):

    Value   Cache or TLB Descriptor Description
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     00h    Null
     01h    Instruction TLB: 4-KB Pages, 4-way set associative, 32 entries
     02h    Instruction TLB: 4-MB Pages, fully associative, 2 entries
     03h    Data TLB: 4-KB Pages, 4-way set associative, 64 entries
     04h    Data TLB: 4-MB Pages, 4-way set associative, 8 entries
     05h    Data TLB: 4-MB Pages, 4-way set associative, 32 entries
     06h   1st-level instruction cache: 8-KB, 4-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     08h   1st-level instruction cache: 16-KB, 4-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     09h   1st-level Instruction Cache: 32-KB, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     0Ah   1st-level data cache: 8-KB, 2-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     0Ch   1st-level data cache: 16-KB, 4-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     0Dh   1st-level Data Cache: 16-KB, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size, ECC
     21h   256-KB L2 (MLC), 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     22h   3rd-level cache: 512-KB, 4-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     23h   3rd-level cache: 1-MB, 8-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     25h   3rd-level cache: 2-MB, 8-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     29h   3rd-level cache: 4-MB, 8-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     2Ch   1st-level data cache: 32-KB, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     30h   1st-level instruction cache: 32-KB, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     39h   2nd-level cache: 128-KB, 4-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     3Ah   2nd-level cache: 192-KB, 6-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     3Bh   2nd-level cache: 128-KB, 2-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     3Ch   2nd-level cache: 256-KB, 4-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     3Dh   2nd-level cache: 384-KB, 6-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     3Eh   2nd-level cache: 512-KB, 4-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     40h   No 2nd-level cache or, if processor contains a valid 2nd-level cache, no 3rd-level cache
     41h   2nd-level cache: 128-KB, 4-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     42h   2nd-level cache: 256-KB, 4-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     43h   2nd-level cache: 512-KB, 4-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     44h   2nd-level cache: 1-MB, 4-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     45h   2nd-level cache: 2-MB, 4-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     46h   3rd-level cache: 4-MB, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     47h   3rd-level cache: 8-MB, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     48h   2nd-level cache: 3-MB, 12-way set associative, 64-byte line size, unified on-die
     49h   3rd-level cache: 4-MB, 16-way set associative, 64-byte line size(Intel Xeon
           processor MP, Family 0Fh, Model 06h) 2nd-level cache: 4-MB, 16-way set associative,
           64-byte line size
     4Ah   3rd-level cache: 6-MB, 12-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     4Bh   3rd-level cache: 8-MB, 16-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     4Ch   3rd-level cache: 12-MB, 12-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     4Dh   3rd-level cache: 16-MB, 16-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     4Eh   2nd-level cache: 6-MB, 24-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     50h   Instruction TLB: 4-KB, 2-MB or 4-MB pages, fully associative, 64 entries
     51h   Instruction TLB: 4-KB, 2-MB or 4-MB pages, fully associative, 128 entries
     52h   Instruction TLB: 4-KB, 2-MB or 4-MB pages, fully associative, 256 entries
     55h   Instruction TLB: 2-MB or 4-MB pages, fully associative, 7 entries
     56h   L1 Data TLB: 4-MB pages, 4-way set associative, 16 entries
     57h   L1 Data TLB: 4-KB pages, 4-way set associative, 16 entries
     5Ah   Data TLB0: 2-MB or 4-MB pages, 4-way associative, 32 entries
     5Bh   Data TLB: 4-KB or 4-MB pages, fully associative, 64 entries
     5Ch   Data TLB: 4-KB or 4-MB pages, fully associative, 128 entries
     5Dh   Data TLB: 4-KB or 4-MB pages, fully associative, 256 entries
     60h   1st-level data cache: 16-KB, 8-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     66h   1st-level data cache: 8-KB, 4-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     67h   1st-level data cache: 16-KB, 4-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     68h   1st-level data cache: 32-KB, 4 way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     70h   Trace cache: 12K-uops, 8-way set associative
     71h   Trace cache: 16K-uops, 8-way set associative
     72h   Trace cache: 32K-uops, 8-way set associative
     73h   Trace cache: 64K-uops, 8-way set associative
     78h   2nd-level cache: 1-MB, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     79h   2nd-level cache: 128-KB, 8-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     7Ah   2nd-level cache: 256-KB, 8-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     7Bh   2nd-level cache: 512-KB, 8-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     7Ch   2nd-level cache: 1-MB, 8-way set associative, sectored cache, 64-byte line size
     7Dh   2nd-level cache: 2-MB, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     7Fh   2nd-level cache: 512-KB, 2-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     82h   2nd-level cache: 256-KB, 8-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     83h   2nd-level cache: 512-KB, 8-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     84h   2nd-level cache: 1-MB, 8-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     85h   2nd-level cache: 2-MB, 8-way set associative, 32-byte line size
     86h   2nd-level cache: 512-KB, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     87h   2nd-level cache: 1-MB, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     B0h   Instruction TLB: 4-KB Pages, 4-way set associative, 128 entries
     B1h   Instruction TLB: 2-MB pages, 4-way, 8 entries or 4M pages, 4-way, 4 entries
     B2h   Instruction TLB: 4-KB pages, 4-way set associative, 64 entries
     B3h   Data TLB: 4-KB Pages, 4-way set associative, 128 entries
     B4h   Data TLB: 4-KB Pages, 4-way set associative, 256 entries
     CAh   Shared 2nd-level TLB: 4 KB pages, 4-way set associative, 512 entries
     D0h   512KB L3 Cache, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     D1h   1-MB L3 Cache, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     D2h   2-MB L3 Cache, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     D6h   1-MB L3 Cache, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     D7h   2-MB L3 Cache, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     D8h   4-MB L3 Cache, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     DCh   2-MB L3 Cache, 12-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     DDh   4-MB L3 Cache, 12-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     DEh   8-MB L3 Cache, 12-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     E2h   2-MB L3 Cache, 16-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     E3h   4-MB L3 Cache, 16-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     E4h   8-MB L3 Cache, 16-way set associative, 64-byte line size
     F0h   64-byte Prefetching
     F1h   128-byte Prefetching

     举例来说,在我的机器上执行记过如下:

Intel CPU的CPUID指令(二) - whowin - DOS编程技术

     EAX、EBX、ECX和EDX的bit 31均为0,说明其中的描述符均有效,EAX中的低8位(AL)为1,说明执行一次即可,下面是描述符含义:

    05h:Data TLB: 4-MB Pages, 4-way set associative, 32 entries
    B0h:Instruction TLB: 4-KB Pages, 4-way set associative, 128 entries
    B1h:Instruction TLB: 2-MB pages, 4-way, 8 entries or 4M pages, 4-way, 4 entries
   
    56h:L1 Data TLB: 4-MB pages, 4-way set associative, 16 entries
    57h:L1 Data TLB: 4-KB pages, 4-way set associative, 16 entries
    F0h:64-byte Prefetching

    2Ch:1st-level data cache: 32-KB, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
    B4h:Data TLB: 4-KB Pages, 4-way set associative, 256 entries
    30h:1st-level instruction cache: 32-KB, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size
    7Dh:2nd-level cache: 2-MB, 8-way set associative, 64-byte line size

7、EAX=3:处理器序列号

    mov eax,3
    cpuid

    只有Pentium III提供该功能,486以后的CPU就不再提供该功能,据说是出于隐私的原因。查看你的处理器是否支持处理器序列号功能,可以执行EAX=1的 CPUID指令,然后查看EDX的PSN功能(bit 18),如果为1,说明你的处理器可以返回序列号,否则不支持序列号功能或者是序列号功能被关闭了。

    处理器序列号一共96位,最高32位就是处理器签名,通过执行EAX=1的CPUID指令获得,其余的64位在执行EAX=3的CPUID指令后,中间32位在EDX中,最低32位在ECX中。

    顺便提一句,AMD所有的CPU都没有提供过处理器序列号的功能。

 

    CPUID指令的基本信息,其实后面还有好几个,不过我在我这里的机器(大概有7、8台吧),好像都不支持,大多数只支持EAX=0、1、2三个,所以后面的就不介绍了。

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