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分类: Mysql/postgreSQL
2017-09-12 11:18:11
业务有时会遇到表中的字符型字段的长度不够用的问题,需要修改表定义。但是表里的数据已经很多了,修改字段长度会不会造成应用堵塞呢?
做了个小测试,如下
建表并插入1000w数据
postgres=# create table tbx1(id int,c1 char(10),c2 varchar(10)); CREATE TABLE postgres=# insert into tbx1 select id ,'aaaaa','aaaaa' from generate_series(1,10000000) id; INSERT 0 10000000
变更varchar类型长度
postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c2 type varchar(100); ALTER TABLE Time: 1.873 ms postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c2 type varchar(99); ALTER TABLE Time: 12815.678 ms postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c2 type varchar(4); ERROR: value too long for type character varying(4) Time: 5.328 ms
变更char类型长度
postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c1 type char(100); ALTER TABLE Time: 35429.282 ms postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c1 type char(6); ALTER TABLE Time: 20004.198 ms postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c1 type char(4); ERROR: value too long for type character(4) Time: 4.671 ms
变更char类型,varchar和text类型互转
alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c1 type varchar(6); ALTER TABLE Time: 18880.369 ms postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c1 type text; ALTER TABLE Time: 12.691 ms postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c1 type varchar(20); ALTER TABLE Time: 32846.016 ms postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c1 type char(20); ALTER TABLE Time: 39796.784 ms postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c1 type text; ALTER TABLE Time: 32091.025 ms postgres=# alter table tbx1 alter COLUMN c1 type char(20); ALTER TABLE Time: 26031.344 ms
定义变更后,数据位置未变,即没有产生新的tuple
postgres=# select ctid,id from tbx1 limit 5; ctid | id -------+---- (0,1) | 1 (0,2) | 2 (0,3) | 3 (0,4) | 4 (0,5) | 5 (5 rows)
除varchar扩容以外的定义变更,每个tuple产生一条WAL记录
$ pg_xlogdump -f -s 3/BE002088 -n 5 rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 3/ 181, tx: 1733, lsn: 3/BE002088, prev 3/BE001FB8, desc: INSERT off 38, blkref #0: rel 1663/13269/16823 blk 58358 rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 3/ 181, tx: 1733, lsn: 3/BE002140, prev 3/BE002088, desc: INSERT off 39, blkref #0: rel 1663/13269/16823 blk 58358 rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 3/ 181, tx: 1733, lsn: 3/BE0021F8, prev 3/BE002140, desc: INSERT off 40, blkref #0: rel 1663/13269/16823 blk 58358 rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 3/ 181, tx: 1733, lsn: 3/BE0022B0, prev 3/BE0021F8, desc: INSERT off 41, blkref #0: rel 1663/13269/16823 blk 58358 rmgr: Heap len (rec/tot): 3/ 181, tx: 1733, lsn: 3/BE002368, prev 3/BE0022B0, desc: INSERT off 42, blkref #0: rel 1663/13269/16823 blk 58358