分类: LINUX
2009-12-30 11:16:01
一、制作安装光盘镜像文件
可以在windows平台上用光盘镜像制作工具完成ISO镜像的制作,各个ISO文件须按光盘的前后次序顺序命名:比如 as4.0_1.ISO, as4.0_2.ISO, as4.0_3.ISO, as4.0_4.ISO,然后用SSH工具上传到服务器系统中,以实现镜像安装时自动顺序加载。
LinuxAs4.0的四个镜像文件存放在的目录为:/os/linux/as4.0_i386
二、NFS导出镜像存储目录
1. vi /etc/exports #打开文件exports,此文件不存在,则新建
2. 在exports中添加如下内容(以#开头的文字为说明文字,可不添加到exports文件中):
/os/linux *(ro, sync, all_squash) #导出共享目录/os/linux
#访问方式:ro, 只读;sync, 与硬盘同步;
# all_squash, 所有网络访问用户,更改为nobody
#的权限
3. 保存exports 文件,退出vi.
4. exportfs –a #导出网络共享目录
三、配置DHCP服务
1. vi /etc/dhcpd.conf
#新建文件,此文件也可把/usr/share/doc/dhcp-
2. 更改dchpd.conf 文件如下:
option space PXE;
option PXE.mtftp-ip code 1 = ip-address;
option PXE.mtftp-cport code 2 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-sport code 3 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-tmout code 4 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.mtftp-delay code 5 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.discovery-control code 6 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.discovery-mcast-addr code 7 = ip-address;
class "pxeclients" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
option vendor-class-identifier "PXEClient";
vendor-option-space PXE;
# At least one of the vendor-specific PXE options must be set in
# order for the client boot ROMs to realize that we are a PXE-compliant
# server. We set the MCAST IP address to
# that we can't provide multicast TFTP (address
# address).
option PXE.mtftp-i
# This is the name of the file the boot ROMs should download.
filename "linux-install/pxelinux.0";
# This is the name of the server they should get it from.
next-server 192.168.1.2;
}
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
# --- default gateway
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option nis-domain "chaoyi.org";
option domain-name "chaoyi.org";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time
# option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1;
# option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless
# -- you understand Netbios very well
# option netbios-node-type 2;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 9943200;
# we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address
#如果需为某块网卡绑定IP,取消下面的注释标记#,并作相应修改
# host ns {
# next-server marvin.redhat.com;
# hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD;
# fixed-address 207.175.42.254;
# }
}
3. 保存dchpd.conf,退出vi
四、配置tftp服务
1. vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp;
2. 修改tftp为如下:
service tftp
{
disable = no
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -u nobody -s /tftpboot
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
3. 保存tftp, 退出vi
五、配置PXE
1. mkdir –p /tftpboot/linux-install
2. cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/linux-install/
3. cd /tftpboot/linux-install/
4. mkdir msgs
5. 将第一张安装光盘上isolinux目录下的所有扩展名为msg的文件复制到msgs目录下;
6. cd msgs
7. vi boot.msg
8. 修改boot.msg文件如下:
Enter number of the Operation System you wish to install:
0 Local OS restart
1 Redhat AS 4.0 i386
[F1-Main] [F2-General] [F3-Expert] [F4-Kernel] [F5-Rescue] [F7-Snake]
9. 保存boot.msg, 退出 vi
10. cd ..
11. mkdir linux
12. cd linux
13. mkdir as4.0_i386
14. 将第一张安装光盘上image/pxeboot目录下的四个文件(initrd.img、vmlinuz、TRANS.TBL、README)复制到新建的as4.0_i386目录下(也可只复制initrd.img 和vmlinuz两个文件)
六、配置PXE系统选择配置文件default
1. cd /tftpboot/linux-install
2. mkdir pxelinux.cfg
3. cd pxelinux.cfg
4. vi default
#以下为default文件内容:
default local
timeout 10000
prompt 1
display msgs/boot.msg
F1 msgs/boot.msg
F2 msgs/general.msg
F3 msgs/expert.msg
F4 msgs/param.msg
F5 msgs/rescue.msg
F7 msgs/snake.msg
label local
localboot 1
label 0
localboot 1
label 1
kernel linux/as4.0_i386/vmlinuz
append initrd=linux/as4.0_i386/initrd.imgks=nfs:192.168.1.2:/os/linux/kickstart/ as4.0_i386/ks.cfg ramdisk_size=10000 #append 和ramdisk_size=10000是同一行的
# 内容,不分行。
5. 保存default, 退出vi
七、配置kickstart文件
1. cd /os/linux/
2. mkdir –p kickstart/as4.0_i386
3. vi ks.cfg
#以下是ks.cfg文件内容
nfs --server=192.168.1.2 --dir=/os/linux/ As4.0_i386
4. 保存ks.cfg,退出vi
八、启动有关服务
1. service nfs restart
2. service dhcpd restart
3. chkconfig dhcpd on
4. /sbin/chkconfig --level 345 xinetd on
5. /sbin/chkconfig --level 345 tftp on
#该命令配置 tftp 和 xinetd 服务被立即启用,还把配置它们在运行级别3、4和5的引导期#间启动
九、PXE网络安装测试
将要从网络安装linux 的计算机在CMOS 中设为从LAN 或PXE 启动,就可以进行网络安装了。(测试用电脑为acer 的TravelMate 230, 在启动时按F12, 选5.Realtek Boot Agent)
首先计算机获取IP地址,然后会进入如下操作系统选择界面:
Enter number of the Operation System you wish to install:
0 Local OS restart
1 Redhat AS 4.0 i386
[F1-Main] [F2-General] [F3-Expert] [F4-Kernel] [F5-Rescue] [F7-Snake]
在提示符后可以输入通过光盘安装时相同的命令:只是需用编号来代替linux, 比如:1; 1 dd ;1 text 。
以上面的方法为模板,还可以制作多个linux版本的选择安装网络服务器。只需做如下工作(以增加redhat As4.2为例):
1. mkdir /os/linux/As4.2_i386
2. 复制各镜像文件到As4.2_i386目录下
3. 在boot.msg中添加行:2 Redhat AS 4.2 i386
4. mkdir /tftpboot/linux-install/linux/as4.2_i386
5. 将第一张安装光盘上image/pxeboot目录下的四个文件(initrd.img、vmlinuz、TRANS.TBL、README)复制到新建的as4.2_i386目录下
6. 在default文件中添加如下内容:
label 2
kernel linux/as4.2_i386/vmlinuz
append initrd=linux/as4.2_i386/initrd.imgks=nfs:192.168.1.2:/os/linux/kickstart/ as4.2_i386/ks.cfg ramdisk_size=10000
7. mkdir –p /os/linux/kickstart/as4.2_i386
8. cd /os/linux/kickstart/as4.2_i386/
9. vi ks.cfg
#ks.cfg内容为:
nfs --server=192.168.1.2 --dir=/os/linux/ As4.2_i386