或透过网站: linux Documentation Project Web Server,网页: Shadow-Password-HOWTO 或与我联络: . 亦可透过新闻群组张贴: comp.os.linux.answers
这些文件现在已经包於 Shadow-YYDDMM 套件中。
1.3 回覆
请将任何评语、修改或建议寄至: Michael H. Jackson 我会尽快回覆并更正该文件。如果你发现任何问题,请直接 email 给我,我会将此最新技术张贴於新闻群组。
2、为何shadow你的passwd档?
大部分目前 linux 发行版本预设值并未包含Shadow Suite 安装。这些版本包括 Slackware 2.3, Slackware 3.0 和其他受欢迎的发行版本。主要原因之一是在原始Shadow Suite版权声明中并未很清楚的描述该软体是否需使用者付费。 Linux 使用 GNU 版权通常允续使用者可免费且任意使用相关套件。
使用者全名 - 事实上这个栏位称作 GECOS (General Electric Comprehensive Operating System) 栏位且可以储存全名外的资讯。Shadow commands and manual pages refer to this field as the comment field.
"crypt 是密码加密方程式。 It is based on the Data Encryption Standard algorithm with variations intended (among other things) to discourage use of hardware implementations of a key search.
[The] key 是使用者输入的密码。 [编码字串全是 NULLs]
[The] salt 是从 [a-zA-Z0-9./] 集合中选出的两个位元字串。该字串是用於扰乱在 4096 种不同方法之一个演算法。
"Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C"
by Bruce Schneier
ISBN: 0-471-59756-2
3、取得 Shadow Suite
3.1 Shadow Suite for linux 的历史(暂不翻译)
3.2 History of the Shadow Suite for linux
DO NOT USE THE PACKAGES IN THIS SECTION, THEY HAVE SECURITY PROBLEMS
The original Shadow Suite was written by John F. Haugh II.
There are several versions that have been used on linux systems:
shadow-3.3.1 is the original.
shadow-3.3.1-2 is linux specific patch made by Florian La Roche and contains some further enhancements.
shadow-mk was specifically packaged for linux.
The shadow-mk package contains the shadow-3.3.1 package distributed by John F. Haugh II with the shadow-3.3.1-2 patch installed, a few fixes made by Mohan Kokal that make installation a lot easier, a patch by Joseph R.M. Zbiciak for login1.c (login.secure) that eliminates the -f, -h security holes in /bin/login, and some other miscellaneous patches.
The shadow.mk package was the previously recommended package, but should be replaced due to a security problem with the login program.
There are security problems with Shadow versions 3.3.1, 3.3.1-2, and shadow-mk involving the login program. This login bug involves not checking the length of a login name. This causes the buffer to overflow causing crashes or worse. It has been rumored that this buffer overflow can allow someone with an account on the system to use this bug and the shared libraries to gain root access. I won't discuss exactly how this is possible because there are a lot of linux systems that are affected, but systems with these Shadow Suites installed, and most pre-ELF distributions without the Shadow Suite are vulnerable!
For more information on this and other linux security issues, see the Linux Security home page (Shared Libraries and login Program Vulnerability)