第一种方法:系统还可以启动到配置模式时
使用copy tftp flash即可升级
第二种方法:IOS被删除后的恢复
如果因为误操作将FLASH中的IOS删除了,原IOS中的大部分命令都无法具体的过程如下,那么ROUTER将进入ROM使用。此时,可以通过TFTP服务器向中存储的基本IOS模式,在这种模式下ROUTER传输IOS,使系统得已恢复。其在一台机器上安装TFTP服务器软件,将IOS文件放置在TFTP服务器的默认根目录下,打开TFTP服务器,用控制线将这台机器与ROUTER连接起来,另外用交叉网线连接机器的网卡和ROUTER的以太口。(也可以用普通的网线将ROUTER和交换机相连再连接机器)做好以上工作后,打开机器的超级终端工具,连接上ROUTER,此时窗口中出现的命令行提示符为: ROMMON 1 > (其中“1”代表命令行的行数)。在提示符后输入命令:(可以使用ctrl+break组合键进入ROMMON模式)
ROMMON 1 >IP_ADDRESS= ROUTER的IP地址(要和TFTP服务器在同一网段内)
ROMMON 2 >IP_SUBNET_MASK= ROUTER的子网掩码
ROMMON 3 >DEFAUT_GATEWAY= 默认网关地址 (可以没有,也可以是TFTP服务器)
ROMMON 4 >TFTP_SERVER= TFTP 服务器IP地址
ROMMON 5 >TFTP_FILE= IOS文件名(只给出文件名,不需要路径)
ROMMON 6 >tftpdnld 回车
注意:前面的几条命令必须使用大写,而最后的tftpdnld则要用小写。
在tftpdnld命令执行后,只行下,输入reset重启ROUTER,要根据提示选,就可完成文件的传重启后就又回到了熟悉的IOS模式下输。当文件传输完后,将自动回到命令甚至连以前配置的信息都不会丢失。
第三种方法:通过Xmodem升级2610的IOS实例
如果你不小心使用了命令erase flash 那么发生什么就可想而知了。因此,建议在你拿到路由器等网络设备时 最好先将它的IOS等操作系统备份出来,以备万一!
本篇主要介绍通过Xmodem上传IOS的过程(以2610为例,不过这个方法用在其他设备上没什么太大区别)
准备工作,只要有Cisco原配的线缆就可以(注:Xmodem与实际的modem没有任何联系 只是一个传输协议 数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的Console口灌进去的)
在没有IOS的情况下 系统只能进入Rommon状态,在这个状态下只能见到如下命令:
rommon 8 > ?
alias set and display aliases command
boot boot up an external process
break set/show/clear the breakpoint
confreg configuration register utility
cont continue executing a downloaded image
context display the context of a loaded image
cookie display contents of cookie PROM in hex
dev list the device table
dir list files in file system
dis display instruction stream
dnld serial download a program module
frame print out a selected stack frame
help monitor builtin command help
history monitor command history
meminfo main memory information
repeat repeat a monitor command
reset system reset
set display the monitor variables
stack produce a stack trace
sync write monitor environment to NVRAM
sysret print out info from last system return
tftpdnld tftp image download
unalias unset an alias
unset unset a monitor variable
xmodem x/ymodem image download
在这个模式下,输入Xmodem
rommon 9 > xmodem -r
会提示如下警告:
WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!
Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.
Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y
Ready to receive file ? ...
然后在超级终端的传送栏目=> 选择发送选项 => 再选择Xmodem 并指明IOS所在的路径即开始上传IOS,等待时间很长,视IOS的大小和传输速度。对于初次做IOS上传,建议不要去修改什么传输速率。传完以后对整个系统初始化 界面如下:
Erasing flash at 0x603c0000
program flash location 0x602f0000
Download Complete!
program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x2f0074
Self decompressing the image : #################################################
################################################################################
################################################################################
################################################################# [OK]
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 11.3(6)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-1998 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 06-Oct-98 18:42 by ccai
Image text-base: 0x80008084, data-base: 0x80554578
cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x202) with 12288K/4096K bytes of memory
.
Processor board ID JAB0233005Z (3677578902)
M860 processor: part number 0, mask 32
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
1 Serial network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Press RETURN to get started!
00:00:06: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
00:00:06: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
00:00:06: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console
00:00:06: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 11.3(6)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-1998 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 06-Oct-98 18:42 by ccai
00:00:07: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on
WL_bank_2610_2>Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
00:00:07: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed sta
te to up
00:00:07: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed sta
te to up
2610_2>
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