各种排序算法的 ruby 实现
require 'containers/heap' # for heapsort
=begin rdoc
This module implements sorting algorithms. Documentation is provided for each algorithm.
=end
module Algorithms::Sort
# Bubble sort: A very naive sort that keeps swapping elements until the container is sorted.
# Requirements: Needs to be able to compare elements with <=>, and the [] []= methods should
# be implemented for the container.
# Time Complexity: О(n^2)
# Space Complexity: О(n) total, O(1) auxiliary
# Stable: Yes
#
# Algorithms::Sort.bubble_sort [5, 4, 3, 1, 2] => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
#冒泡
def self.bubble_sort(container)
loop do
swapped = false
(container.size-1).times do |i|
if (container[i] <=> container[i+1]) == 1
container[i], container[i+1] = container[i+1], container[i] # Swap
swapped = true
end
end
break unless swapped
end
container
end
# Comb sort: A variation on bubble sort that dramatically improves performance.
# Source:
# Requirements: Needs to be able to compare elements with <=>, and the [] []= methods should
# be implemented for the container.
# Time Complexity: О(n^2)
# Space Complexity: О(n) total, O(1) auxiliary
# Stable: Yes
#
# Algorithms::Sort.comb_sort [5, 4, 3, 1, 2] => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
def self.comb_sort(container)
container
gap = container.size
loop do
gap = gap * 10/13
gap = 11 if gap == 9 || gap == 10
gap = 1 if gap < 1
swapped = false
(container.size - gap).times do |i|
if (container[i] <=> container[i + gap]) == 1
container[i], container[i+gap] = container[i+gap], container[i] # Swap
swapped = true
end
end
break if !swapped && gap == 1
end
container
end
# Selection sort: A naive sort that goes through the container and selects the smallest element,
# putting it at the beginning. Repeat until the end is reached.
# Requirements: Needs to be able to compare elements with <=>, and the [] []= methods should
# be implemented for the container.
# Time Complexity: О(n^2)
# Space Complexity: О(n) total, O(1) auxiliary
# Stable: Yes
#
# Algorithms::Sort.selection_sort [5, 4, 3, 1, 2] => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
def self.selection_sort(container)
0.upto(container.size-1) do |i|
min = i
(i+1).upto(container.size-1) do |j|
min = j if (container[j] <=> container[min]) == -1
end
container[i], container[min] = container[min], container[i] # Swap
end
container
end
# Heap sort: Uses a heap (implemented by the Containers module) to sort the collection.
# Requirements: Needs to be able to compare elements with <=>
# Time Complexity: О(n^2)
# Space Complexity: О(n) total, O(1) auxiliary
# Stable: Yes
#
# Algorithms::Sort.heapsort [5, 4, 3, 1, 2] => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
def self.heapsort(container)
heap = Containers::Heap.new(container)
ary = []
ary << heap.pop until heap.empty?
ary
end
# Insertion sort: Elements are inserted sequentially into the right position.
# Requirements: Needs to be able to compare elements with <=>, and the [] []= methods should
# be implemented for the container.
# Time Complexity: О(n^2)
# Space Complexity: О(n) total, O(1) auxiliary
# Stable: Yes
#
# Algorithms::Sort.insertion_sort [5, 4, 3, 1, 2] => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
def self.insertion_sort(container)
return container if container.size < 2
(1..container.size-1).each do |i|
value = container[i]
j = i-1
while j >= 0 and container[j] > value do
container[j+1] = container[j]
j = j-1
end
container[j+1] = value
end
container
end
# Shell sort: Similar approach as insertion sort but slightly better.
# Requirements: Needs to be able to compare elements with <=>, and the [] []= methods should
# be implemented for the container.
# Time Complexity: О(n^2)
# Space Complexity: О(n) total, O(1) auxiliary
# Stable: Yes
#
# Algorithms::Sort.shell_sort [5, 4, 3, 1, 2] => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
def self.shell_sort(container)
increment = container.size/2
while increment > 0 do
(increment..container.size-1).each do |i|
temp = container[i]
j = i
while j >= increment && container[j - increment] > temp do
container[j] = container[j-increment]
j -= increment
end
container[j] = temp
end
increment = (increment == 2 ? 1 : (increment / 2.2).round)
end
container
end
# Quicksort: A divide-and-conquer sort that recursively partitions a container until it is sorted.
# Requirements: Container should implement #pop and include the Enumerable module.
# Time Complexity: О(n log n) average, O(n^2) worst-case
# Space Complexity: О(n) auxiliary
# Stable: No
#
# Algorithms::Sort.quicksort [5, 4, 3, 1, 2] => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# def self.quicksort(container)
# return [] if container.empty?
#
# x, *xs = container
#
# quicksort(xs.select { |i| i < x }) + [x] + quicksort(xs.select { |i| i >= x })
# end
def self.partition(data, left, right)
pivot = data[front]
left += 1
while left <= right do
if data[frontUnknown] < pivot
back += 1
data[frontUnknown], data[back] = data[back], data[frontUnknown] # Swap
end
frontUnknown += 1
end
data[front], data[back] = data[back], data[front] # Swap
back
end
# def self.quicksort(container, left = 0, right = container.size - 1)
# if left < right
# middle = partition(container, left, right)
# quicksort(container, left, middle - 1)
# quicksort(container, middle + 1, right)
# end
# end
def self.quicksort(container)
bottom, top = [], []
top[0] = 0
bottom[0] = container.size
i = 0
while i >= 0 do
l = top[i]
r = bottom[i] - 1;
if l < r
pivot = container[l]
while l < r do
r -= 1 while (container[r] >= pivot && l < r)
if (l < r)
container[l] = container[r]
l += 1
end
l += 1 while (container[l] <= pivot && l < r)
if (l < r)
container[r] = container[l]
r -= 1
end
end
container[l] = pivot
top[i+1] = l + 1
bottom[i+1] = bottom[i]
bottom[i] = l
i += 1
else
i -= 1
end
end
container
end
# Mergesort: A stable divide-and-conquer sort that sorts small chunks of the container and then merges them together.
# Returns an array of the sorted elements.
# Requirements: Container should implement []
# Time Complexity: О(n log n) average and worst-case
# Space Complexity: О(n) auxiliary
# Stable: Yes
#
# Algorithms::Sort.mergesort [5, 4, 3, 1, 2] => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
def self.mergesort(container)
return container if container.size <= 1
mid = container.size / 2
left = container[0...mid]
right = container[mid...container.size]
merge(mergesort(left), mergesort(right))
end
def self.merge(left, right)
sorted = []
until left.empty? or right.empty?
left.first <= right.first ? sorted << left.shift : sorted << right.shift
end
sorted + left + right
end
end
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