Rman全备份不完全恢复数据库

数据库今天宕机了，数据文件和控制文件在一个磁盘，全部损坏，redo文件和

归档日志在两外一个磁盘，完好无损，只有两天前的rman全备份。经过30分钟的奋战，数据全部恢复。

模拟环境，具体恢复如下：

1：首先用rman全备份数据库数据（模拟两天前的rman全备份）

[oracle@www oracle]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: EXITGOGO (DBID=267967027)

RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 23-11月-06

using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=11 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00001 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.dbf

input datafile fno=00002 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile fno=00003 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf

input datafile fno=00006 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/pub.dbf

input datafile fno=00004 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf

input datafile fno=00005 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-11月-06

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-11月-06

piece handle=/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/03i34pja_1_1 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:06

Finished backup at 23-11月-06

Starting Control File Autobackup at 23-11月-06

piece handle=/free/oracle/orabak/c-267967027-20061123-01 comment=NONE

Finished Control File Autobackup at 23-11月-06

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/free/oracle/orabak/%F';

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1;

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

RMAN configuration has no stored or default parameters

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/snapcf_exitgogo.f'; # default

RMAN>quit

2：创建一个新的表空间，然后添加测试数据（模拟两天之间数据库的变化）

创建了一个新的表空间pub，然后创建了用户pub。

[oracle@www oracle]$ sqlplus  pub/pub

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 23 17:37:28 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

With the Partitioning and Oracle Data Mining options

JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 – Production

添加一点测试数据：

SQL> create table gaojf1 as  select * from all_objects;

Table created.

SQL> insert into gaojf1 select * from gaojf1;

5884 rows created.

SQL> /

11768 rows created.

SQL> /

。。。。。。。。。。。

188288 rows created.

SQL> /

376576 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> quit

Disconnected from Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

With the Partitioning and Oracle Data Mining options

JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

3：删除所有数据文件和控制文件（模拟数据库宕机）

[oracle@www exitgogo]$ls -sh

total 886M

3.5M control01.ctl   33M indx01.dbf   51M redo02.log    136K temp01.dbf     129M users01.dbf 3.5M control02.ctl  101M pub.dbf      51M redo03.log     65M tools01.dbf 3.5M control03.ctl   51M redo01.log  201M system01.dbf  201M undotbs01.dbf

[oracle@www exitgogo]$  rm -rf ./*.dbf ./*.ctl

[oracle@www exitgogo]$ ls

redo01.log  redo02.log  redo03.log

4:恢复开始：

[oracle@www exitgogo]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     235999648 bytes

Fixed Size                      450976 bytes

Variable Size                201326592 bytes

Database Buffers              33554432 bytes

Redo Buffers                    667648 bytes

首先从原来的全备份中恢复控制文件

RMAN>

restore controlfile from '/free/oracle/orabak/c-267967027-20061123-01';

Starting restore at 23-11月-06

using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=13 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring controlfile

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete

replicating controlfile

input filename=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/control01.ctl

output filename=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/control02.ctl

output filename=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/control03.ctl

Finished restore at 23-11月-06

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

1       Full    3M         DISK        00:00:00     23-11月-06    

        BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE   Tag:

        Piece Name: /free/oracle/orabak/c-267967027-20061123-01

  Controlfile Included: Ckp SCN: 73561        Ckp time: 23-11月-06

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

2       Full    223M       DISK        00:00:57     23-11月-06    

        BP Key: 2   Status: AVAILABLE   Tag: TAG20061123T173423

        Piece Name: /free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/03i34p90_1_1

  List of Datafiles in backup set 2

  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time   Name

  ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----

  1       Full 73688      23-11月-06 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.dbf

  2       Full 73688      23-11月-06 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf

  3       Full 73688      23-11月-06 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf

  4       Full 73688      23-11月-06 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf

  5       Full 73688      23-11月-06 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf

还原数据文件

RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 23-11月-06

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00001 to /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.dbf

restoring datafile 00002 to /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf

restoring datafile 00003 to /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf

restoring datafile 00004 to /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf

restoring datafile 00005 to /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/03i34p90_1_1 tag=TAG20061123T173423 params=NULL

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete

Finished restore at 23-11月-06

RMAN> quit

下面进入sqlplus进行不完全恢复

[oracle@www exitgogo]$ sqlplus  "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 23 17:51:07 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

With the Partitioning and Oracle Data Mining options

JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.dbf

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf

可以看到，由于rman的全备份早于创建pub表空间，因此restore恢复中没有记录pub表空间的信息，但是由于redo file中还记录了pub表空间创建的信息，因此，先recover试试！

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;

ORA-00279: change 73688 generated at 11/23/2006 17:34:24 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion :

/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000008.ARC

ORA-00280: change 73688 for thread 1 is in sequence #8

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

auto

ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors

ORA-01244: unnamed datafile(s) added to controlfile by media recovery

ORA-01110: data file 6: '/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/pub.dbf'

ORA-01112: media recovery not started

可以看到，在恢复了一个归档日志以后，oracle认出了pub表空间，同时提示了ORA-01244 错误，继续往下看：

 

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.dbf

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf

/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/UNNAMED00006

 

6 rows selected.

 

可以看到，oracle中莫名的多出了一个文件UNNAMED00006，

出现这个文件的原因是由于redo file中记录了pub的信息，在通过recover恢复后，系统也认到了有pub这个表空间的存在，但是由于控制文件中没有记录这个文件的信息，所以oracle抛了一个错误，说发现一个没有命名的文件，然后oracle系统本身给这个文件做了一个命名。

 

可以通过下面的方式把pub表空间数据文件移动到合适的位置。

 

SQL>

alter database create datafile 6 as '/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/pub.dbf';

Database altered.

SQL> col name format a40

SQL>  select file#,name from v$datafile;

 

     FILE# NAME

---------- ----------------------------------------

         1 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.d bf

         2 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf

         3 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf

         4 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf

     FILE# NAME

---------- ----------------------------------------

         5 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf

         6 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/pub.dbf

6 rows selected.

 

继续恢复：

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;

ORA-00279: change 73805 generated at 11/23/2006 17:37:18 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion :

/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000008.ARC

ORA-00280: change 73805 for thread 1 is in sequence #8

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

auto

ORA-00279: change 74363 generated at 11/23/2006 17:38:51 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion :

/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000009.ARC

ORA-00280: change 74363 for thread 1 is in sequence #9

ORA-00278: log file

'/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000008.ARC' no longer

needed for this recovery

 

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log

'/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000009.ARC'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

由于我的归档没有T0001S0000000009了，所以可能需要redo file了

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;

ORA-00279: change 74363 generated at 11/23/2006 17:38:51 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion :

/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000009.ARC

ORA-00280: change 74363 for thread 1 is in sequence #9

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/redo01.log

ORA-00310: archived log contains sequence 7; sequence 9 required

ORA-00334: archived log: '/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/redo01.log'

 

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;

ORA-00279: change 74363 generated at 11/23/2006 17:38:51 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion :

/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000009.ARC

ORA-00280: change 74363 for thread 1 is in sequence #9

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/redo02.log

ORA-00310: archived log contains sequence 8; sequence 9 required

ORA-00334: archived log: '/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/redo02.log'

 

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;

ORA-00279: change 74363 generated at 11/23/2006 17:38:51 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion :

/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000009.ARC

ORA-00280: change 74363 for thread 1 is in sequence #9

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/redo03.log

Log applied.

Media recovery complete.

可以看到，新建的pub表空间的数据信息在redo03.log中存在，这是因为我的测试数据量很小的原因。如果从rman全备份后到系统宕机这段时间数据量很大的话，可能有很多的归档信息需要恢复，同时redo file也是不可少的。

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

alter database open resetlogs

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01153: an incompatible media recovery is active

SQL> quit

Disconnected from Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

With the Partitioning and Oracle Data Mining options

JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

[oracle@www exitgogo]$ sqlplus  "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 23 18:02:00 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

With the Partitioning and Oracle Data Mining options

JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> conn pub/pub

Connected.

SQL> select count(*) from gaojf1;

  COUNT(*)

----------

    753152

SQL>

可以看到，数据完全恢复，

 

这样恢复完成后，马上又做了一个全库的rman备份。

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