bacula是一款非常棒的开源备份软件，它采用服务器/客户机的模式来备份文件
bacula安装环境：
A.系统平台：CentOS 5.4 最小化安装
B.两台linux主机： 一台主机名为server，ip为192.168.0.5，角色为备份服务器兼存储服务器（另挂一块磁盘到/data/test/下作为存储） 。另一台主机名为client，Ip是192.168.0.6，为需要备份的主机
准备工作：在server上安装mysql和gcc环境（bacula编译需要mysql）
# yum install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
# server mysqld start
配置server端：
1.# tar -zxvf bacula-5.0.1.tar.gz
# cd bacula-5.0.1
# ./configure --with-mysql
# make ; make install bacula默认安装位置在/etc/bacula
2.# cd /etc/bacula
# ./grant_mysql_privileges
# ./make_mysql_tables
# ./create_mysql_database 创建bacula需要的数据库
3.修改配置 作为存储服务器兼控制台，现在需要依次对bacula-dir.Conf（管全局） bacula.sd.conf（管存储）和bconsole.conf（管控制台）配置文件进行修改。bacula-dir.conf是最复杂的一个文件，它一共有10个逻辑段：
director（定义全局） catalog（定义日志）
jobdefs(定义备份的默认值) job（定义特定操作）
fileset（定义备份哪些区域不备份哪些区域） schedule（定义备份时间）
pool（定义备份介质） client（定义要备份的主机）
storage（定义如何存储） messages（定义如何处理消息）
# cat /etc/bacula/bacula-dir.conf
Director { # 全局的一些配置
Name = server-dir
DIRport = 9101
QueryFile = "/etc/bacula/query.sql"
WorkingDirectory = "/var/bacula/working"
PidDirectory = "/var/run" Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 1 # 定义一次能处理的并发作业数
Password = "123456" # 这个地方必须与控制台所在主机上的bconsole.conf一致，这里是本机
Messages = Daemon
}
JobDefs { # 定义默认备份文件
Name = "DefaultJob"
Type = Backup
Level = Incremental
FileSet = "Full Set"
Schedule = "WeeklyCycle"
Storage = File # 备份设备名称
Messages = Standard
Pool = Default
Priority = 10 #优先级
}
Job { # 定义一个任务
Name = "Client" # 任务的名称 后面咱们可以在bacula的控制台中看到
Client = Client # 引用后面定义的客户端“Client”，表示此任务对名字叫client主机进行操作 JobDefs = "DefaultJob"
Write Bootstrap = "/var/bacula/working/%c.bsr" #定义备份的引导信息放在什么地方
Level = Full #定义备份类型为完全
FileSet = "Full Set" #备份的范围根据后面定义的名叫“Full Set”的操作
Schedule = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup" #备份计划任务按"WeeklyCycleAfterBackup" 定义的执行
}
Job {
Name = "BackupCatalog"
JobDefs = "DefaultJob"
Level = Full
FileSet="Catalog"
Schedule = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup"
RunBeforeJob = "/etc/bacula/make_catalog_backup bacula bacula"
RunAfterJob = "/etc/bacula/delete_catalog_backup"
Write Bootstrap = "/var/bacula/working/BackupCatalog.bsr"
Priority = 11 # run after main backup
}
Job { # 定义一个还原任务
Name = "RestoreFiles"
Type = Restore
Client=server-fd # 这里就是指的server这台主机自己
FileSet="Full Set"
Storage = File
Pool = Default
Messages = Standard
Where = /bacula-restores # 还原文件的默认位置
}
FileSet {
Name = "Full Set"
Include {
Options {
signature = MD5
}
File = /boot # 备份的范围，这里我根据需要只备份了/boot分区，如果要备份其他可加入相应路径 }
Exclude { # 排除的，不备份的内容
File = /proc
File = /tmp
File = /.journal
File = /.fsck
}
}
Schedule { #定义备份时间，级别
Name = "WeeklyCycle"
Run = Full 1st sun at 23:05
Run = Differential 2nd-5th sun at 23:05
Run = Incremental mon-sat at 23:05
}
Schedule {
Name = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup" Run = Full sun-sat at 23:10
}
FileSet {
Name = "Catalog"
Include {
Options {
signature = MD5
}
File = /var/bacula/working/bacula.sql
}
}
Client { # 定义客户端
Name = server-fd
Address = 192.168.0.5 # 指定了server这台主机的地址
FDPort = 9102
Catalog = MyCatalog
Password = "123456" # 要和server上bacula-fd.conf的一致
File Retention = 30 days # 30 days
Job Retention = 6 months # six months
AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired Jobs/Files
}
Client {
Name = Client # 前面引用过的client就是在这定义的
Address = 192.168.0.6 # 告诉服务器client在什么地方
FDPort = 9102
Catalog = MyCatalog
Password = "123456" # 要和client上bacula-fd.conf的一致
File Retention = 30 days # 30 days
Job Retention = 6 months # six months
AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired Jobs/Files
}
Storage { # 定义存储服务器
Name = File
Address = 192.168.0.5 # 告诉服务器数据存储在哪台机器上。这里是主机自己。
SDPort = 9103
Password = "123456" # 要和本机bacula-sd.conf上一致
Device = FileStorage
Media Type = File # 定义以文件方式存储
}
Catalog { # 关于日志和数据库的定义
Name = MyCatalog dbname = "bacula"; dbuser = "bacula"; dbpassword = ""
}
Messages {
Name = Standard
mailcommand = "/sbin/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: %t %e of %c %l\" %r" operatorcommand = "/sbin/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: Intervention needed for %j\" %r"
mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped
operator = root@localhost = mount
console = all, !skipped, !saved
append = "/var/bacula/working/log" = all, !skipped
}
Messages {
Name = Daemon mailcommand = "/sbin/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula daemon message\" %r"
mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped
console = all, !skipped, !saved
append = "/var/bacula/working/log" = all, !skipped
}
Pool {
Name = Default
Pool Type = Backup
Recycle = yes # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes
AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes
Volume Retention = 365 days # one year
}
Pool {
Name = Scratch
Pool Type = Backup
}
Console {
Name = server-mon
Password = "123456"
CommandACL = status, .status
}
第二个文件bacula-sd.conf
# cat /etc/bacula/bacula-sd.conf
Storage { # 定义存储。本例中是自己server
Name = server-sd
SDPort = 9103 # 存储端口
WorkingDirectory = "/var/bacula/working"
Pid Directory = "/var/run"
Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20
}
Director {
Name = server-dir
Password = "123456" # 与bacula-dir.conf中对应的Storage项一致
}
Director {
ame = server-mon
Password = "123456"
Monitor = yes
}
Device {
Name = FileStorage
Media Type = File
Archive Device = /data/backup # 定义备份到什么地方
LabelMedia = yes; # lets Bacula label unlabeled media
Random Access = Yes;
AutomaticMount = yes; # 如果设备可用，则读取
RemovableMedia = no;
AlwaysOpen = no;
}
Messages {
Name = Standard director = server-dir = all
}
最后一个文件bconsole.conf
# cat /etc/bacula/bconsole.conf
Director {
Name = server-dir
DIRport = 9101
address = 192.168.0.5 # 服务器位置
Password = "123456" # 与bacula-dir.conf中director中一致
}
配置 client
1.# tar -zxvf bacula-5.0.1.tar.gz
# cd bacula-5.0.1
# ./configure --enable-client-only
# make ; make install # bacula默认安装位置在/etc/bacula
2. 改配置文件 bacula-fd.conf
# cat /etc/bacula-fd.conf
Director {
Name = server-dir # 与服务器上的bacula-dir.conf中一致
Password = "123456" # 与服务器上的bacula-dir.conf中一致
}
Director {
Name = server-mon # 与服务器上的bacula-dir.conf中一致
Password = "123456" # 与服务器上的bacula-dir.conf中一致
Monitor = yes
}
FileDaemon {
Name = Client # 指自己
FDport = 9102 # 监听端口
WorkingDirectory = /var/bacula/working
Pid Directory = /var/run
Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20
}
Messages {
Name = Standard director = Client-dir = all, !skipped, !restored
}
安装完成，在客户端和服务器端/erc/bacula目录下分别执行 ./bacula start 启动bacula主程序
在服务器端 输入 ./bconsole --> label --->备份储存位置文件名字，建立存储文件，就可以直接备份了
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