centos5.4+Kickstart+NFS+DHCP+PXE全自动无人安装

欢迎转载,但请注明出处:

virtualBox虚拟机测试通过:

centos5.4安装gnome桌面

本机ip地址:192.168.10.18/24

1.生成ks.cfg文件

[root@localhost ~]#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

[root@localhost ~]# cd /

[root@localhost /]# mkdir install

[root@localhost /]# cd install/

[root@localhost install]# cp -dpR /mnt/* ./

[root@localhost install]# yum install system-config-kickstart

包依赖关系会安装pykickstart和system-config-kickstart两个包.

[root@localhost install]# system-config-kickstart

出现如下的弹出窗口，自己配置

生成ks.cfg文件,我的文件内容如下

#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Use NFS installation media
nfs --server=192.168.10.18 --dir=/install
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$re06prfC$oEc/9rRpch0t0lIb/akmS1

# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=200
part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --size=512
part / --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --grow --size=1



%packages

@base

@chinese-support

@core

@dialup

@editors

@gnome-desktop

@games

@graphical-internet

@graphics

@office

@printing

@sound-and-video

@text-internet

@base-x

keyutils

trousers

fipscheck

device-mapper-multipath

libsane-hpaio

xorg-x11-server-Xnest

ks.cfg文件保存在/install目录下。。。

2.配置dhcp服务:

目的：给需要安装的服务器分配ip地址

[root@localhost install]# yum install dhcp*

[root@localhost install]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf

[root@localhost install]# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf 

ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;

subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

# --- default gateway
    option routers            192.168.10.18;
    option subnet-mask        255.255.255.0;

    option nis-domain         "test";
    option domain-name        "test.org";
    option domain-name-servers    192.168.10.18;

    option time-offset        -18000;    # Eastern Standard Time
#    option ntp-servers        192.168.1.1;
#    option netbios-name-servers    192.168.1.1;
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless
# -- you understand Netbios very well
#    option netbios-node-type 2;

    range dynamic-bootp 192.168.10.128 192.168.10.254;
    default-lease-time 21600;
    max-lease-time 43200;
    filename "/pxelinux.0";
    next-server 192.168.10.18;

    # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address
    host ns {
        next-server marvin.redhat.com;
        hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD;
        fixed-address 207.175.42.254;
    }
}


[root@localhost install]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd start

3.配置TFTP服务:

目的：为需要安装服务器提供下载启动镜像

[root@localhost install]# yum install tftp*

[root@localhost install]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 

# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#    protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#    workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#    and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
    socket_type        = dgram
    protocol        = udp
    wait            = yes
    user            = root
    server            = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
    server_args        = -s /tftpboot
    disable        = no
    per_source        = 11
    cps            = 100 2
    flags            = IPv4
}

[root@localhost install]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/xinetd start

4.配置NFS服务：

当然，你也可使用http,ftp方式来安装

[root@localhost install]# vi /etc/exports 

/install        192.168.10.0/24(ro,async)

[root@localhost install]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap start

[root@localhost install]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start

[root@localhost install]# showmount -e 192.168.10.18

Export list for 192.168.10.18:

/install 192.168.10.0/24

5.配置支持PXE启动：

[root@localhost install]# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/

[root@localhost install]# cp images/pxeboot/initrd.img /tftpboot/

[root@localhost install]# cp images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /tftpboot/

[root@localhost install]# cp isolinux/*.msg /tftpboot/

[root@localhost install]# cp /install/isolinux/splash.lss ./

splash.lss会让安装时显示出centos5的图形样子，^_^

[root@localhost install]# cd /tftpboot/

[root@localhost tftpboot]# ls

boot.msg  general.msg  initrd.img  options.msg  param.msg  pxelinux.0    rescue.msg  splash.lss  vmlinuz

[root@localhost tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cd pxelinux.cfg/

启动镜像pxelinux.0文件在执行过程中，会读取配置文件以确定它应该载入什么Linux内核文件来运行。所有的配置文件都放在启动服务器的/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/目录下。pxelinux.0根据一定的规则来搜索合适的配置文件名。举例来说，对于前面为待安装机器,dhcp服务分配的IP地址192.168.10.254（十六进制表示为C0A80AFE），MAC地址(08:00:27:3F:1F:D9),pxelinux.0会按如下次序搜索配置文件：

01-08-00-27-3F-1F-D9 > C0A80AFE > C0A80AF > … > C0 > C > default

对于一台需要支持很多安装机器的安装服务器来说，将配置写在与IP地址对应的文件里很不灵活。把所有配置都集中在default文件中是个不错的主意，可以减轻配置文件维护负担。

[root@localhost pxelinux.cfg]# cp /install/isolinux/isolinux.cfg default

[root@localhost pxelinux.cfg]# vi default

default linux
prompt 1
timeout 600
display boot.msg
F1 boot.msg
F2 options.msg
F3 general.msg
F4 param.msg
F5 rescue.msg


label local 

localboot 0 

label linux

kernel vmlinuz

append ks=nfs:192.168.10.18:/install/ks.cfg  initrd=initrd.img  devfs=nomount  ramdisk_size=9216

label text 

kernel vmlinuz 

append initrd=initrd.img text devfs=nomount ramdisk_size=9216 

label expert 

kernel vmlinuz 

append expert initrd=initrd.img devfs=nomount ramdisk_size=9216 

label ks 

kernel vmlinuz 

append ks initrd=initrd.img devfs=nomount ramdisk_size=9216 

label nofb 

kernel vmlinuz 

append initrd=initrd.img devfs=nomount nofb ramdisk_size=9216 

label lowres 

kernel vmlinuz 

append initrd=initrd.img lowres devfs=nomount ramdisk_size=9216 

kernel vmlinuz

ok,现在开一个虚拟机，然后从网卡启动，

错误

 could not find kernel image linux 

解决：

在dhcpd.conf里加入next-server 192.168.10.11;

错误：

Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(8,3)

方法:

当时用kde的桌面做的实验，出现这个问题，搜了好多，也没找到办法，后来从新安装了测试环境，用的gnome桌面，没出现这个情况，不知是bug还是哪里设置的问题

错误：

install exited abnormally 1 1

方法：

用的centos5.2的时候出现的，后来换centos5.4就ok了...