Apache 2.2 + Tomcat 6.0 + MySQL 5.0 + mod_jk 整合
For more articles, please visit
作者：廖子儀 (Tzu-Yi Liao)
Certified：LPIC Level I、LPIC Level II、RHCE
E-mail：steven@ms.ntcb.edu.tw
Web site：Steven's Linux Note ()
在前一篇Apache 及 Tomcat 的結合(New window) 的文件中，說明了使用
mod_jk2 把 Apache 與 Tocmat 相結合的實例。最近小弟遇到了主機的擴充
案，重新調整了 Apche 的編譯，並且使用新版本的 Tomcat Connectors JK 1.2.26
版本來做兩者之間的溝通。
本篇文章同時也介紹了 Tomcat 6.0 的 MySQL Connection Pool 用法（同時適用
於 Tomcat 5.5），實做中也提及如何測試資料庫的連線。
此文章與前一篇Apache 及 Tomcat 的結合(New window) 並不相容，Tomcat 3 和
Tomcat 5.5 的 Connection Pool 用法已不同；而 mod_jk2 也不再維護，Tomcat
組織以 mod_jk 為主要的發展對像，所以在這些改變之下，決定重新寫此篇文件
以供大家參考，若有不明或有誤的地方請大家提出。
架構
使用者在瀏覽網站時，是對應到 Apache Server，而 JSP 程式則是放在 Tomcat
主機上，當然了資料庫也是獨立的。使用這種架構可分散網頁檔案與程式之間的
損失風險。
架構設計之初，應避免把應用伺服器與 資料庫伺服器暴露在網路之中，可以
選擇使用內部的虛擬 IP 或防火牆來防止使用者可任意尋找露洞的機會。當然
了，安全性的研究不在本次的議題裡，大家可以參閱查詢相關資料。
以下 IP 為本次的實例分配：
· Apache：192.168.1.205（Apache 2.2.9，Tomcat Connector 1.2.26）
· Tomcat：192.168.1.207（Tomcat 6.0.16）
· MySQL：192.168.1.204（MySQL 5.0.45）
Apache 服務
要完成整個 Apache 伺服器的設定，需要下例套件配合：
· Sun Java JDK（Java version 1.6.0_06）
· Apache（httpd 2.2.9）
· Tomcat（tomcat 6.0.16）
· Tomcat Connector（Tomcat Connector 1.2.26）
以下會逐一說明。
下載安裝 Apache
下載 Apache 並解壓縮
最新版本的 Apache 可以到 Apache 官方網站下載：
root # wget
root # tar -jxvf httpd-2.2.9.tar.bz2
編譯 httpd
若是採用此方式，在您的環境中必需要有 gcc 編譯器
root # cd httpd-2.2.9
root # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --with-mpm=worker
> --enable-cache --enable-file-cache --enable-disk-cache
> --enable-mem-cache --enable-mime-magic --enable-headers
> --enable-ssl --enable-http --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite
> --enable-so --with-suexec-gidmin --with-suexec-logfile
root # make
root # make install
以 上編譯到安裝的過程可能需要一段時間， 結束之後 httpd 會安裝到
/usr/local/httpd 目錄，使用下例指可以啟動 http 服務，即可使用瀏覽器聯結。
root # /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl start
查看 httpd 是否有啟動並設定連接埠。
root # ps aux | grep httpd; netstat -ntulp | grep :80
root 3021 0.0 0.7 7908 2808 ? Ss 18:55 0:00
/usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 3022 0.0 0.4 7512 1648 ? S 18:55 0:00
/usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 3023 0.0 0.7 284680 2904 ? Sl 18:55 0:00
/usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 3024 0.0 0.7 284680 2856 ? Sl 18:55 0:00
/usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 3035 0.0 0.7 284680 2904 ? Sl 18:55 0:00
/usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 3200 0.0 0.7 284680 2836 ? Sl 18:57 0:00
/usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
root 3824 0.0 0.1 1820 484 pts/0 S+ 22:16 0:00 grep httpd
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 3021/httpd
下載安裝 Tomcat、Sun Java JDK 與 Tomcat Connector
Tomcat 可到 下 載、Tomcat Connector 可到
download-connectors.cgi 下載，本例中 Java JDK 是採用
Sun 所發展的 Sun Java JDK，可至
下載 JDK 即可。
下載 Tomcat Connector
root # wget
-1.2.26/tomcat-connectors-1.2.26-src.tar.gz
下載 Sun Java JDK
root # lynx
'
ite/en_US/-/USD/VerifyItem-Start/jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin?BundledLineIt
emUUID=fR9IBe.pEDAAAAEaAgAocbiQ&OrderID=YtFIBe.pnk8AAAEa9_8ocbiP&Prod
uctID=VXZIBe.ootIAAAEZTrBAkQve&FileName=/jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin'
下載 Tomcat
root # wget
0.16.tar.gz
搬移檔案至 /opt 目錄
root # mv apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz
tomcat-connectors-1.2.26-src.tar.gz jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin /opt/
解壓縮檔案
root # tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz ; tar -zxvf
tomcat-connectors-1.2.26-src.tar.gz ; chmod +x jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin
設定與安裝 Tomcat、Tomcat Connector 與 Sun Java JDK
安裝 Sun Java JDK
root # ./jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin
Sun Microsystems, Inc. Binary Code License Agreement
for the JAVA SE DEVELOPMENT KIT (JDK), VERSION 6
SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. ("SUN") IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE
SOFTWARE IDENTIFIED BELOW TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION
THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS BINARY
CODE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND SUPPLEMENTAL LICENSE TERMS
(COLLECTIVELY "AGREEMENT"). PLEASE READ THE AGREEMENT
CAREFULLY. BY DOWNLOADING OR INSTALLING THIS SOFTWARE, YOU
ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT. INDICATE ACCEPTANCE BY
SELECTING THE "ACCEPT" BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE
AGREEMENT. IF YOU ARE NOT WILLING TO BE BOUND BY ALL THE
TERMS, SELECT THE "DECLINE" BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE
AGREEMENT AND THE DOWNLOAD OR INSTALL PROCESS WILL NOT
CONTINUE.
1. DEFINITIONS. "Software" means the identified above in
binary form, any other machine readable materials
(including, but not limited to, libraries, source files,
header files, and data files), any updates or error
corrections provided by Sun, and any user manuals,
programming guides and other documentation provided to you
--More--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ignore~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt file, the disclaimer of
warranty and limitation of liability provisions in
paragraphs 5 and 6 of the Binary Code License Agreement
shall apply to all Software in this distribution.
H. Termination for Infringement. Either party may terminate
this Agreement immediately should any Software become, or
in either party's opinion be likely to become, the subject
of a claim of infringement of any intellectual property
right.
I. Installation and Auto-Update. The Software's
installation and auto-update processes transmit a limited
amount of data to Sun (or its service provider) about those
specific processes to help Sun understand and optimize
them. Sun does not associate the data with personally
identifiable information. You can find more information
about the data Sun collects at
For inquiries please contact: Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150
Network Circle, Santa Clara, California 95054, U.S.A.
Do you agree to the above license terms? [yes or no]
yes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ignore~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~``
Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed.
Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits:
* Notification of new versions, patches, and updates
* Special offers on Sun products, services and training
* Access to early releases and documentation
Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration
supports a browser, the Sun Product Registration form for
the JDK will be presented. If you do not register, none of
this information will be saved. You may also register your
JDK later by opening the register.html file (located in
the JDK installation directory) in a browser.
For more information on what data Registration collects and
how it is managed and used, see:
Press Enter to continue.....
Done.
安裝 Tomcat
root # mv apache-tomcat-6.0.16 tomcat; mv jdk1.6.0_06/ java
設定環境變數
在安裝 mod_jk 之前，需先設定 tomcat 與 java 的目錄，可在 /etc/profile 設定。
JAVA_HOME=/opt/java
CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
CLASSPATH=./:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/ext:${CATALINA_HOM
E}/common/lib
export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME CATALINA_BASE CLASSPATH
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${CATALINA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
設定完成後可使用 source 指令或 . 指令讓修改的項目生效。
root # . /etc/profile
編譯安裝 mod_jk
完成以上設定後，即可開始編譯 mod_jk。
編譯 mod_jk
root # cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.26-src/native/
root # ./configure --with-java-home=/opt/java
--with-apxs=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs
root # make
安裝 mod_jk.so 至 httpd
root # cp apache-2.0/mod_jk.so /usr/local/httpd/lib/
以上完成編譯安裝之後，就可以開始設定 apache，讓 mod_jk 生效。apache 的
設定檔在 /usr/local/httpd/conf/ 目錄下。
設定 Apche 與 mod_jk
編輯 httpd.conf
在 httpd.conf 中加入載入 mod_jk 模組與 mod_jk 設定檔項目。
LoadModule jk_module lib/mod_jk.so
# mod_jk settings
Include conf/mod_jk.conf
在 /usr/local/httpd/conf/ 目錄加入 mod_jk.conf
root # touch mod_jk.conf
在 mod_jk.conf 加入以下內容
#setup the workers.properties file path, default prefix path is httpd's
home (/usr/local/httpd)
JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
JkLogFile /var/log/jk.log
JkShmFile /var/log/jk-runtime-status
JkLogLevel error
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T"
# Sample JkMounts. Replace these with the paths you would
# like to mount from your JSP server.
# syntax: JkMount ${URL_DIR}/*.jsp worker_name
JkMount /project1/*.jsp jsp-ap207
JkMount /project2/*.jsp jsp-ap207
JkMount /project3/*.jsp jsp-ap207
增加conf/workers.properties 檔案
root # touch /usr/local/httpd/conf/workers.properties
設定 workers.properties
# BEGIN workers.properties
# setting tomcat_home and java_home
workers.tomcat_home=/opt/tomcat
workers.java_home=/opt/java
# worker.list defined worker_name, used by mod_jk.conf
worker.list=jsp-ap207
worker.jsp-ap207.port=8009
worker.jsp-ap207.host=192.168.1.207
worker.jsp-ap207.type=ajp13
worker.jsp-ap207.lbfactor=1
重新啟動 Apache
經過了以上步驟後，在 Apache 的部份可說是已完成設定（當然細項目份還需要
調整）。現在可重新啟動 Apache。
root # /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl stop
root # /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl start
Tomcat 服務
要完成整個 Tomcat 的設定，需要以下套件配合
· Tomcat（）
· Java JDK（）
· jaf
（
dex.html）
· javamail（）
下載與安裝 Tomcat、Java JDK、jaf 與 javamail
下載 Tomcat
root # wget
0.16.tar.gz
下載 Sun Java JDK
root # lynx
'
ite/en_US/-/USD/VerifyItem-Start/jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin?BundledLineIt
emUUID=fR9IBe.pEDAAAAEaAgAocbiQ&OrderID=YtFIBe.pnk8AAAEa9_8ocbiP&Prod
uctID=VXZIBe.ootIAAAEZTrBAkQve&FileName=/jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin'
下載 jaf
root # lynx
'
ite/en_US/-/USD/VerifyItem-Start/jaf-1_0_2-upd2.zip?BundledLineItemUU
ID=WoRIBe.m5QUAAAEaKzlGV8Li&OrderID=VYdIBe.mwygAAAEaHzlGV8Li&ProductI
D=J_vACUFBIFEAAAEYeEo5AXiq&FileName=/jaf-1_0_2-upd2.zip'
下載 javamail
root # lynx
'
ite/en_US/-/USD/VerifyItem-Start/javamail-1_4_1.zip?BundledLineItemUU
ID=n7RIBe.mEw8AAAEavaVGV8Lk&OrderID=iOdIBe.mpdYAAAEarqVGV8Lk&ProductI
D=3v_ACUFBMTsAAAEYxBQ5AXuF&FileName=/javamail-1_4_1.zip'
解壓縮檔案
root # tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz ;unzip jaf-1_0_2-upd2.zip ;
unzip javamail-1_4_1.zip; chmod +x jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin
root # ./jdk-6u6-linux-i586.bin
Sun Microsystems, Inc. Binary Code License Agreement
for the JAVA SE DEVELOPMENT KIT (JDK), VERSION 6
SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. ("SUN") IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE
SOFTWARE IDENTIFIED BELOW TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION
THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS BINARY
CODE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND SUPPLEMENTAL LICENSE TERMS
(COLLECTIVELY "AGREEMENT"). PLEASE READ THE AGREEMENT
CAREFULLY. BY DOWNLOADING OR INSTALLING THIS SOFTWARE, YOU
ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT. INDICATE ACCEPTANCE BY
SELECTING THE "ACCEPT" BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE
AGREEMENT. IF YOU ARE NOT WILLING TO BE BOUND BY ALL THE
TERMS, SELECT THE "DECLINE" BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE
AGREEMENT AND THE DOWNLOAD OR INSTALL PROCESS WILL NOT
CONTINUE.
1. DEFINITIONS. "Software" means the identified above in
binary form, any other machine readable materials
(including, but not limited to, libraries, source files,
header files, and data files), any updates or error
corrections provided by Sun, and any user manuals,
programming guides and other documentation provided to you
--More--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ignore~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt file, the disclaimer of
warranty and limitation of liability provisions in
paragraphs 5 and 6 of the Binary Code License Agreement
shall apply to all Software in this distribution.
H. Termination for Infringement. Either party may terminate
this Agreement immediately should any Software become, or
in either party's opinion be likely to become, the subject
of a claim of infringement of any intellectual property
right.
I. Installation and Auto-Update. The Software's
installation and auto-update processes transmit a limited
amount of data to Sun (or its service provider) about those
specific processes to help Sun understand and optimize
them. Sun does not associate the data with personally
identifiable information. You can find more information
about the data Sun collects at
For inquiries please contact: Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150
Network Circle, Santa Clara, California 95054, U.S.A.
Do you agree to the above license terms? [yes or no]
yes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ignore~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~``
Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed.
Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits:
* Notification of new versions, patches, and updates
* Special offers on Sun products, services and training
* Access to early releases and documentation
Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration
supports a browser, the Sun Product Registration form for
the JDK will be presented. If you do not register, none of
this information will be saved. You may also register your
JDK later by opening the register.html file (located in
the JDK installation directory) in a browser.
For more information on what data Registration collects and
how it is managed and used, see:
Press Enter to continue.....
Done.
將檔案移動到 /opt 目錄
root # mv apache-tomcat-6.0.16 /opt/tomcat; mv jaf-1.0.2/ /opt/jaf; mv
javamail-1.4.1/ /opt/javamail; mv jdk1.6.0_06/ /opt/java
以上過程會把 Tomcat、jaf、javamail 與 Sun Java JDK 安裝完成，現在必需設
定系統變數才可使 tomcat 順利啟動。
編輯 /etc/profile 檔案，並加入以下設定。
JAVA_HOME=/opt/java
CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
CLASSPATH=./:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/ext:${CATALINA_HOM
E}/common/lib:/opt/javamail/mail.jar:/opt/jaf/activation.jar
export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME CATALINA_BASE CLASSPATH
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${CATALINA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
完整的設定 /etc/profile 之後執行下列指令可立即生效。
root # . /etc/profile
完成以上項目後，即可開始設定 tomcat，讓 tomcat 接受處理 Apache 的請求。
設定 tomcat
以下說明的 tomcat 設定檔均指 /opt/tomcat/conf/server.xml 檔案，若您的 tomcat
安裝在不同路徑請自行更改。
處理 Apache 所指示的檔案，需要 tomcat 的配合，預設 tomcat 開啟 8009 連
接埠的請求，因此只需要設定虛擬目錄即可。
設定 目錄，設定時先先定議一個虛擬網站，再設定
虛擬目錄，虛擬網站由 的 xml 標籤所包含，而目錄是以
所包含，其格式如下：
server.xml 修改過後的樣式如下：
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
debug="5" reloadable="true" crossContext="true">
以上 標籤裡的 path 屬性是指 URL 的路徑，實際對應的目錄為
/projects/project1/。設定完成後，請先行建立 /projects/project1/ 目錄。
root # mkdir -p "/projects/project1"; cd /projects/project1
啟動 tomcat 服務。
root # /opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /opt/java
測試
完成了以上 Apache 與 Tomcat 的設定，現在可進行測試，請先在 Tomcat 主
機上的 /projects/project1/ 建立一個 hello.jsp 程式，內容如下。
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=big5" %>
<%
String str1="Hello World!";
out.println(str1);
%>
hello.jsp 程式可點選此處下載。
現在，開啟您的瀏覽器，輸入 /hello.jsp 網址。
MySQL 設定
MySQL 設定的方式很簡單，基乎不需要任何的設定，只要確定可以連線到資料
庫即可。
在 Tomcat 伺服器上，測試 MySQL 連線方如下：
steven $ mysql -u steven -p -h 192.168.1.204
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 443 to server version: 5.0.22-log
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
mysql>
以上若可順利連線到 MySQL 主機則表示成功。
若是連線失敗，請檢查防火牆設定與 MySQL 是否有啟動。
安裝 MySQL Connection/J
要使 tomcat 與 MySQL 可以做資源聯結，需要有 MySQL Connector/J 的配合
才行，可到 MySQL 網站（http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/）中下載。
本文編寫時，最新版本的 Connector/J 為 5.1.6 版。
root # lynx
'http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-J/mysql-connector-java-
5.1.6.tar.gz/from/'
root # tar -zxvf mysql-connector-java-5.1.6.tar.gz
下載完後，把 mysql-connector-java-5.1.6-bin.jar 複製到 /opt/tomcat/common/lib/
裡即可
注意：mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar 放到/opt/tomcat/lib下面
建立相应的数据库文档是project1这个数据库,把mysql服务启动（这是gamester88做的时候碰到的问题）
root # cp
mysql-connector-java-5.1.6/mysql-connector-java-5.1.6-bin.jar
/opt/tomcat/common/lib/
編輯 Tomcat 設定檔
設定 Tomcat Database Connection Pool 的方式很簡單，只要在目錄裡加上
標籤即可，使用的方式如下：
把 標籤放在 裡，則此目錄的程式都可以引用在此設定
的資料庫連線資源，以下為實際修改方式：
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
debug="5" reloadable="true" crossContext="true">
type="javax.sql.DataSource"
maxActive="100" maxIdle="30" maxWait="10000"
username="steven" password="pass"
driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url="jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.204:3306/project1?autoReconnect=true"/>
在 標籤裡的 name 是指資料庫資源名稱，username 與 password
為連線的帳號與密碼，而 url 裡設定了所要連結的資料庫主機與資料庫名稱。
當然您必需把 project1 這個資料庫先建立起來並設定 steven 帳號可以存取才
行。
注意：您可以同時設定多個 Resource 資源，只要 name 不重複即可。
設定完成後，需重新啟動 tomcat 伺服器。
閉關 tomcat
root # /opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /opt/java
啟動 tomcat
root # /opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /opt/java
測試 JSP 連線
請在 /projects/project1/ 裡建立 db_test.jsp，而 db_test.jsp 的內容如下：
<%@ page import="java.sql.*"%>
<%@ page import="javax.sql.*"%>
<%@ page import="javax.naming.*"%>
<%@ page session="false" %>
Test of mysql connection pool
<%
out.print("start
");
try{
Context initctx = new InitialContext();
Context ctx = (Context) initctx.lookup("java:comp/env");
Object obj = (Object) ctx.lookup("jdbc/project1");
javax.sql.DataSource ds = (javax.sql.DataSource)obj;
Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
out.print("mysql connection pool runs perfectly!");
conn.close();
}
catch(Exception ex){
out.print(ex.getMessage());
ex.printStackTrace();
}
%>
請注意，以上 jsp 裡 ctx.lookup 裡所指定的 jdbc 為 tomcat 設定檔裡的
名稱，與 name 屬性相對應。
以上 db_test.jsp 可以點選此處下載。
開啟瀏覽器，輸入測試程式的網址，若是連線成功則會出現 mysql connection
pool runs perfectly! 字樣。
阅读(645) | 评论(0) | 转发(0) |
