分类: Mysql/postgreSQL
2019-04-18 10:22:59
关系数据库很重要的一个方面是查询速度。查询速度的好坏,直接影响一个系统的好坏。
查询速度一般需要通过查询规划来窥视执行的过程。
查询路径会选择查询代价最低的路径执行。而这个代价是怎么算出来的呢。
参数:来自postgresql.conf文件,可以通过show 来查看
seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above parallel_tuple_cost = 0.1 # same scale as above parallel_setup_cost = 1000.0 # same scale as above
表(视图): pg_class(主要关注relpages, reltuples), pg_stats
建立模拟数据,插入100000条数据进入一个表
create table test(id int, info text); insert into test(id, info) select i, md5(i::text) from generate_series(1, 100000) t(i);
postgres=# analyze test; #防止没有分析 postgres=# explain select * from test; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on test (cost=0.00..1834.00 rows=100000 width=37)
postgres=# select t.relpages, t.reltuples from pg_class t where t.relname = 'test'; relpages | reltuples ----------+----------- 834 | 100000成本为1834.00是怎么算出来的?
seq_page_cost = 1.0 cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01
postgres=# select 834 * 1.0 + 100000 * 0.01; ?column? ---------- 1834.00
postgres=# explain select * from test where id = 100; QUERY PLAN -------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on test (cost=0.00..2084.00 rows=1 width=37) Filter: (id = 100)
成本 2084.00是怎么算出来的?
cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025
postgres=# select 834 * 1.0 + 100000 * 0.01 + 100000 * 0.0025; ?column? ----------- 2084.0000
``` create index on test(id); ```
postgres=# explain select id from test where id = 100; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using test_id_idx on test (cost=0.29..8.31 rows=1 width=4) Index Cond: (id = 100)
postgres=# explain select * from test where id = 100; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Scan using test_id_idx on test (cost=0.29..8.31 rows=1 width=37) Index Cond: (id = 100)
postgres=# explain select * from test where id < 100; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Scan using test_id_idx on test (cost=0.29..10.11 rows=104 width=37) Index Cond: (id < 100)
truncate table test; insert into test(id, info) select i, md5(i::text) from generate_series(1, 1000000) t(i) order by random();
postgres=# explain select * from test where id < 100; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bitmap Heap Scan on test (cost=5.22..380.64 rows=102 width=37) Recheck Cond: (id < 100) -> Bitmap Index Scan on test_id_idx (cost=0.00..5.19 rows=102 width=0) Index Cond: (id < 100)