x.zip
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// 文件锁flock、lockf和fcntl区别测试程序:
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// 1) flock是系统调用,为System V锁
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// 2) fcntl是系统调用,lockf是基于fcntl实现的libc库函数,为posix锁
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// 3) flock可以同时用于多线程和多进程互斥(x86 Linux验证)
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// 4) 而lockf和fcntl只能用于多进程
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// 5) 对于NFS,只能使用fcntl,而flock只能用于本地文件系统
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// 6) flock只是建议性锁
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// 7) fcntl可以实现强制性锁
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// 8) flock只能对整个文件加锁
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// 9) fcntl和lockf可以只加锁文件的指定部分
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#include <fcntl.h>
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#include <pthread.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string>
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/stat.h>
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#include <sys/file.h>
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#include <sys/wait.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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// 查看锁信息: cat /proc/locks
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// 编译方法: g++ -g -o x x.cpp -pthread -DX=3 -DZ=2
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// 宏X控制是使用flock、lockf还是fcntl文件锁,值为1使用flock,值为2使用lockf,值为3使用fcntl
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// 宏Z控制是多线程还是多进程,值为1为多线程模式,值为2为多进程模式
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// 取当前时间,但不包括日期部分
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std::string now()
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{
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time_t t = time(NULL);
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struct tm tm;
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localtime_r(&t, &tm);
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char buf[sizeof("22:49:22")];
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snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec);
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return buf;
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}
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#if X==1 // flock
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int lock(const char* file)
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{
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int fd = open(file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH);
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if (-1 == fd)
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{
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printf("open error: %m\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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if (-1 == flock(fd, LOCK_EX))
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{
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printf("flock error: %m\n");
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close(fd);
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exit(1);
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}
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return fd;
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}
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void unlock(int fd)
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{
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flock(fd, LOCK_UN);
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close(fd);
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}
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#elif X == 2 // lockf
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int lock(const char* file)
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{
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int fd = open(file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH);
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if (-1 == fd)
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{
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printf("open error: %m\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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lseek(fd,0L,0);
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if (-1 == lockf(fd, F_LOCK, 0L))
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{
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printf("lockf error: %m\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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return fd;
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}
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void unlock(int fd)
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{
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lseek(fd,0L,0);
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lockf(fd, F_ULOCK, 0);
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close(fd);
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}
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#elif X==3 // fcntl
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int lock(const char* file)
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{
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int fd = open(file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH);
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if (-1 == fd)
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{
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printf("open error: %m\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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struct flock f;
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f.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
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f.l_start = 0;
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f.l_len = 0;
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f.l_type = F_WRLCK;
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f.l_pid = getpid();
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lseek(fd,0L,0);
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if (-1 == fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &f))
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{
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printf("fcntl error: %m\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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return fd;
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}
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void unlock(int fd)
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{
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struct flock f;
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f.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
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f.l_start = 0;
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f.l_len = 0;
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f.l_type = F_UNLCK;
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f.l_pid = getpid();
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lseek(fd,0L,0);
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fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &f);
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close(fd);
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}
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#endif
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void* thread1(void* param)
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{
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printf("[%u][%s] to sleep 2\n", pthread_self(), now().c_str());
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sleep(2);
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printf("[%u][%s] to lock\n", pthread_self(), now().c_str());
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const char* file = (const char*)param;
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int fd = lock(file);
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printf("[%u][%s] locked\n", pthread_self(), now().c_str());
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unlock(fd);
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printf("[%u][%s] unkock and exit\n", pthread_self(), now().c_str());
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return NULL;
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}
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void* thread2(void* param)
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{
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printf("[%u][%s] to lock\n", pthread_self(), now().c_str());
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const char* file = (const char*)param;
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int fd = lock(file);
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printf("[%u][%s] locked and sleep 6\n", pthread_self(), now().c_str());
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sleep(6);
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unlock(fd);
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printf("[%u][%s] unkock and exit\n", pthread_self(), now().c_str());
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return NULL;
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}
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int main(int argc, char* argv[])
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{
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const char* file = "abc";
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#if X==1
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printf("flock mode\n");
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#elif X==2
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printf("lockf mode\n");
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#elif X==3
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printf("fcntl mode\n");
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#endif
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#if Z==1 // 多线程模式
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printf("thread mode\n");
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pthread_t th1, th2;
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pthread_create(&th1, NULL, thread1, const_cast<char*>(file));
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pthread_create(&th2, NULL, thread2, const_cast<char*>(file));
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pthread_join(th1, NULL);
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pthread_join(th2, NULL);
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#else // 多进程模式
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printf("process mode\n");
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pid_t pid1 = fork();
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if (0 == pid1)
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{
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printf("[%u][%s] to sleep 2\n", getpid(), now().c_str());
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sleep(2);
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printf("[%u][%s] to lock\n", getpid(), now().c_str());
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int fd = lock(file);
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printf("[%u][%s] locked\n", getpid(), now().c_str());
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unlock(fd);
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printf("[%u][%s] unkock and exit\n", getpid(), now().c_str());
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exit(0);
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}
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pid_t pid2 = fork();
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if (0 == pid2)
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{
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printf("[%u][%s] to lock\n", getpid(), now().c_str());
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int fd = lock(file);
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printf("[%u][%s] locked and sleep 6\n", getpid(), now().c_str());
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sleep(6);
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unlock(fd);
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printf("[%u][%s] unkock and exit\n", getpid(), now().c_str());
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exit(0);
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}
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waitpid(pid1, NULL, 0);
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waitpid(pid2, NULL, 0);
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#endif
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return 0;
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}
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