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2008-07-08 14:51:12
if TEST-COMMANDS; then CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS; fi
FILE
参数是 /dev/fd/N
这样的形式,那么就检查文件描述符 “N”。stdin
, stdout
和 stderr
和他们各自的文件描述符也可以用于测试。 Primary | 意义 |
---|---|
[ -a FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在则为真。 |
[ -b FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且是一个块特殊文件则为真。 |
[ -c FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且是一个字特殊文件则为真。 |
[ -d FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且是一个目录则为真。 |
[ -e FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在则为真。 |
[ -f FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且是一个普通文件则为真。 |
[ -g FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且已经设置了SGID则为真。 |
[ -h FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且是一个符号连接则为真。 |
[ -k FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且已经设置了粘制位则为真。 |
[ -p FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且是一个名字管道(F如果O)则为真。 |
[ -r FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且是可读的则为真。 |
[ -s FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且大小不为0则为真。 |
[ -t FD ] |
如果文件描述符 FD 打开且指向一个终端则为真。 |
[ -u FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且设置了SUID (set user ID)则为真。 |
[ -w FILE ] |
如果 FILE 如果 FILE 存在且是可写的则为真。 |
[ -x FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且是可执行的则为真。 |
[ -O FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且属有效用户ID则为真。 |
[ -G FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且属有效用户组则为真。 |
[ -L FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且是一个符号连接则为真。 |
[ -N FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在 and has been mod如果ied since it was last read则为真。 |
[ -S FILE ] |
如果 FILE 存在且是一个套接字则为真。 |
[ FILE1 -nt FILE2 ] |
如果 FILE1 has been changed more recently than FILE2 , or 如果 FILE1 FILE2 does not则为真。 exists and |
[ FILE1 -ot FILE2 ] |
如果 FILE1 比 FILE2 要老, 或者 FILE2 存在且 FILE1 不存在则为真。 |
[ FILE1 -ef FILE2 ] |
如果 FILE1 和 FILE2 指向相同的设备和节点号则为真。 |
[ -o OPTIONNAME ] |
如果 shell选项 “OPTIONNAME” 开启则为真。 |
[ -z STRING ] |
“STRING” 的长度为零则为真。 |
[ -n STRING ] or [ STRING ] |
“STRING” 的长度为非零 non-zero则为真。 |
[ STRING1 == STRING2 ] | 如果2个字符串相同。 “=” may be used instead of “==” for strict POSIX compliance则为真。 |
[ STRING1 != STRING2 ] | 如果字符串不相等则为真。 |
[ STRING1 < STRING2 ] | 如果 “STRING1” sorts before “STRING2” lexicographically in the current locale则为真。 |
[ STRING1 > STRING2 ] | 如果 “STRING1” sorts after “STRING2” lexicographically in the current locale则为真。 |
[ ARG1 OP ARG2 ] | “OP” is one of -eq , -ne , -lt , -le , -gt or -ge . These arithmetic binary operators return true if “ARG1” is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to “ARG2”, respectively. “ARG1” and “ARG2” are integers. |
操作 | 效果 |
---|---|
[ ! EXPR ] | 如果 EXPR 是false则为真。 |
[ ( EXPR ) ] | 返回 EXPR的值。这样可以用来忽略正常的操作符优先级。 |
[ EXPR1 -a EXPR2 ] | 如果 EXPR1 and EXPR2 全真则为真。 |
[ EXPR1 -o EXPR2 ] | 如果 EXPR1 或者 EXPR2 为真则为真。 |
anny ~>
catmsgcheck.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "This scripts checks the existence of the messages file."
echo "Checking..."
if [ -f /var/log/messages ]
then
echo "/var/log/messages exists."
fi
echo
echo "...done."anny ~>
./msgcheck.sh
This scripts checks the existence of the messages file.
Checking...
/var/log/messages exists.
...done.
# These lines will print a message if the noclobber option is set:
if [ -o noclobber ]
then
echo "Your files are protected against accidental overwriting using redirection."
fi
环境 | |
---|---|
以上的例子将在命令行输入后开始工作:
然而,如果你使用依赖环境的测试,当你在脚本中输入相同的命令你可能得到不用的结果,因为脚本会打开一个新的,没有设置预期的变量和选项的shell。 |
?
变量包含了之前执行命令的退出状态(最近完成的前台进程)。 anny ~>
if[ $? -eq 0 ]
More input>
then echo'That was a good job!'
More input>
fi
That was a good job!anny ~>
anny ~>
if! grep $USER
/etc/passwd
More input>
then echo"your user account is not managed locally"
; fi
your user account is not managed locallyanny >
echo$?
0anny >
anny >
grep$USER
/etc/passwd
anny >
if[ $? -ne 0 ]
; then echo"not a local account"
; fi
not a local accountanny >
anny >
num
=`wc -l work.txt`
anny >
echo$num
201anny >
if[ "$num" -gt "150" ]
More input>
then echo ; echo"you've worked hard enough for today."
More input>
echo ; fi
you've worked hard enough for today.anny >
#!/bin/bash
# Calculate the week number using the date command:
WEEKOFFSET=$[ $(date +"%V") % 2 ]
# Test if we have a remainder. If not, this is an even week so send a message.
# Else, do nothing.
if [ $WEEKOFFSET -eq "0" ]; then
echo "Sunday evening, put out the garbage cans." | mail -s "Garbage cans out" your@your_domain.org
if [ "$(whoami)" != 'root' ]; then
echo "You have no permission to run $0 as non-root user."
exit 1;
fi
[ "$(whoami)" != 'root' ] && ( echo you are using a non-privileged account; exit 1 )
anny >
gender
="female"
anny >
if[[ "$gender" == f* ]]
More input>
then echo"Pleasure to meet you, Madame."
; fi
Pleasure to meet you, Madame.anny >
真正的程序员 | |
---|---|
多数程序员更喜欢使用和方括号相同作用的内建的 test 命令,像这样: test "$(whoami)" != 'root' && (echo you are using a non-privileged account; exit 1) |