Linux设备驱动编程之内存与I/O操作(3)

下面的程序在启动的时候保留一段内存，然后使用ioremap将它映射到内核虚拟空间，同时又用remap_page_range映射到用户虚拟空间，这样一来，内核和用户都能访问。如果在内核虚拟地址将这段内存初始化串"abcd"，那么在用户虚拟地址能够读出来：

************mmap_ioremap.c**************/
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include /* for mem_map_(un)reserve */
#include /* for virt_to_phys */
#include /* for kmalloc and kfree */

MODULE_PARM(mem_start, "i");
MODULE_PARM(mem_size, "i");

static int mem_start = 101, mem_size = 10;
static char *reserve_virt_addr;
static int major;

int mmapdrv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
int mmapdrv_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
int mmapdrv_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma);

static struct file_operations mmapdrv_fops =
{
　owner: THIS_MODULE, mmap: mmapdrv_mmap, open: mmapdrv_open, release:
　mmapdrv_release,
};

int init_module(void)
{
　if ((major = register_chrdev(0, "mmapdrv", &mmapdrv_fops)) < 0)
　{
　　printk("mmapdrv: unable to register character device\n");
　　return ( - EIO);
　}
　printk("mmap device major = %d\n", major);

　printk("high memory physical address 0x%ldM\n", virt_to_phys(high_memory) /
1024 / 1024);

　reserve_virt_addr = ioremap(mem_start *1024 * 1024, mem_size *1024 * 1024);
　printk("reserve_virt_addr = 0x%lx\n", (unsigned long)reserve_virt_addr);
　if (reserve_virt_addr)
　{
　　int i;
　　for (i = 0; i < mem_size *1024 * 1024; i += 4)
　　{
　　　reserve_virt_addr[i] = 'a';
　　　reserve_virt_addr[i + 1] = 'b';
　　　reserve_virt_addr[i + 2] = 'c';
　　　reserve_virt_addr[i + 3] = 'd';
　　}
　}
　else
　{
　　unregister_chrdev(major, "mmapdrv");
　　return - ENODEV;
　}
　return 0;
}

/* remove the module */
void cleanup_module(void)
{
　if (reserve_virt_addr)
　　iounmap(reserve_virt_addr);

　unregister_chrdev(major, "mmapdrv");
　return ;
}

int mmapdrv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
　MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;
　return (0);
}

int mmapdrv_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
　MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
　return (0);
}

int mmapdrv_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
　unsigned long offset = vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
　unsigned long size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;

　if (size > mem_size *1024 * 1024)
　{
　　printk("size too big\n");
　　return ( - ENXIO);
　}

　offset = offset + mem_start * 1024 * 1024;

　/* we do not want to have this area swapped out, lock it */
　vma->vm_flags |= VM_LOCKED;
　if (remap_page_range(vma, vma->vm_start, offset, size, PAGE_SHARED))
　{
　　printk("remap page range failed\n");
　　return - ENXIO;
　}
　return (0);
}

--------------------------------------------------------

remap_page_range函数的功能是构造用于映射一段物理地址的新页表，实现了内核空间与用户空间的映射，其原型如下：

int remap_page_range(vma_area_struct *vma, unsigned long from, unsigned long to, unsigned long size, pgprot_tprot);

使用mmap最典型的例子是显示卡的驱动，将显存空间直接从内核映射到用户空间将可提供显存的读写效率。