Linux nfs 服务端配置

我的机器  CentOS 4.4Fianl
[root@localhost n300]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.9-42.EL #1 Sat Aug 12 09:17:58 CDT 2006 i686 athlon i386 GNU/Linux

1:首先确保自己已经安装有nfs服务,测试方式可以为:
#service nfs status
没有unrecognized service之类的错误输出就表示已经安装

2:编辑配置文件/etc/exports,内容简单的可以为:
/home *(rw)

也可以配置更多的参数,如
/home/work 192.168.0.*(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
添加的内容表示：允许ip 地址范围在192.168.0.*的计算机以读写的权限来访问/home/work 目录。
/home也称为服务器输出共享目录。

　　括号内的参数意义描述如下：
　　rw：读/写权限，只读权限的参数为ro；
　　sync：数据同步写入内存和硬盘，也可以使用async，此时数据会先暂存于内存中，而不立即写入硬盘。
　　no_root_squash：NFS 服务器共享目录用户的属性，如果用户是 root，那么对于这个共享目录来说就具有 root 的权限。

3:重启或者启动对应的两个服务:
[root@localhost n300]# service portmap restart
Stopping portmap:                                          [  OK  ]
Starting portmap:                                          [  OK  ]
[root@localhost n300]# service nfs restart
Shutting down NFS mountd:                                  [  OK  ]
Shutting down NFS daemon:                                  [  OK  ]
Shutting down NFS quotas:                                  [  OK  ]
Shutting down NFS services:                                [  OK  ]
Starting NFS services:                                     [  OK  ]
Starting NFS quotas:                                       [  OK  ]
Starting NFS daemon:                                       [  OK  ]
Starting NFS mountd:                                       [  OK  ]
[root@localhost n300]#

4:本机测试或者其他客户端的测试:
>: mount -o nolock 10.78.28.103:/usr/n300 /mnt
mount: RPC: Unable to receive; errno = No route to host
mount: nfsmount failed: Bad file descriptor
mount: Mounting 10.78.28.103:/usr/n300 on /mnt failed: Bad file descriptor

如果有上面类似错误,有可能是如下原因
a:先ping客户端能否连通服务器ip

RPC: Unable to receive; errno = No route to host 的原因

    b:nfs服务器是否有防火墙屏蔽了对应端口
    c:/etc/hosts.deny  /etc/hosts.allow 是否屏蔽了客户端ip

Bad file descriptor的原因
d:/etc/exports配置有问题,确保文件中的"()"是英文的,如果你从其他地方copy有可能出现如上问题

解决办法:
[root@localhost n300]# service iptables stop
Flushing firewall rules:                                   [  OK  ]
Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter                    [  OK  ]
Unloading iptables modules:                                [  OK  ]
[root@localhost n300]# service iptables status
Firewall is stopped.
[root@localhost n300]# cat /etc/hosts
hosts        hosts.allow  hosts.deny
[root@localhost n300]# cat /etc/hosts.deny
#
# hosts.deny    This file describes the names of the hosts which are
#               *not* allowed to use the local INET services, as decided
#               by the '/usr/sbin/tcpd' server.
#
# The portmap line is redundant, but it is left to remind you that
# the new secure portmap uses hosts.deny and hosts.allow.  In particular
# you should know that NFS uses portmap!

[root@localhost n300]# cat /etc/hosts.allow
#
# hosts.allow   This file describes the names of the hosts which are
#               allowed to use the local INET services, as decided
#               by the '/usr/sbin/tcpd' server.
#

[root@localhost n300]#




5: 解决上面问题后应该可以正确的mount了
>: mount -o nolock 10.78.28.103:/usr /mnt
mount: 10.78.28.103:/usr failed, reason given by server: Permission denied  #还是有错,iptable在作怪
mount: nfsmount failed: Bad file descriptor
mount: Mounting 10.78.28.103:/usr on /mnt failed: Bad file descriptor
>:
>:
>:####自给解决上面的错误
>:
>: mount -o nolock 10.78.28.103:/usr/n300 /mnt   ##正确了
>:
>:
>: df
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                 6.6M      6.6M         0 100% /
/dev/mtdblock/5           1.0M     68.0k    956.0k   7% /info
/dev/mtdblock/6          42.0M      3.3M     38.7M   8% /apps
/dev/mtdblock/7           5.0M    196.0k      4.8M   4% /logs
10.78.28.218:/home/webserver      8.4G      7.2G    780.8M  90% /tmp/mnt
10.78.28.103:/usr/n300      9.6G      6.7G      2.4G  73% /mnt