Lich

This article is about the undead creature. For other uses, see .

A lich as depicted in .
In modern , a lich (IPA: ) (sometimes spelled liche, to Leiche "corpse") is a type of creature, usually formerly a powerful or king, who has used evil rituals to bind his intellect to his animated corpse and thereby achieve a perverse form of . Liches are depicted as being clearly cadaverous (as opposed to the generally more appealing forms of ), their bodies desiccated or even completely skeletal. Liches are often depicted as holding power over hordes of lesser undead creatures, using them as their soldiers and servants, and thus are a threat both individually and as leaders of belligerent forces.

Various works of fantasy fiction, such as 's "Empire of the Necromancers", had used lich as a general term for any corpse, animated or inanimate, before the term's specific use in fantasy role-playing games. The more recent use of the term for a specific type of undead creature originates from the 1977 for the . by

Historical background

The lich developed from monsters found in earlier classic 's short stories feature powerful wizards whose magic enables them to return from the dead. Several stories by (such as the novelette and the short story ) feature undying sorcerers who retain a semblance of life through mystical means, their bodies reduced to shriveled husks which they manage to maintain mobile and active. , one of the co-creators of Dungeons & Dragons, has stated that he based the description of a lich included in the game on the short story The Sword of the Sorcerer. The term "lich", used as an archaic word for corpse (or body), is commonly used in these stories. Other imagery surrounding demiliches, in particular that of a jeweled skull, is drawn from the early story "Thieves' House". fiction, which is filled with powerful sorcerers who use their magic to triumph over death. Many of by

In and the , the word "" refers to a covered area at the entrance to the cemetery where the . In fantasy, the lich is an undead creature that was never buried in a grave. This is different from other types of undead creatures, such as and , which were buried and subsequently returned from the dead. awaits the clergy before proceeding into the cemetery for proper burial, "lych" being a word meaning body or corpse derived from

The underlying idea of eluding death by means of arcane study and black magic can be traced to , and the method of achieving immortality by placing one's soul in a (which is usually hidden in some vast fortress) is suggestive of the burial practices of . This would make the lich a very-far-from-its-roots mythologization of Egyptian . (For the Ancient Egyptians, the purpose of the and the physical world [the latter to commune with its descendants].) was to provide a place for the soul to fly back to; it was free to exist in both the

Eastern legends tell of a powerful dark wizard or a demon, the Deathless, who evades death by having his fiery soul placed in the eye of a magical needle. The needle is inside an egg, which is inside a duck, which is inside a hare, which is locked in an iron chest placed at the roots of a great oak tree on the magical island of . Koschei can be killed only by breaking the magical needle, which is much like the of a lich. This image is consistent with the modern interpretation of the lich, possibly marking it as the "truer" origin of the concept. In 's , the villain, , wanted to extend his life, so he split his soul into several parts, storing them in precious artifacts special to him, creating . The horcruxes had to be destroyed before himself could actually die. The horcrux is thus similar to a lich's phylactery.

Liches in Dungeons & Dragons

Main article:

In the D&D for inspiration), a is a who seeks to defy death by magical means. They are necromancers who are unsatisfied with the level of power that they currently have, wish for longer lives, and seek to unburden themselves from the necessities of bodily functions (such as eating and sleeping) so that they might dedicate every moment of their existence to the attainment of knowledge and power. Liches convert themselves into skeletal and , storing their in magical receptacles called . They do so to extend their lives in order to study the deepest levels of magic. With their souls bound to material focuses, they can never truly die. If its body is destroyed, a lich can simply regenerate or find a new one. According to the Dungeons & Dragons mythos, the only way truly to destroy a lich is first to destroy its phylactery, thereby removing its anchor to the material world, and then to destroy its physical form. Since removing one's own soul in order to evade mortality is against the natural order of the universe, and the process involved in becoming a lich is unspeakably evil, they are almost always evil-aligned ( is a canonical example). Rarely, a lich can be good or neutral due to the events driving them to become a lich. They are among the more powerful and dangerous undead, and are frequently served by other undead creatures. A lich can only create one phylactery, which if lost can never be replaced . game (and other works of fantasy fiction that draw upon creatures by means of

Liches in Popular Culture

In the MMORPG , Masterminds can summon three lower pets, two regular pets, and one large pet. The large pet of masterminds with the primary power of Necromancy is called a Lich.

In the strategy game Heroes of Might and Magic, they are represented generally as decorated skeletons with staves. They are ranged attackers and have attacks which focus on destroying living creatures. Various heroes, mostly Necromancers, have voluntarily given their life as a human in exchange for permanent "life" as a lich to continue their studies, and to preserve their beauty in death.

Liches are also present in the game , where they appear as near skeletal (but still skinned) powerful undead mages in robes and a helmet with power to summon lesser skeletons and zombies to aid them in defeating the player. The lich Barilzar appears in the previous game, , as a robed skeleton mage of tremendous power.

In the lore Liches are powerful beings with the typical characteristics. Most of them are powerful spellcasters being turned into Liches by the Lich King. The second expansion of the online game is themed around Arthas, who fused his spirit with that of Ner'Zhul, the previous Lich King, by donning Ner'Zhul's helm (essentially the phylactery), becoming a single entity.

In , the Lich Lord is a powerful boss who appears in the last few missions of the Nightfall and Prophecies campaigns.

In the , there is an effect zombie monster named 'Lich Lord'.

In most installments of the Final Fantasy series there are enemies called Liches.

In Raleigh, NC there is a fledgeling video game company named 'Lich King Studios'.

In the webcomic , the main villain, Xykon, is a lich.

In the Korean , , based on Welsh and Celtic mythology, there is a boss monster who summons ghosts called, "(Demi)Liche" or "(Demi)Riche". It is called Riche, because The "L" and "R" sound the same in korean.

In the multiplayer online fantasy game there are Liches that drop their Phylactery when they are killed.

In 's well-known '' a lich is a zombie whose body was forced oxygen after death, allowing the resurrected zombie to retain most, if not all of its former human intelligence and memories, as well as acquiring various supernatural powers.

In the popular , the creatures known as the Majharrat are supposedly liches.