http://www.onlinesoftshop.net/blog/article.asp?id=295
作者:江蓝 日期:2007-11-07
1.如何查看SAP系统的位数？
system——status看 Platform ID
Platform 32-bit 64-bit
----------------------------------------------------------------
DEC-Alpha --- 288
HP-UX 272 273
RM600 322 323
AIX 320 324
SUN 369 370
WINNT 560
2.How can I find out if a 64-bit database is in use?
ST04 --〉 'Detail analysis menu' -->'V＄Tables' --> 'V＄Version'
The string '64-bit version' is output for 64-bit versions
3.What combinations of database software and R/3 kernel are possible?
32-bit database with 32-bit R/3 kernel
64-bit database with 64-bit R/3 kernel
64-bit database with 32-bit R/3 kernel
Not supported: 32-bit database with 64-bit R/3 kernel
4.SAP内存管理(33576)
5.Where can I get a list of all transaction codes in SAP?
The following tables hold all SAP transactions:
Table TSTC stores all transaction codes and their respective ABAP program.
Table TSTCT stores the text (or description) for each transaction.
Table THSTC has also documentation for all transaction. It is a copy of TSTCT.
Table TSTCP stores the possible parameters for each transaction.
6.Where can I get a list of all tables in SAP?
Table DD02L stores all tables in SAP.
7.How can I hide a client from the users?
There is no way to actually hide a client but there is a workaround: delete the entry in table T000 via SCC4. This way, nobody will able to log on to it. To “unhide” it, simply re-create the entry via SCC4.
8.How can I lock a client?
You can use one of these two: 1) delete the entry in table T000 via SCC4; 2) run tp locksys/unlocksys at the OS level.
9.How can I determine the size of a client?
You can run a local client copy in “test” mode.
10.How can I see all the available icons in SAP?
Execute transaction BIBS and select Elements -> Icon Overview.
You can use the code that appears on the last column in order to put icons in system messages (SM02).
11.What happens if I start a dialog instance but the database and SAP services are down on the central instance?
The SAP_xx and SAPOSCOL services will start.
However, the work processes will end soon after being started.
12.What happens if I start a dialog instance but only the database services are up on the central instance?
The SAP services will start and so will the work processes. However, because the message server is down on the central instance users will get the message “No logon possible (no hardware ID received by message server) when trying to log on. No user logins will work. The “Process List” in the SAP MMC will stay in yellow.
13.Can I import transports between different R/3 releases?
Read the technical and logical problems SAP reports when doing transports between different R/3 releases.
SAP Notes 126776 and 330267.
14.I lost the password for SAP*. What can I do?
You can delete the record for SAP* in table USR02 as follows:
delete USR02 where BNAME=”SAP*” and MANDT=’XXX’;
commit;
Replace ‘XXX’ for a valid client number.
15.Can SAP be installed on FAT or FAT32 partitions?
No. SAP needs to be installed on NTFS partitions only.
16.How can I quickly check if the passwords for the accounts SAP*, DDIC, SAPCPIC and EarlyWatch are not the default ones?
Run SE38 and execute report RSUSR003.
17.Can I copy just data from client to another?
No. There is no copy profile that allows you to copy just data.
For this you need to configure and use ALE or buy a third-party program that has this type of functionality.
18.Can Query Analyzer tell me if there is insufficient disk space to restore a database?
Yes. It will display message (Msg) 3257 indicating that there is not enough disk space to perform the restore.
19.Disable Multiple Logins in the Same Client
To disable multiple user logins within the same client implement this parameter in the instance profile:
login/disable_multi_gui_login = 1
If you do not use this parameter in your system, users have the ability to ignore the warning window at the time they try to login to the same client.
Activating this parameter in your system will make you look good if you get audited!
How about exceptional logins?
In case you're wondering how to allow multiple logins for certain key users you can implement parameter login/multi_login_users. You can list the user IDs that should be ignored if the parameter above is active in your system
20.Roles with Restricted Company Codes and Values
Do you need to find out what roles you have set up with restricted company code values for specific authorization objects?
If your company has changed its company code (BURK) and if you have limited access to a particular company code in your roles, you will have to adjust the roles to use the new company code or to use * for any code.
But, how do you quickly find out what roles you need to adjust?
Simple. Query table AGR_1252 and check the contents of the LOW and HIGH fields. You can use your favorite query tool (Query Analyzer in SQL Server for example) or use transaction SE16 or SE11 within SAP.
Here is a sample query:
select MANDT, AGR_NAME, VARBL, LOW, HIGH
from AGR_1252
where MANDT='100'
and (LOW <>' or HIGH <>')
and (LOW <>'*' and HIGH <>'*')
and AGR_NAME not like 'SAP%'
The above query looks for any non-SAP role in client 100 where either LOW or HIGH have anything different than *.
You'll get a list of the roles you need to adjust to use the new company code.
21.View Locked Transactions
As you know, you can lock/unlock transaction codes via SM01.
But, how do you go about viewing the transactions that are locked in the system?
You need to look in field CINFO, table TSTC.
Within SAP, you can use either SE11 or SE16 to browse the table contents.
Make sure you enter "A0" as the "HEX01 data element for SYST" starting value and "A9" as the ending value.
This will list all the transactions locked in the system.
Note: The CINFO field description is "HEX01 data element for SYST".
22.Logging on to SAP using SAPSHCUT
You need to pass these parameters:
-sysname = entry name in SAPLogon
-client = client number
-user = user ID
-pw = password (in plain text)
Optionally, you can pass parameter -command to execute a transaction upon logon.
See example below:
sapshcut -sysname=SAP Production -client=000 -user=sap* -pw=06071992 -command=SM04
For more information, run SAPSHCUT /?
23.Fast Logon to an SAP Server
You can log on to an SAP server quickly using the "SAPGUI" executable.
This way, you do not even need SAPLogon.
At the command prompt type:
sapgui hostname instnumber
Example:
sapgui myprd 00
The example above lets you log on to the server "myprd" with instance number 00.
The SAPGUI.exe is located under the "SAPgui" directory. You either need to put this directory in your system's path or change to the directory to be able to log on as indicated above.
24.Saving Passwords for SAP shortcuts
Passwords are not saved in shortcuts created within SAPGUI. In fact, when you edit a shortcut the password field is grayed out.
Why? Because you need to first register the SAPshortcuts using:
sapshcut -register
SAPSHCUT.exe is located under the SAPpcsapgui directory. In SAPGUI 4.0 it was called SAPSH.exe.
Once you do the registration you need to open the registry (regedit or regedt32) and change the value data of "EnablePassword" to "1" under:
HKCU\Software\SAP\SAPShortcut\Security
Then, you will be able to type and save your passwords.
25.SAP table with Version and Instance name
USAP R/3 stores its version, instance name and OS platform in tables!
This is excellent as you can then query the database to get the R/3 version, Instance Name and OS platform as follows:
select * from SVERS
select * from TSLE4
You don't even have to log on to the application to get this info. The above query gives it to you in less than 1 second.
26.Logging on to SAPNet directly (bypass OSS1)
You can logon to SAPNet -R/3 FrontEnd without using transaction OSS1.
This way you don't have to open an SAP session just to log on to SAPNet.
Here is how to do it:
a. Create the file "saproute.ini" under the %winnt% directory and add the following two entries:
[Router]
sapservX=/H/your-SAProuter-internal-IP-address/H/SAPServX-IP-address/H/
Example:
sapserv4=/H/200.10.10.24/H/204.79.199.2/H/
200.10.10.24 is my SAP router's IP address.
204.79.199.2 is SAPServ4's IP address.
b. Create the file "sapmsg.ini" under the %winnt% directory and add the following two entries:
[Message Server]
O01=oss001.wdf.sap-ag.de
c. Open the SAPLogon program (it is part of the SAP FrontEnd software -SAPGUI, on your PC).
d. Click on the "Groups" button.
e. Click on the down arrow for "SAP Router for" and select your SAPServX from the list.
f. Click on the "Generate list" button.
g. Select "1_PUBLIC" from the list of groups.
h. Click on the "Add and Logon" button.
You're done! You can change the name of the SAPNet session in SAPLogon if you want to.
No more typing OSS1!
27.Determining who executed a transport
se11-->tplog
28.HP11i安装oracle 920 时出错，"Error in invoking target install of make file ＄ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk"?
login os level as user root,cd /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/lib/libX11.3 libX11.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXIE.2 libXIE.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXext.3 libXext.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXhp11.3 libXhp11.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXi.3 libXi.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXm.4 libXm.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXp.2 libXp.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXt.3 libXt.sl
ln -s /usr/lib/libXtst.2 libXtst.sl
note:499055,97953
29.install sap support package ,upgrade kernel(19466)?
Notes: 447925(old),782140(new),664679(special feature on windows)
30.DB13做数据库备份或check时，出现ORA-01031: insufficient privileges?
Download sapdba_role.sql from sap website and execute it
31.install sap online help ?
SR13 (Note: 101481)
32.HPUX中如何查看主机序列号？
cstm --> sele dev 1 -->il 或cstm -->selall -->info-->il
33.sap 系统编译？
sgen
34.如何批量产生profile？
supc
35.如何在sap中(不用登陆到sap网站)查看develop key?
se16-->devaccess
36.setting Early Watch Alert(EWA) ?
Note:207223,91488,69455
37.hpux下查看磁带上有哪些文件？
frecover -rNsv -f /dev/rmt/0m
38.查看磁带信息？
brbackup -q check -u /
brbackup -i show
39.How to check unix kernel parameters and swap space?
memlimits (sap must be stopped first!)
40.check sap parameter
sappfpar (os) or
se38-->rspfpar(or rsparam)
41.install sap
note: 534334 653172(IDES) 722273(for linux)
42.How to save request number to local?
se38-->rstxscrp
43.包含所有tcode信息的table(S)?
TSTC,TSTCT
44.清理trans目录？(note:41732)
tp cleanbuffer
tp check all pf=...
tp clearold all pf=...
45.saprouter相关
niping -s (server端)
niping -c -H target_host (client端)
saprouter -r (start saprouter)
直接输入niping and saprouter for help
46.oss1连接不上的相关note: 33135,21477,33261
47.如何建立OSS服务及vpn连接？note：486688，41054
48.ocs(online correction supports)的相关note:97620
49.Abap programs for check and cleanup?(note:16083)
50.如何建立开发类?
sm30-->输入表名v_tdevc-->maintain
51.如何检查语言包安装的是否正确？
se38-->rscp0018
52.如何控制权限设置里面的control level?
53.在Frontend上设置打印环境变量LP_CMD=\saplpd\saplpd.exe -f&F -c&C -P&P
打印进程saplpd将会在打印完毕后自动结束(note:150533)
s0003312733/i977g620
s0003572710
54.怎么样dump数据库内部结构，如上面显示的控制文件的结构
常见的有
(1)、分析数据文件块，转储数据文件n的块m
alter system dump datafile n block m
(2)、分析日志文件
alter system dump logfile logfilename;
(3)、分析控制文件的内容
alter session set events 'immediate trace name CONTROLF level 10'
(4)、分析所有数据文件头
alter session set events 'immediate trace name FILE_HDRS level 10'
(5)、分析日志文件头
alter session set events 'immediate trace name REDOHDR level 10'
(6)、分析系统状态，最好每10分钟一次，做三次对比
alter session set events 'immediate trace name SYSTEMSTATE level 10'
(7)、分析进程状态
alter session set events 'immediate trace name PROCESSSTATE level 10'
(8)、分析Library Cache的详细情况
alter session set events 'immediate trace name library_cache level 10'
55.安装oracle时在link pending..时hang住不动？
需要设置变量LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1(不同版本，值会不同)
56.oracle中安装statspack
(1).create tablespace perfstat
(2).@＄ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/spcreate
(3).exec statspack.snap(抽样2次，可选)
(4).@＄ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/spreport
57.怎么获得当前的SCN
9i以下版本
select max(ktuxescnw*power(2,32)+ktuxescnb) from x＄ktuxe;
如果是9i以上版本，还可以通过以下语句获取
select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual;
58.怎么样获取对象的DDL语句
9i以上版本的dbms_metadata
(1)、获得单个对象的DDL语句
set heading off
set echo off
set feedback off
set pages off
set long 90000
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','TABLENAME','SCAME') from dual;
(2)、如果获取整个用户的脚本，可以用如下语句
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE',u.table_name) from user_tables u;
当然，如果是索引，则需要修改相关table到index
59.如何使用Hint提示
在select/delete/update后写/*+ hint */
如 select /*+ index(TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME) */ col1...
注意/*和+之间不能有空格
如用hint指定使用某个索引
select /*+ index(cbotab) */ col1 from cbotab;
select /*+ index(cbotab cbotab1) */ col1 from cbotab;
select /*+ index(a cbotab1) */ col1 from cbotab a;
其中
TABLE_NAME是必须要写的，且如果在查询中使用了表的别名，在hint也要用表的别名来代替表名;
INDEX_NAME可以不必写，Oracle会根据统计值选一个索引;
如果索引名或表名写错了，那这个hint就会被忽略;
60.在redhat linux 9下安装ides470x110,安装到dbinstance时出现错误，rfc connection open error!
检查dev_w*,有如下记录:
*** ERROR => shmget(10033,0,480) (0: Success) [shmux.c 1873]B dbtbxbuf: Shm Segment 33: Cannot create/attachB ***LOG BBB=> ADM message TBX buffer: function shmcreate1 returns RC = 2 [dbtbxbuf#9 @ 1388] [dbtbxbuf1388 ]
***LOG BZL=> internal error in table buffer: table buf init fail [dbtbxbuf#9 @ 1647] [dbtbxbuf1647 ]
dbtbxbuf: return code (sap_rc): 2, Buffer TBX_SINGLE will not be available
db_tbpinit failed
*** ERROR => ThCallHooks: event handler db_init for event Create_SHM failed [thxxtool3.c 237]
*** ERROR => ThIPCInit: hook failed [thxxhead.c 1656]
***LOG R19=> tskh_init, ThIPCInit ( TSKH-IPC-000001) [thxxhead.c 1159]
in_ThErrHandle: 1
*** ERROR => tskh_init: ThIPCInit (step 1, th_errno 17, action 3, level 1) [thxxhead.c 8437]
解决办法:下载最新的kernel patch和LIB_DBSL
61.怎么样给sqlplus安装帮助
SQLPLUS的帮助必须手工安装，shell脚本为＄ORACLE_HOME/bin/helpins
在安装之前，必须先设置SYSTEM_PASS环境变量，如：
＄ setenv SYSTEM_PASS SYSTEM/MANAGER
＄ helpins
如果不设置该环境变量，将在运行脚本的时候提示输入环境变量
当然，除了shell脚本，还可以利用sql脚本安装，那就不用设置环境变量了，但是，我们必须以system登录。
＄ sqlplus system/manager
SQL>@ ?\sqlplus\admin\help\hlpbld.sql ?\sqlplus\admin\help\helpus.sql
62.Solution manager 安装support pkg note：662441
63.client 分析工具
ABAP program： MULTICLIENT_ANALYSIS
Multiclient Manager： (Transaction MCLIMAN)
64.ABAP程序分析
slin: syntax check
se38: Runtime analysis
65.安装MSN之后就登录不了sap系统，错误提示“service sapdpxx unknown”
解决办法：开始----运行----regedit,这样就可以修改注册表了，修改下面的值就可以:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
将"DataBasePath" 的值
%SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc 的%SystemRoot%部分更改为变量的实际值，
如win2000为C:\winnt,xp或2003为C:\windows
66.分析sap buffer
RSDBBUFF
67.Delete jobs
RSBTCDEL
68.问题描述：升级SAP kernel后，用db13备份database和archived log时出错：数据库备份成功，
但log不备份；用brarchive单独备份log时，虽然能备份，但有ora-01017的错误，提示用户名/密码
无效，无法connect DB。怀疑原因可能是新的kernel使用default的用户/密码去连接DB。
解决办法：用sapdba/brtools将SAP的密码恢复为初始值，同时确认br*的执行程序的权限为4755。
69. check sap profile
sappfpar check pf=profile_name
70.Oracle 客户端字符集的设置问题
客户端：NLS_LANG=_.中的Clients Characterset与，
服务器端：nls_characterset 要一致.language和territory根据本地情况设置，如中国则设置为
set nls_lang=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA. 或修改注册表键值NLS_LANG
71.查找表字段的方法
se11、se15-->abap dictionary-->fields
72.外网访问sap的方法(非vpn)
给saprouter分配一个公网ip，防火墙开放3299端口，即可
73.设置好online help后，访问时提示
"Internet Explorer 不能链接到您请求的网页。此页可能暂时不可用。"
原因：微软的安全限制问题()
解决办法：
REGEDIT4
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\HTMLHelp]
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\HTMLHelp\1.x\ItssRestrictions]
"MaxAllowedZone"=dword:00000003
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\HTMLHelp]
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\HTMLHelp\1.x\ItssRestrictions]
"UrlAllowList"="\\192.168.99.208\docu;file://\\192.168.99.208\docu;\\192.168.99.208/docu"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\HTMLHelp]
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\HTMLHelp\1.x\ItssRestrictions]
"NestedProtocolList"="http:;ftp:"
将上述键值保存成注册表文件，然后导入注册表即可
74.导入support pkg中断，重新导入时出错，该如何处理？
a.删除pat03表patch字段中与该sp对应的记录，清除table pat01，pat10
b.用tp delfrombuffer删除对应的request(先用tp showbuffer查看)(STMS)
tp showbuffer pf=E:\usr\sap\trans\bin\tp_domain_c11.pfl
tp delfrombufferpf=e:\usr\sap\trans\bin\tp_domain_c11.pfl
c.重新导入,完成后再执行下一步：75
75.ERROR: Background job RDDIMPDP could not be started or terminated
abnormally.
Please check that the R/3 system is running.
Please check the system. Use transactions SM21, SM37, SM50.
10:23:22 DIA 0 000 SAPSYS EH1 Event handler: Event ###
(#Ba###Hr[###tV#Pi# z^@##W`># is not defined
10:24:22 DIA 0 000 SAPSYS EH1 Event handler: Event
#ak#######`#J###9###U##O0#WA###0 is not defined
solution:SAP note 745468
* 更新 e:\usr\sap\\SYS\exe\run\sapevt.exe 的版本至3或以上
76. SM37的作业 SAP_COLLECTOR_FOR_PERFMONITOR 出现 EXPORT_TOO_MUCH_DATA 错误
见NOTES：580352 (COLLECT_OVERFLOW with SAP_COLLECTOR_FOR_PERFMONITOR)
解决：NOTES：580352，导入PATCH解决。
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