计算机操作系统技术特征综合对比

在下面的表格中，很多广泛使用的和当前可用的操作系统的技术特征：

OS	Supported architectures	Supported file systems	Kernel Name	Kernel type	Multitasking Supported	GUI on by default
AIX	POWER, PPC	JFS, JFS2, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, SMBFS, GPFS	UNIX System V	Monolithic Dynamic Extendable	Yes	No
AmigaOS	68k, PPC (x86 Clone available see AROS)	Proprietary (OFS, FFS,SFS, PFS), FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd party drivers	Amiga Exec	Microkernel	Yes	Yes
FreeBSD	x86, x86-64, PC98, SPARC, others	UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, ReiserFS (read only), XFS (experimental), ZFS (experimental) and others	FreeBSD kernel	Monolithic with modules	Yes	No
HP-UX	PA-RISC,IA-64	VxFS, HFS, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, SMBFS	UNIX System V	Monolithic with modules	Yes	No
GNU/Linux	x86, x86-64, PPC, SPARC, Alpha, others	ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, and others	Linux kernel	Monolithic with modules	Yes
Inferno	x86, PPC, SPARC, Alpha, MIPS, others	Styx/9P2000, kfs, FAT, ISO 9660	Inferno kernel	Monolithic with modules, user space file systems	Yes	Yes
Mac OS Classic	68k, PPC	HFS+, HFS, AFP, ISO 9660, FAT, UDF	Mac OS kernel	Monolithic with modules	Yes	Yes
Mac OS X	PPC, x86	HFS+ (default), HFS, UFS, AFP, ISO 9660, FAT, UDF, NFS, SMBFS, NTFS (read only), FTP, WebDAV	XNU (Darwin kernel)	Hybrid	Yes	Yes
NetBSD	x86, x86-64, PPC, SPARC, 68k, Alpha, others	UFS, UFS2, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, LFS, and others	NetBSD kernel	Monolithic with modules	Yes	No
NetWare	x86	NSS, NWFS, FAT, NFS, AFP, UDF, CIFS, ISO 9660	NetWare kernel	Hybrid	Yes	Yes
OES-Linux	x86 PPC	NSS, NFS, AFP, UDF, CIFS, ISO 9660, Netware Traditional File System	Linux kernel	Monolithic with modules	Yes	No
OpenBSD	x86, x86-64, SPARC, 68k, Alpha, VAX, others	ffs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, some others	OpenBSD kernel	Monolithic with modules	Yes	No
OpenVMS	VAX, Alpha, IA-64	Files-11, ISO 9660, NFS	VMS kernel	Monolithic with modules	Yes	No
OS/2	x86	HPFS, JFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS	OS/2 kernel	Hybrid	No	No
PC-BSD	x86 10	UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, ReiserFS (read only), XFS (experimental) and others		Monolithic with modules		Yes
Plan 9	x86, Alpha, MIPS, PPC, SPARC, others	fossil/venti, 9P2000, kfs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660	Plan 9 kernel	Monolithic, user space file systems	Yes	Yes
ReactOS	x86, Power PC	FAT	ReactOS kernel	Hybrid	Yes	Yes
RISC OS	ARM (both 26 and 32-bit)	Acorn ADFS, Econet ANFS, FAT, ISO9660, many others as loadable filesystems	RISC OS kernel	Unprotected monotasking microkernel with large number of relocatable modules	Yes	Yes
Solaris	x86, x86-64, SPARC	UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, QFS, some others	Solaris kernel	Monolithic with modules	Yes	Yes
STOP 6 / XTS-400	x86	proprietary	XTS kernel	Monolithic	Yes	No
Windows Server	x86, x86-64, IA-64	NTFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers support ext2, ext3, reiserfs9	Windows NT kernel	Hybrid	Yes	Yes
Windows	x86, x86-64	NTFS, FAT ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers support ext2, ext3, reiserfs9	Windows NT kernel for Wndows XP, Vista	Hybrid	Yes	Yes
ZETA	x86	BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, HFS, AFP, ext2, CIFS, NTFS (read only), ReiserFS (read only, up to v3.6)	BeOS	Modular Microkernel	Yes	Yes

Primary APIs	Resource access control	Subsystem isolation mechanisms	Integrated firewall	Encrypted file systems
SysV, POSIX	Unix, ACLs	chroot	IP Filter, IPSec VPNs, basic IDS	No
Proprietary, POSIX environment functions available thru GNU licensed Amiga ixemul.library			No	No
BSD, POSIX	Unix, ACLs, MAC	chroot, jail, MAC Partitions	IPFW2, IPFilter, PF	Yes
SysV, POSIX	Unix, ACLs	chroot	IPFilter	No
POSIX	Unix, ACLs, MAC	chroot, Capability-based security11, seccomp, SELinux, IPSec	Netfilter/Varied by distribution	Yes
proprietary	Unix	Namespaces
proprietary, Carbon	none	none	none	No
Carbon, Cocoa, BSD/POSIX, X11 (since 10.3)	Unix, ACLs	chroot	ipfw	Yes
BSD, POSIX	Unix, Veriexec	chroot, systrace	IPFilter, PF	Yes
proprietary	Directory-enabled ACLs	Protected Address Spaces	IPFLT.NLM	Yes
proprietary	Directory-enabled ACLs	chroot	IPFilter	Yes
BSD, POSIX	Unix	chroot, systrace	PF	Yes
proprietary, Unix-like	ACLs, Privileges	logical name tables
proprietary	ACLs	none	none	No
BSD, POSIX	Unix, ACLs, MAC	chroot, jail, MAC Partitions	IPFW2, IPFilter, PF	Yes
Unix-like (and optional POSIX compatibility layer)	Unix	Namespaces	ipmux	Yes
Windows API
Huge number of SWI calls; extensive C libraries
SysV, POSIX	Unix, RBAC, ACLs, Privileges, Trusted Extension	chroot, Containers	IPFilter	Yes
some SysV, some POSIX, some Linux, some proprietary	Unix, Multilevel security, Biba mandatory integrity, ACLs, Privileges, subtype mechanism	Multilevel security, Biba Integrity Model, subtype mechanism	customer would have to install their own application	No
Windows API, .NET	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall,IPSec TCP\IP Filtering	Yes
Windows API, .NET	ACLs	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall (XP and later), TCP\IP Filtering (NT Based systems), IPSec	Yes (NTFS Only)
POSIX, BeOS API	Unix	none	none	No

---

在下面的表格中，是许多广泛使用的和当前可用的操作系统（OS）。

操作系统	创建者	第一次公共发布	被取代者	分发	首选的许可证	目标系统类型
AIX	IBM	1986	System V R3	与硬件绑定	所有权	服务器，网络用具，工作站
AmigaOS	Amiga Inc.	July 23, 1985	TRIPOS（作为 AmigaOS 磁盘操作系统的部件）	与硬件绑定	所有权，在 GNU GPL 下复制可用	工作站，家庭桌面
FreeBSD	FreeBSD Project	December 1993	386BSD	自由	BSD	服务器，工作站，网络器具，嵌入式的
HP-UX	Hewlett-Packard	1983	Unix	每个许可证掌管	所有权	服务器，工作站
i5/OS	IBM	1988	OS/400	与硬件绑定	所有权	服务器
IRIX	SGI	1998	Unix	与硬件绑定和从 SGI 支持	所有权	服务器，工作站
Inferno	Bell Labs	1997	Plan 9	自由	MIT，GNU GPL，GNU LGPL，LPL	网络器具，服务器，嵌入式的
GNU/Linux	GNU Project, Linus Torvalds 和 al	1992	Unix, Minix	通常自由	GNU GPL 和其他许可证	桌面，工作站，服务器（版本独立的）
Mac OS	Apple Inc.	January 1984	None	与旧版 Macs 绑定，Free with OS X for PowerPC	所有权	工作站，家庭桌面
Mac OS X	Apple Inc.	March 2001	NeXTSTEP，OPENSTEP，Rhapsody，Mac OS	与硬件绑定同时也单独出售	开源核心系统（Intel 和Power PC 版本）（APSL, GPL, others），有所有权更高的 API 层	工作站，家庭桌面
Mac OS X Server				与硬件绑定同时也单独出售		服务器
NetBSD	The NetBSD Project	May 1993	386BSD	自由	BSD	网络器具，服务器，工作站，嵌入式的
NetWare	Novell	1985	S-Net	每个连接掌管	所有权	服务器
OpenBSD	The OpenBSD Project	October 1995	NetBSD 1.0	自由	BSD	服务器，网络器具，工作站，嵌入式
OpenVMS	DEC（现在是 HP）	February 1978	RSX-11M	对非商业应用免费	所有权	服务器，工作站
OS/2	IBM 和 Microsoft	December 1987	MS-DOS	每个许可证掌管	所有权	家庭桌面，服务器
PC-BSD	PC-BSD Software	2006	FreeBSD	自由	BSD	桌面，工作站，服务器
Plan 9	Bell Labs	1993	Unix	自由	LPL	工作站，服务器，嵌入式的，HPC
ReactOS	ReactOS development team	1996	Windows NT	自由	GNU GPL, GNU LGPL	工作站，家庭桌面
RISC OS	Acorn Computers, RISC OS Limited	April 1989	ARTHUR，BBC Master OS	每个许可证掌管	所有权的，最初与计算机绑定	教育性桌面，家庭计算机
Solaris	Sun	July 1992	SunOS	自由	CDDL	服务器，工作站
STOP 6 / XTS-400	BAE Systems	2003	STOP 5 / XTS-300	每个许可证掌管	所有权	服务器，工作站，跨域解决方案，网络防护
Windows Server	Microsoft	July 27, 1993	Windows 2000	每个许可证掌管	所有权	服务器，网络器具，嵌入式的，HPC
Microsoft Windows	Microsoft	November 20, 1985	MS-DOS, VMS, OS/2	每个许可证掌管	所有权	工作站，家庭桌面，媒体中心，平板PC，嵌入式的
ZETA	yellowTAB	June 2005	BeOS R5	每个许可证掌管	所有权	家庭桌面，媒体工作站