debian编译内核模块

使用debian的module-assistant工具是非常方便自己添加内核模块的。
如果官方内核中没有某个模块，可以直接使用module-assistant来添加。
1.安装对应版本的内核头文件
2.使用module-assistant auto-install module_name安装

MODULE-ASSISTANT(8)                                                  MODULE-ASSISTANT(8)NAME       module-assistant - manage kernel modules packagesSYNOPSIS       module-assistant  [ -fihnqstv ] [ -k source/headers directory ] [ -l kernel versions ] { update | search | prepare | auto-       install | list | list-available | list-installed | auto-unpacked | get | build | install | clean | purge | fakesource }    [       pkg ... ]       m-a ...DESCRIPTION       module-assistant  is the command-line tool for handling module-source packages that have been prepared for the Debian dis‐       tribution. It helps users to build and install module package(s) easily for one or more custom kernels.       Unless the -h, or --help option is given, one of the commands below should be present to invoke a function explicitly.  If       no  (or no valid) command is specified and the dialog tool is available, a simple graphical user interface will pop up and       guide you trough the available functionality.       NOTE: don't even think about using some random linux-source-x.y.z package contents (or linux-x.y.z tarball from the Inter‐       net)  to  specify  the  kernel source for your currently running kernel. Don't! Those source is not exactly what have been       used to build the running kernel and its configuration most likely does not match yours. You need  the  configured  kernel       source  directory or at least the derived linux-headers-... package containing the kernel configuration for the exact ker‐       nel version (complete version string).  If you do not understand anything of the above, run "m-a prepare" and/or  look  at       the  description  and  contents    of  some linux-headers-... package.  Please run the module-assistant prepare command once       before you do anything else.       For some packages, linux-headers (reduced source) is not enough. You will have the choice to run a  completely  customized       kernel, or to recreate the source that have been used to build the current one. The fakesource function may be useful, see       below.       In order to configure a kernel source properly, you need to make sure that the file version.h is  generated.  To  get  it,       configure  the  options    as  usual  (make menuconfig etc.)  and run make dep (for kernel 2.4.x) or make prepare (for newer       ones).COMMANDS       Most commands require a specification of the package names that they should be applied on.   pkg  can  be  a  single  word       (package  name)    or  multiple names. The word all will be expanded to the list of all available packages, the word alli to       the list of currently installed (source) packages and the word allu will be expanded to the list of packages that seem  to       be installed and unpacked in the base source directory.    If a source package with the given name is not available, module-       assistant (abbreviated: m-a) will extend the package name with  the  popular  suffixes  like  -kernel,  -driver,  -module,       -source and combinations of them.       Multiple  commands can be specified in one invocation, eg. "m-a clean,get,build arla cdfs" is the short way to write "mod‐       ule-assistant clean arla-modules-source ; module-assistant clean cdfs-src ; module-assistant get arla-modules-source cdfs-       src ; module-assistant build arla-modules-source cdfs-src" (or similar).       If you do not like the dialog/whiptail GUI, feel free to use the -t switch to disable it.       update update  is  used to resynchronize the version index files from their sources. This happens with helper scripts pro‐          vided by the packages. module-assistant has a default built-in list of the packages that it  should  look  for  but          other packages can be registered by module-assistant if the maintainer adds the helper script.       prepare          Tries  to  determine  the name of the required linux-headers package (either the one matching the currently running          kernel or for the versions specified with -l), installs it if needed and    creates  the  /usr/src/linux  symlink  if          needed. Also installs the build-essential package to ensure that a sane compiler environment is established.       fakesource          Experimental  function  which tries to determine the name of the required/compatible linux-source package, installs          it, modifies the Makefile to look like the original source and runs configuration routines as needed.  Warning:  DO          NOT RELY ON THE RESULTING SOURCE. It may be very different from the original version.       list | list-available | la          list-available  (abbreviated with la) presents a list of details about specified packages, including installed ver‐          sion, installable versions and recently built binary packages. If the package names are omitted,    shows  all  known          packages. With -v, prints long package paths.       list-installed | li          Synonym to list alli. Acts like list-available but limits the list to the installed source packages.       search Synonym  to list -s. Looks for locally compiled packages first and (if none found) searches for alternative instal‐          lation candidates with apt-cache.       get    get followed by the package list installs the package source, downloading source packages when needed.       build  build is followed by one or more source packages that should be built. It chooses the kernel source appropriate for          the  currently  running  kernel  unless different directories have been specified. If the build fails, look for the          most recent log file in /var/cache/modass (or the user-specified location).       install          install is followed by one or more packages desired for installation. The last built package for the  current  run‐          ning kernel is chosen.       auto-install | a-i          auto-install  is    followed  by one or more packages desired for installation. It will run prepare to configure your          system to build packages, get the package source, try to build it for the current kernel and install it.     You  can          use  alli  or  allu shortcuts to select all installed modules source packages or only those that have been unpacked          before (similar to the make-kpkg tool normally does, looking in $MODULE_LOC)       auto-build | a-b          like auto-install but does not install the package immediately       clean  clean clears the build directories of the kernel packages.       purge  purge clears the information cache of a source package and removes all binary packages locally built from it  (that          module-assistant knows about). USE WITH CARE!OPTIONS       -t       --text-mode          Show pure build/install/update logs, no progress bars.       -k       --kernel-dir          The  kernel source directories to be used for builds. You can specify multiple directories with multiple options or          separated by commas or line separators (e.g using -k "`echo  /usr/src/linux-headers-*`"  ).   The  kernel  versions          detected    in  this  directories are automatically added to the list of target kernel versions (see --kvers-list for          details).       -l       --kvers-list          List of kernel version strings (as in KVERS) to act on. If omitted, the version string  of  the  currently  running          kernel  is  inserted.  If  --kernel-dir specifies additional source directories, the kernel versions that belong to          them will be inserted too.          The locations of the kernel source (or headers) that belong to this kernel versions are either detected by a lookup          in the "usual" locations on Linux systems, or they must be specified with the --kernel-dir option.       -v       --verbose          Shows a bit more information, like full paths of the binary packages.       -n       --no-rebuild          If  a  package  that  is to be generated does already exist in the target directory (maybe in on older version), -n          prevents from building the package again.          The default behaviour is to skip when exactly the same file (with the same filename) is to be generated as the  one          that  already exists, and the new filename could be detected before starting the build process (depends on the mod‐          ule package).       -f       --force          Never look for target file (in another version) and force a build.  For the get command, download a  newer  version          of a package even if it is already installed.       -u       --userdir          All  relevant  environment  variables with paths will be redirected to new directories under the one specified with          this option.       -i       --non-inter          When the package build was not successful, just continue with other candidates. By default,  module-assistant  will          suggest  to examine the build log. This option may also modify the behaviour of dpkg and apt-get to reduce the need          for human interaction and install build dependencies as needed.       -o       --unpack-once          Try to not unpack twice. The option needs to be also specified when the package is being    unpacked  for  the  first          time.  Experimental option, don't rely on it.       -O       --not-unpack          Never unpack the source tarball. Usefull after manual manipulation of module source.       -q       --quiet          Suppress some of the noisy messages during the processing.       -S       --sudo-cmd          A replacement command for superuser commands to be used instead of sudo.       -s       --apt-search          See search command for details.       -h       --help Prints the usage overview.ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES       You  can export the following environment variables to modify the behaviour of the build scripts. Some packages may ignore       them or interpret them differently.       KPKG_DEST_DIR          KPKG_DEST_DIR specify the target directory where the resulting Debian package should be  installed  into.  However,          many  packages  ignore  this  variable and install the file into the directory above the kernel source directory or          above the current directory.       KERNELDIRS          KERNELDIRS specifies or extends the list of kernel source/header directory which m-a should build modules for.  See          /-k/-Option for details.       SIGNCHANGES          If SIGNCHANGES is set, .changes files will be generated (calling kdist_image rule instead of kdist) and debsign (or          gpg or pgp) will be executed to sign the changes.       KMAINT | DEBFULLNAME | DEBNAME          Specifies the realname of the person building the package (interesting for .changes file only)       KEMAIL | DEBEMAIL          Specifies the email address of the person building the package (interesting for .changes file only).       MODULE_LOC          A different location for the (already extracted) module source directories. Default is /usr/src/modules.       MA_VARDIR          A different location for cached data, used by helper scripts from module-assistant. Default is /var/cache/modass.       MA_APTCMD          Command to download install packages, to use instead of the apt-get.       MOD_SRCDIR          A different location for module source tarballs. Default is /usr/src.       ROOT_CMD          Wrapper command to execute command as root. If you are not root, fakeroot is chosen  automatically.  This  variable          must  be interpreted by individual packages so some of them may ignore it. However, you can still run module-assis‐          tant inside of the ROOT_CMD wrapper.NON-ROOT USAGE       module-assistant can work without being root. However you won't be able to use apt-get or dpkg to  install  the    packages,       and  you  cannot  write to /var/cache/modass on a normal Debian system. So the commands are get, install, auto-install and       prepare are taboo for regular users. However, if the sudo program is installed, it will be invoked for  apt-get    and  dpkg       operations.   All  remaining  commands except of list require additional environment variables to move the target paths to       locations writable for the user. They all can be trimmed to a certain location (a writable directory) using the -u switch.FILES       /usr/share/modass/packages/*          List of helper scripts shipped with the module-assistant package.       /usr/share/modass/overrides/*          Helper scripts installed by other packages.SEE ALSO       make-kpkg(1), /usr/share/doc/module-assistant/READMEBUGS       See the module-assistant bug page        ule-assistant, please use the reportbug(1) command.RETURN CODES       0      Success       1..249 various errors during the build process       254    problem with permissions       255    fixable error after user interventionTODO       Quicklist (fast output without details)       Integration into APT and/or into the init system       "Aggressive"  debianisation  using  the    templates set (to generate a package with guessed name from any source that looks       like being compatible with kernel 2.6 build system)       Automatic transformation of kernel sources to generate .udeb packagesAUTHOR       Module-Assistant was written by Eduard Bloch  for the Debian distribution.                               29 June 2011                       MODULE-ASSISTANT(8)