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分类: LINUX
2013-08-21 23:26:59
Python中执行系统命令常见方法有两种:
两者均需 import os
(1) os.system
# 仅仅在一个子终端运行系统命令,而不能获取命令执行后的返回信息
system(command) -> exit_status
Execute the command (a string) in a subshell.
# 如果再命令行下执行,结果直接打印出来
1 | >>> os.system('ls') |
2 | 04101419778.CHM bash document media py-django video |
3 | 11.wmv books downloads Pictures python |
4 | all-20061022 Desktop Examples project tools |
(2) os.popen
# 该方法不但执行命令还返回执行后的信息对象
popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
例如:
01 | >>>tmp = os.popen('ls *.py').readlines() |
02 | >>>tmp |
03 | Out[21]: |
04 | ['dump_db_pickle.py ', |
05 | 'dump_db_pickle_recs.py ', |
06 | 'dump_db_shelve.py ', |
07 | 'initdata.py ', |
08 | '__init__.py ', |
09 | 'make_db_pickle.py ', |
10 | 'make_db_pickle_recs.py ', |
11 | 'make_db_shelve.py ', |
12 | 'peopleinteract_query.py ', |
13 | 'reader.py ', |
14 | 'testargv.py ', |
15 | 'teststreams.py ', |
16 | 'update_db_pickle.py ', |
17 | 'writer.py '] |
好处在于:将返回的结果赋于一变量,便于程序的处理。
(3) 使用模块subprocess
1 | >>> import subprocess |
2 | >>> subprocess.call (["cmd", "arg1", "arg2"],shell=True) |
获取返回和输出:
1 | import subprocess |
2 | p = subprocess.Popen('ls', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) |
3 | for line in p.stdout.readlines(): |
4 | print line, |
5 | retval = p.wait() |
(4) 使用模块commands模块
1 | >>> import commands |
2 | >>> dir(commands) |
3 | ['__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'getoutput', 'getstatus','getstatusoutput', 'mk2arg', 'mkarg'] |
4 | >>> commands.getoutput("date") |
5 | 'Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009' |
6 | >>> |
7 | >>> commands.getstatusoutput("date") |
8 | (0, 'Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009') |
注意: 当执行命令的参数或者返回中包含了中文文字,那么建议使用subprocess,如果使用os.popen则会出现下面的错误:
1 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
2 |
File "./test1.py", line 56, in |
3 | main() |
4 | File "./test1.py", line 45, in main |
5 | fax.sendFax() |
6 | File "./mailfax/Fax.py", line 13, in sendFax |
7 | os.popen(cmd) |
8 | UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal not inrange(128) |
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