有些东西没有那么复杂，简单点
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分类： IT职场
2012-02-12 10:42:09
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Luoyang
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| Coordinates: : | |
| Country | |
|---|---|
| Government | |
| ? Mayor | |
| Area | |
| ? | 15,492 km2 (5,981 sq mi) |
| ? Urban | 4,304 km2 (1,662 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 144 m (472 ft) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| ? | 6,549,486 |
| ? Density | 422.766/km2 (1,094.96/sq mi) |
| ? | 1,500,000 |
| ? Urban density | 349/km2 (903/sq mi) |
| () | |
| 379 | |
| GDP | ￥30,080 per capita (2008) |
| , , , | |
| County-level divisions | 15 |
| Township-level divisions | unknown |
| C | |
| Website | |
Luoyang (: ; : ; : Luòyáng; : Loyang; IPA: ) is a in western province of . It borders the provincial capital of to the east, to the southeast, to the south, to the west, to the north, and to the northeast.
Situated on the of China, one of the , Luoyang was one of the .
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The origin of the name "Luoyang" is the city's location to the north side () of the . The river flows from west to east and the sun is on south of the river, so that the sun shine is always on north side of the river. Luoyang has had several names over the centuries, including "Luoyi" (洛邑) and "Luozhou (洛州)", though Luoyang has been its primary name. It has been called, during various periods, "Dongdu" (东都, meaning the Eastern Capital, during the ), "Xijing" (西京, meaning the West Capital, during the Song Dynasty), or "Jingluo" (京洛, meaning the general capital for China).
[] History
The greater Luoyang area has been sacred ground since the late . This area at the intersection of the Luo and Yi rivers was considered to be the geographical center of China. Because of this sacred aspect several cities, all of which are generally referred to as "Luoyang", have been built there. In 2070 BCE, the king moved the Xia capital to the intersection of and and named the city (: 斟鄩; : Zhēnxún). In c 1600 BCE, defeated , the final Xia Dynasty king, and built Western Bo (: 西亳; : Xībó), a new capital on the Luo River. The ruins of Western Bo are located in Luoyang Prefecture.
In the 1136 BCE a settlement named Chéngzhōu (: 成周) was constructed by the for the remnants of the captured nobility. The Duke also moved the to from the capital at . A second Western Zhou capital, (also: Luoyi) was built 15 km west of Chengzhou. It became the capital of the in 771 BCE. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty capital was moved to Chengzhou in 510 BCE. Later, the capital of Luoyang would be built over Chengzhou. The ruins of Chengzhou are still visible today 2 km east of the area. Modern Luoyang is built over the ruins of Wangcheng, which are still visible today at Wangcheng Park.
In 25 CE, Luoyang became the capital of Eastern Han Dynasty. For several centuries, Luoyang was the focal point of China. In , the , the first temple in China, was founded in Luoyang. The temple still exists, though the architecture is of later origin, mainly from the 16th century. was one of the first monks to popularize Buddhism in Luoyang.
In 166 CE the first sent by "the king of Da Qin [the Roman Empire], Andun (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, r. 161-180 CE)", reached Luoyang after arriving by sea in Rinan Commandery in what is now central .
The late 2nd century saw China decline into anarchy.
"The decline was accelerated by the rebellion by the , who, although defeated by the Imperial troops in 184 CE, weakened the state to the point where there was a continuing series of rebellions degenerating into civil war, culminating in the burning of the Han capital of Luoyang on 24 September 189 CE. This was followed by a state of continual unrest and wars in China until a modicum of stability returned in the 220s, but with the establishment of three separate kingdoms, rather than a unified empire.
In 190 CE, Chancellor ordered his soldiers to ransack, pillage and raze the city as he retreated from by regional lords from across China. The court was subsequently moved to the more defensible western city of . Following a period of disorder, Luoyang was restored to prominence when of the declared it his capital in 220 CE. The , successor to Wei, was also established in Luoyang. When Jin was overrun by forces in 311 CE, it was forced to move its capital to (modern day ), the Xiongnu warriors then sacked and nearly totally destroyed Luoyang. The same fate befell in 316 CE.
In 493 CE the moved its capital from to Luoyang and started the construction of the rock-cut . More than 30,000 statues from the time of this dynasty have been found in the caves. Many of these sculptures were two-faced. The and Yongning Temple (永宁寺), which had a pagoda nine stories high, were also built here.
During the , Luoyang was the 'Eastern Capital' and at its height had a population of around one million, second only to Chang'an, the 'Western Capital', and the largest city in the world. During the short-lived Five Dynasties, Luoyang was the capital of the , , and .
During the North , Luoyang was the 'Western Capital' and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of Song Dynasty. It served as a prominent culture center, housing some of the most important philosophers.
[] Geography| []Climate data for Luoyang | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) |
6.1 (43.0) |
8.5 (47.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
21.9 (71.4) |
27.7 (81.9) |
32.7 (90.9) |
32.4 (90.3) |
30.9 (87.6) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
14.2 (57.6) |
8.1 (46.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) |
?3.9 (25.0) |
?1.9 (28.6) |
3.3 (37.9) |
9.7 (49.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.1 (71.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.3 (50.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
?2.1 (28.2) |
9.7 (49.5) |
| mm (inches) |
7.6 (0.299) |
13.4 (0.528) |
27.1 (1.067) |
38.1 (1.5) |
52.1 (2.051) |
66.3 (2.61) |
136.6 (5.378) |
100.8 (3.969) |
78.5 (3.091) |
45.3 (1.783) |
26.9 (1.059) |
9.6 (0.378) |
602.3 (23.713) |
| Source: NMC of CMA | |||||||||||||
The of Luoyang administers 6 , 1 and 8 .
With 6,549,486 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 1,500,000 in the built up area (6 urban districts), it's the third built up area of region.
[] CultureThe were listed by in the list of in November 2000. is located 12 km east of the modern town. is a series of temples that were built in honor of , a hero of the , close to the grottoes to the south of the city. China's only tombs museum, the opened to the public in 1987 and is situated north of the modern town. Founded in 1958, the features ancient relics dating back to the Xia, and Zhou Dynasties. The total number of exhibits on display is 1700.
Luoyang is also famous for the Water Banquet , which consists of 8 cold and 16 warm dishes cooked in various broths, gravies or juices, hence its name.
Luoyang has a reputation as a cultivation centre for the , the city flower of Luoyang.
An ancient Chinese musical piece, Spring in Luoyang, was adopted by Korea during the (918-1392), and is still performed in its Koreanized () version, called Nakyangchun (hangul: ???; hanja: ). The American composer also created an arrangement of this work.
The Dengfeng Observatory (also known as "The Tower of Chou Kong") stands 80 km south-east of Luoyang. It is a tower constructed during the in 1276 by as a giant for the 'Measurement of the Sun's Shadow'. Used for establishing the Summer and Winter Solstices, this astronomical instrument is described in detail by in his seminal work .
Asteroid (239200) 2006 MD13 was named after Luoyang.
[] LanguageLuoyang residents typically speak a variety of . Although Luoyang dialect served as a form of spoken Chinese until the , it differs greatly from -based .
[] Colleges and universities