分类: Python/Ruby
2009-11-04 09:13:03
python的中文问题一直是困扰新手的头疼问题,
先来看看python的版本:
>>> import sys
>>> sys.version
'2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]'
(一)
用记事本创建一个文件ChineseTest.py,
s = "中文"
print s
测试一下瞧瞧:
E:\Project\Python\Test>python ChineseTest.py
File "ChineseTest.py", line 1
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xd6' in file ChineseTest.py on line 1, but no encoding declared; see
for details
偷偷地把文件编码改成UTF-8:
E:\Project\Python\Test>python ChineseTest.py
File "ChineseTest.py", line 1
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xe4' in file ChineseTest.py on line 1, but no encoding declared; see
for details
无济于事。。。
既然它提供了网址,那就看看吧。简单地浏览一下,
# coding=gbk
s = "中文"
print s
再试一下:
E:\Project\Python\Test>python ChineseTest.py
中文
正常咯:)
(二)
看一看它的长度:
# coding=gbk
s = "中文"
print len(s)
结果:4。
s这里是str类型,
我们这样写:
# coding=gbk
s = "中文"
s1 = u"中文"
s2 = unicode(s, "gbk") #省略参数将用python默认的ASCII来解码
s3 = s.decode("gbk") #把str转换成unicode是decode,
print len(s1)
print len(s2)
print len(s3)
结果:
2
2
2
(三)
接着来看看文件的处理:
建立一个文件test.txt,文件格式用ANSI,内容为:
abc中文
用python来读取
# coding=gbk
print open("Test.txt").read()
结果:abc中文
把文件格式改成UTF-8:
结果:abc涓?枃
显然,这里需要解码:
# coding=gbk
import codecs
print open("Test.txt").read().
结果:abc中文
上面的test.txt我是用Editplus来编辑的,
运行时报错:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "ChineseTest.py", line 3, in
print open("Test.txt").read().
UnicodeEncodeError: 'gbk' codec can't encode character u'\ufeff' in position 0: illegal multibyte sequence
原来,某些软件,如notepad,在保存一个以UTF-
因此我们在读取时需要自己去掉这些字符,
# coding=gbk
import codecs
data = open("Test.txt").read()
if data[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
data = data[3:]
print data.decode("utf-8")
结果:abc中文
(四)一点遗留问题
在第二部分中,
第一反应是我们的编码声明里用了gbk(# coding=gbk),但真是这样?
修改一下源文件:
# coding=utf-8
s = "中文"
print unicode(s, "utf-8")
运行,报错:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "ChineseTest.py", line 3, in
s = unicode(s, "utf-8")
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode bytes in position 0-1: invalid data
显然,如果前面正常是因为两边都使用了gbk,
更进一步的例子,如果我们这里转换仍然用gbk:
# coding=utf-8
s = "中文"
print unicode(s, "gbk")
结果:中文
翻阅了一篇英文资料,
When
Python executes a print statement, it simply passes the output to the
operating system (using fwrite() or something like it), and some other
program is responsible for actually displaying that output on the
screen. For example, on Windows, it might be the Windows console
subsystem that displays the result. Or if you're using Windows and
running Python on a Unix box somewhere else, your Windows SSH client is
actually responsible for displaying the data. If you are running Python
in an xterm on Unix, then xterm and your X server handle the display.
To print data reliably, you must know the encoding that this display program expects.
简单地说,
最后测试:
# coding=utf-8
s = "中文"
print unicode(s, "cp936")
结果:中文
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