S3C6410使用---30让ubifs作rootfs

                   by wangcong02345

                               欢迎转载,但请注明出处

                               http://blog.chinaunix.net/blog/post/id/3862627.html

一.mtd-utils编译过程
下载:
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools$ git clone git://git.infradead.org/mtd-utils.git
修改Makefile
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils$ vi common.mk
  1 CROSS=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-                               ;指定交叉编译器
 25 PREFIX=/tmp/mtd
1.第一次编译

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils$ make
  CHK     include/version.h
  LD      ftl_format
  CC      flash_erase.o
  LD      flash_erase
  CC      nanddump.o
  LD      nanddump
  CC      doc_loadbios.o
  LD      doc_loadbios
  CC      ftl_check.o
  LD      ftl_check
  CC      mkfs.jffs2.o
mkfs.jffs2.c:70:21: error: sys/acl.h: No such file or directory
mkfs.jffs2.c: In function 'formalize_posix_acl':
mkfs.jffs2.c:1024: error: 'ACL_USER_OBJ' undeclared (first use in this function)
mkfs.jffs2.c:1024: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
mkfs.jffs2.c:1024: error: for each function it appears in.)
mkfs.jffs2.c:1025: error: 'ACL_GROUP_OBJ' undeclared (first use in this function)
mkfs.jffs2.c:1026: error: 'ACL_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
mkfs.jffs2.c:1027: error: 'ACL_OTHER' undeclared (first use in this function)
mkfs.jffs2.c:1033: error: 'ACL_USER' undeclared (first use in this function)
mkfs.jffs2.c:1034: error: 'ACL_GROUP' undeclared (first use in this function)
make: *** [/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/mkfs.jffs2.o] Error 1

原因:  编译时调用acl.h了而没有调用zlib库
解决方法:指定WITHOUT_XATTR=1 指定编译时要调用zlib库

2.第二次编译

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils$ make WITHOUT_XATTR=1
  CHK     include/version.h
  CC      mkfs.jffs2.o
  CC      compr_rtime.o
  CC      compr_zlib.o
  CC      compr_lzo.o
compr_lzo.c:31:23: error: lzo/lzo1x.h: No such file or directory
compr_lzo.c: In function 'jffs2_lzo_cmpr':
compr_lzo.c:53: error: 'lzo_uint' undeclared (first use in this function)
compr_lzo.c:53: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
compr_lzo.c:53: error: for each function it appears in.)
compr_lzo.c:53: error: expected ';' before 'compress_size'
compr_lzo.c:56: warning: implicit declaration of function 'lzo1x_999_compress'
compr_lzo.c:56: error: 'compress_size' undeclared (first use in this function)
compr_lzo.c:58: error: 'LZO_E_OK' undeclared (first use in this function)
compr_lzo.c: In function 'jffs2_lzo_decompress':
compr_lzo.c:74: error: 'lzo_uint' undeclared (first use in this function)
compr_lzo.c:74: error: expected ';' before 'dl'
compr_lzo.c:76: warning: implicit declaration of function 'lzo1x_decompress_safe'
compr_lzo.c:76: error: 'dl' undeclared (first use in this function)
compr_lzo.c:78: error: 'LZO_E_OK' undeclared (first use in this function)
compr_lzo.c: In function 'jffs2_lzo_init':
compr_lzo.c:97: error: 'LZO1X_999_MEM_COMPRESS' undeclared (first use in this function)
make: *** [/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/compr_lzo.o] Error 1

原因: 没有lzo库
解决方法:编译lzo库,并添加到交叉编译工具链中

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils$ cd ..
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools$ wget http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/download/lzo-2.06.tar.gz   //下载lzo库
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools$ ls
lzo-2.06.tar.gz  mtd-utils
//下面的config指定交叉编译器
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/lzo-2.06$ CC=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc ./configure --host=arm-linux --prefix=/opt/6410/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/
//编译
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/lzo-2.06$ make && make install
//确认在工具链目录中是否己经有头文件了
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/lzo-2.06$ find /opt/6410/4.3.2/ -name "lzo1x.h"
/opt/6410/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/include/lzo/lzo1x.h

3.第三次编译

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils$ make WITHOUT_XATTR=1
  CHK     include/version.h
  LD      mkfs.jffs2
/opt/6410/4.3.2/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.3.2/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/ld: cannot find -lz
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/mkfs.jffs2] Error 1

原因: 没有libz库
解决方法:编译libz库,并添加到交叉编译工具链中

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools$ wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz   //下载lzo库
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools$ ls
lzo-2.06  lzo-2.06.tar.gz  lzo-2.06.tar.gz.1  mtd-utils  zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools$ tar xf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools$ cd zlib-1.2.8/
//下面的config指定交叉编译器
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/zlib-1.2.8$  CC=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc ./configure --shared --prefix=/opt/6410/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/
//编译并安装到工具链目录中
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/zlib-1.2.8$ make && make install
//确认在工具链目录中是否己经有库了
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/zlib-1.2.8$ find /opt/6410/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/ -name "libz*"
/opt/6410/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/libz.a
/opt/6410/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/libz.so.1
/opt/6410/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/libz.so.1.2.8
/opt/6410/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/libz.so
/opt/6410/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/lib/libz.a

4.第四次编译

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils$ make WITHOUT_XATTR=1
In file included from mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.c:26:
mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.h:46:23: error: uuid/uuid.h: No such file or directory
mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.c: In function 'write_data':
mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.c:1621: warning: implicit declaration of function 'time'
mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.c: In function 'write_super':
mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.c:1934: warning: implicit declaration of function 'uuid_generate_random'
mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.c:1938: warning: implicit declaration of function 'uuid_unparse_upper'
make: *** [/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.o] Error 1

原因: 找不到头文件uuid
解决方法:

sun@ubuntu:/opt/6410/4.3.2$ grep "uuid_generate_random" * -R
      arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/uuid.h:void uuid_generate_random(uuid_t out);
//搜索发现uuid.h是在include目录下而不是在uuid这个目录下,所以只需要改一下路径就可以了
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils$ vi mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.h
 46 //#include <uuid/uuid.h>
 47 #include <uuid.h>

5.第五次编译

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils$ make WITHOUT_XATTR=1
  CHK     include/version.h
  CC      mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.o
  CC      mkfs.ubifs/crc16.o
  CC      mkfs.ubifs/lpt.o
  CC      mkfs.ubifs/compr.o
  CC      mkfs.ubifs/devtable.o
  CC      mkfs.ubifs/hashtable/hashtable.o
  CC      mkfs.ubifs/hashtable/hashtable_itr.o
  CC      ubi-utils/libubi.o
  AR      ubi-utils/libubi.a
  LD      mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs
/opt/6410/4.3.2/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.3.2/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/ld: cannot find -luuid
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

原因: 找不到库libuuid
解决方法:

sun@ubuntu:/opt/6410/4.3.2$ find . -name "libuuid*"
./arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/usr/lib/libuuid.so.1
./arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/usr/lib/libuuid.so
./arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/usr/lib/libuuid.so.1.2
//搜索发现libuuid是在libc/armv4t/usr/lib目录下,arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ld找不到,所以加个软链接
sun@ubuntu:/opt/6410/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib$ ln -s ../libc/armv4t/usr/lib/libuuid.so ./libuuid.so

6.第六次编译
OK,可以了,这样就有了一大串命令

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/tools/mtd-utils$ ls /tmp/mtd/sbin/
docfdisk      flash_eraseall  flash_otp_lock   ftl_format   mkfs.ubifs  nandtest     recv_image   sumtool    ubiformat  ubirename
doc_loadbios  flash_lock      flash_otp_write  jffs2dump    mtd_debug   nandwrite    rfddump      ubiattach  ubimkvol   ubirmvol
flashcp       flash_otp_dump  flash_unlock     jffs2reader  mtdinfo     nftldump     rfdformat    ubicrc32   ubinfo     ubirsvol
flash_erase   flash_otp_info  ftl_check        mkfs.jffs2   nanddump    nftl_format  serve_image  ubidetach  ubinize    ubiupdatevol

---

二. linux中ubifs的使用
在NFS启动系统时将编译好的mtd-util复制到nfs系统中的/sbin/目录
1. 重新编译内核添加ubi与ubifs的支持

Device Drivers --->
 <*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support --->
     <*> Enable UBI - Unsorted block images --->

File systems --->
 [*] Miscellaneous filesystems --->
     <*> UBIFS file system support

2. 查看分区信息

root@OK6410:~# mtdinfo -u
Count of MTD devices: 3
Present MTD devices: mtd0, mtd1, mtd2
Sysfs interface supported: yes

或者

root@OK6410:~# cat /proc/mtd
dev: size   erasesize  name
mtd0: 00100000 00080000 "Bootloader"
mtd1: 00500000 00080000 "Kernel"
mtd2: 7fa00000 00080000 "File System"
root@OK6410:~# mtdinfo /dev/mtd0
mtd0
Name: Bootloader
Type: nand
Eraseblock size: 524288 bytes, 512.0 KiB
Amount of eraseblocks: 2 (1048576 bytes, 1024.0 KiB)
Minimum input/output unit size: 4096 bytes
Sub-page size: 4096 bytes
OOB size: 218 bytes
Character device major/minor: 90:0
Bad blocks are allowed: true
Device is writable: false

3. 将文件系统格式化为ubifs
ubiformat: a tool to format MTD devices and flash UBI images

root@OK6410:~# ubiformat /dev/mtd2
ubiformat: mtd2 (nand), size 2141192192 bytes (2.0 GiB), 4084 eraseblocks of 524288 bytes (512.0 KiB), min. I/O size 4096 bytes
libscan: scanning eraseblock 4083 -- 100 % complete
ubiformat: 4070 eraseblocks are supposedly empty
ubiformat: 2 bad eraseblocks found, numbers: 3, 121
ubiformat: 12 of 4082 eraseblocks contain non-ubifs data
ubiformat: continue? (y/N) y
ubiformat: only 0 of 4082 eraseblocks have valid erase counter
ubiformat: erase counter 0 will be used for all eraseblocks
ubiformat: note, arbitrary erase counter value may be specified using -e option
ubiformat: continue? (y/N) y
ubiformat: use erase counter 0 for all eraseblocks
ubiformat: formatting eraseblock 4083 -- 100 % complete

4. 将文件系统与ubi_ctrl相关联

root@OK6410:~# ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -m 2
UBI: attaching mtd2 to ubi0
UBI: physical eraseblock size: 524288 bytes (512 KiB)
UBI: logical eraseblock size: 516096 bytes
UBI: smallest flash I/O unit: 4096
UBI: VID header offset: 4096 (aligned 4096)
UBI: data offset: 8192
UBI: max. sequence number: 0
UBI: attached mtd2 to ubi0
UBI: MTD device name: "File System"
UBI: MTD device size: 2042 MiB
UBI: number of good PEBs: 4082
UBI: number of bad PEBs: 2
UBI: number of corrupted PEBs: 0
UBI: max. allowed volumes: 128
UBI: wear-leveling threshold: 4096
UBI: number of internal volumes: 1
UBI: number of user volumes: 0
UBI: available PEBs: 4038
UBI: total number of reserved PEBs: 44
UBI: number of PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 40
UBI: max/mean erase counter: 0/0
UBI: image sequence number: 557638241
UBI: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 96
UBI device number 0, total 4082 LEBs (2106703872 bytes, 2.0 GiB), available 4038 LEBs (2083995648 bytes, 1.9 GiB), LEB size 516096 bytes (504.0 KiB)

查看ubi信息

root@OK6410:~# ubinfo -a
UBI version: 1
Count of UBI devices: 1
UBI control device major/minor: 10:63
Present UBI devices: ubi0
ubi0
Volumes count: 0
Logical eraseblock size: 516096 bytes, 504.0 KiB
Total amount of logical eraseblocks: 4082 (2106703872 bytes, 2.0 GiB)
Amount of available logical eraseblocks: 4038 (2083995648 bytes, 1.9 GiB)
Maximum count of volumes                 128
Count of bad physical eraseblocks: 2
Count of reserved physical eraseblocks: 40
Current maximum erase counter value: 0
Minimum input/output unit size: 4096 bytes
Character device major/minor: 252:0

5. 创建volume

root@OK6410:~# ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N ubifs -m
Set volume size to 2083995648
Volume ID 0, size 4038 LEBs (2083995648 bytes, 1.9 GiB), LEB size 516096 bytes (504.0 KiB), dynamic, name "ubifs", alignment 1
root@OK6410:~# ubinfo -a
UBI version: 1
Count of UBI devices: 1
UBI control device major/minor: 10:63
Present UBI devices: ubi0
ubi0
Volumes count: 1
Logical eraseblock size: 516096 bytes, 504.0 KiB
Total amount of logical eraseblocks: 4082 (2106703872 bytes, 2.0 GiB)
Amount of available logical eraseblocks: 0 (0 bytes)
Maximum count of volumes                 128
Count of bad physical eraseblocks: 2
Count of reserved physical eraseblocks: 40
Current maximum erase counter value: 1
Minimum input/output unit size: 4096 bytes
Character device major/minor: 252:0
Present volumes: 0
Volume ID: 0 (on ubi0)
Type: dynamic
Alignment: 1
Size: 4038 LEBs (2083995648 bytes, 1.9 GiB)
State: OK
Name: ubifs
Character device major/minor: 252:1
root@OK6410:~# mount -t ubifs ubi0_0 /mnt/ubi/
UBIFS: default file-system created
UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "ubifs"
UBIFS: file system size: 2078834688 bytes (2030112 KiB, 1982 MiB, 4028 LEBs)
UBIFS: journal size: 33546240 bytes (32760 KiB, 31 MiB, 65 LEBs)
UBIFS: media format: w4/r0 (latest is w4/r0)
UBIFS: default compressor: lzo
UBIFS: reserved for root: 4952683 bytes (4836 KiB)

6. 挂载ubifs

//创建挂载目录
root@OK6410:~# mkdir -p /mnt/ubi
//挂载
root@OK6410:~# mount -t ubifs ubi0_0 /mnt/ubi/
UBIFS: default file-system created
UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "ubifs"
UBIFS: file system size: 2078834688 bytes (2030112 KiB, 1982 MiB, 4028 LEBs)
UBIFS: journal size: 33546240 bytes (32760 KiB, 31 MiB, 65 LEBs)
UBIFS: media format: w4/r0 (latest is w4/r0)
UBIFS: default compressor: lzo
UBIFS: reserved for root: 4952683 bytes (4836 KiB)

//查看
root@OK6410:~# df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
192.168.6.220:/work/6410/yaffs2/
                        147.6G     93.4G     46.8G  67% /
tmpfs                    37.8M         0     37.8M   0% /dev/shm
ubi0_0                    1.8G     28.0K      1.8G   0% /mnt/ubi

三. 在PC上制作ubifs镜像
1. 编译mtd-util的pc版
需要先安装uuid-dev,要不会报以下错误:

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/pctools/mtd-utils$ make WITHOUT_XATTR=1
In file included from mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.c:26:0:
mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.h:47:18: fatal error: uuid.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
make: *** [/work/6410/pctools/mtd-utils/mkfs.ubifs/mkfs.ubifs.o] Error 1

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/pctools/mtd-utils$ sudo apt-get install uuid-dev

2.在PC机上制作ubi的镜像

sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/test$ sudo /tmp/mtdpc/sbin/mkfs.ubifs -r rootfs -m 4096 -e 516096 -c 4038 -o ubifs.img
sun@ubuntu:/work/6410/test$ sudo /tmp/mtdpc/sbin/ubinize -o ubi.img -m 4096 -s 4096 -p 512KiB ubifs.conf

参数解析:
-r：制定文件内容的位置                   /work/6410/test/rootfs目录下
-m：页面大小                                4096
-e：逻辑擦除块大小                        516096:Logical eraseblock size: 516096 bytes--> ubinfo -a
-p：物理擦除块大小                        512K, 这个参数是datasheet中一个block的大小
-c：最大的逻辑擦除块数量               4038:  Amount of available logical eraseblocks --> ubinfo -a
-s：最小的硬件输入输出页面大小，   Minimum input/output unit size: 4096 bytes

四. 在6410上烧写ubifs镜像,并启动
1. 在6410中将ubi.img写入到nand flash上去
a.查看文件系统的路径,注意这儿是nfs启动的

root@OK6410:~# cat /proc/mtd
dev: size erasesize name
mtd0: 00100000 00080000 "Bootloader"
mtd1: 00500000 00080000 "Kernel"
mtd2: 7fa00000 00080000 "File System"

b.格式化为ubifs
从上面可以看出mtd2是nand flash的文件系统,所以要将mtd2格式化成ubifs

root@OK6410:/work# ubiformat /dev/mtd2 -s 4096 -f /work/ubi.img

这儿用到了ubiformat的-f指令:把ubifs的镜像文件/work/ubi.img烧到/dev/mtd2中
c.下面检查一下是否挂载成功

  root@OK6410:/work# ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -m 2

root@OK6410:/work# mount -t ubifs ubi0:ubifs /mnt/ubi/
UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "ubifs"
UBIFS: file system size: 2078834688 bytes (2030112 KiB, 1982 MiB, 4028 LEBs)
UBIFS: journal size: 10452992 bytes (10208 KiB, 9 MiB, 21 LEBs)
UBIFS: media format: w4/r0 (latest is w4/r0)
UBIFS: default compressor: lzo
UBIFS: reserved for root: 0 bytes (0 KiB)

特别注意: ubi0:ubifs 中后面这个ubifs是分区name,可以在ubimkvol中设定,我这儿设定的name=ubifs
ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N ubifs -m
d. 设定u-boot中的bootargs

setenv bootargs "console=ttySAC0,115200 ubi.mtd=2 root=ubi0:ubifs rootfstype=ubifs"

注意:  我试过下面这个就是多加了init=linuxrc

setenv bootargs "console=ttySAC0,115200 ubi.mtd=2 root=ubi0:ubifs rootfstype=ubifs init=/linuxrc"

但是出现下面这个错误,所以不用加init=/linuxrc

VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)
[<c003acac>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xfc) from [<c0494430>] (dump_stack+0x18/0x1c)
[<c0494430>] (dump_stack+0x18/0x1c) from [<c0494494>] (panic+0x60/0x1ac)
[<c0494494>] (panic+0x60/0x1ac) from [<c0008fb4>] (mount_block_root+0x1bc/0x25c)
[<c0008fb4>] (mount_block_root+0x1bc/0x25c) from [<c00090dc>] (mount_root+0x88/0xd0)
[<c00090dc>] (mount_root+0x88/0xd0) from [<c0009230>] (prepare_namespace+0x10c/0x1a8)
[<c0009230>] (prepare_namespace+0x10c/0x1a8) from [<c00084c4>] (kernel_init+0xf0/0x130)
[<c00084c4>] (kernel_init+0xf0/0x130) from [<c0035a34>] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8

下面是成功的mount

root@OK6410:~# mount
rootfs on / type rootfs (rw)
ubi0:ubifs on / type ubifs (rw,relatime)