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2007-05-28 11:07:23
Ella Fitzgerald(艾拉费兹洁拉),其歌唱技巧是属于Scat 即兴唱法,当中包含所谓的Bob Vocal ﹝包勃唱腔﹞,以圆润而充满感性的情感来表达抒情曲目,也因此被誉为是比莉‧哈乐黛﹝Billie Holiday﹞之后最有成就的爵士女歌手。
Ella于1918 年出生于 Virginia。她的父亲在她出生后不久就离开了他的母亲,不久她的母亲就带她来到纽约,在十五岁的时候,她的母亲就离开了人世,在她母亲死后的第二年,她就开始了她的唱歌生涯。
1934,因为 Ella参加一场纽约哈林区的﹝阿波罗剧院﹞主办的业余比赛而结识了 big-band leader,Chick Webb。1938年他们的乐队以一首 " A-Tisket,A-Tisket"在纽约打下一片江山。 Ella 的 swing vocal 不仅是获得黑人的认同,连人也为之风靡。但第二年,Chick Webb去世。
在 Decca Records 时期,Ella 的风格是 POP多过于 JAZZ。在1953年,Norman Granz (Verve Records的创办人) 成为他的经纪人 ,1955年Ella 加入 Verve Records , Ella 的潜质便整个被Norman Granz发掘出来 . 她的转变完全呈现在她唱" Cole Porter"的songbook专辑中 . In late 1956, Granz began 安排她与 Duke Ellington 合作 ,此后更陆续演唱 " Rodgers & Hart , The Gershwins , Jerome Kern ,Harold Arlen 等大作曲家的songbook.这一系列實是珍贵的爵士历史纪录。
Ella 的溫暖,甜蜜,纯真的风格,歌声如水晶般清澈,音色中充满了女性万般风情的魅力。 替他贏得了 " First Lady of Song"的称号 , 与哀怨十足的 Billie Hoiday 和 端庄典雅的Sarah Vaughan并称三大爵士女伶。
现今许多经典范例的准则,几乎也是设在 Ella 一人身上。Ella 的歌声不时牵动听者的心弦,即使以低哑的歌声模仿 Louis Armstrong 的〔Hello,Dolly!!〕也叫人莞尔不已。她的幽默,心声都是近半世纪美式风情的诠释者。
Ella她晚年时,身体状况极为不佳,在她1996年离世前,有这样的一段描述:
She had health problems, beginning with her eyes in the seventies and continuing with her heart in the eighties, which slowed her career, but she continued to perform, even if she was on crutches, until the early nineties. Even in her sickness, the perfection of her voice never failed. Her fans, ranging in age from their teens to their eighties, still raced to see her. In 1993 though, diabetes, a disease terrible in its subtlety, took her legs. It makes me so mad, and it's so painful to have lost her. I remember the night she died, I was working in a bar, and I had to work, so we all sat around work, depressed as hell, some of us crying, and made everyone completely miserable. We didn't make any money, but it felt good to force everyone to be as unhappy as I was.
她平生出了150多张专辑
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