分类： Python/Ruby
2008-08-20 11:30:02
The ImageDraw module provide simple 2D graphics for Image objects. You can use this module to create new images, annotate or retouch existing images, and to generate graphics on the fly for web use.
For a more advanced drawing library for PIL, see .
import Image, ImageDraw
im = Image.open("lena.pgm")
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
draw.line((0, 0) + im.size, fill=128)
draw.line((0, im.size[1], im.size[0], 0), fill=128)
del draw
# write to stdout
im.save(sys.stdout, "PNG")
The graphics interface uses the same coordinate system as PIL itself, with (0, 0) in the upper left corner.
To specify colours, you can use numbers or tuples just as you would use with Image.new or Image.putpixel. For "1", "L", and "I" images, use integers. For "RGB" images, use a 3-tuple containing integer values. For "F" images, use integer or floating point values.
For palette images (mode "P"), use integers as colour indexes. In 1.1.4 and later, you can also use RGB 3-tuples or colour names (see below). The drawing layer will automatically assign colour indexes, as long as you don't draw with more than 256 colours.
In PIL 1.1.4 and later, you can also use string constants when drawing in "RGB" images. PIL supports the following string formats:
Hexadecimal color specifiers, given as "#rgb" or "#rrggbb". For example, "#ff0000" specifies pure red.
RGB functions, given as "rgb(red, green, blue)" where the colour values are integers in the range 0 to 255. Alternatively, the color values can be given as three percentages (0% to 100%). For example, "rgb(255,0,0)" and "rgb(100%,0%,0%)" both specify pure red.
Hue-Saturation-Lightness (HSL) functions, given as "hsl(hue, saturation%, lightness%)" where hue is the colour given as an angle between 0 and 360 (red=0, green=120, blue=240), saturation is a value between 0% and 100% (gray=0%, full color=100%), and lightness is a value between 0% and 100% (black=0%, normal=50%, white=100%). For example, "hsl(0,100%,50%)" is pure red.
Common HTML colour names. The ImageDraw provides some 140 standard colour names, based on the colors supported by the X Window system and most web browsers. Colour names are case insensitive, and may contain whitespace. For example, "red" and "Red" both specify pure red.
PIL can use bitmap fonts or OpenType/TrueType fonts.
Bitmap fonts are stored in PIL's own format, where each font typically consists of a two files, one named .pil and the other usually named .pbm. The former contains font metrics, the latter raster data.
To load a bitmap font, use the load functions in the ImageFont module.
To load a OpenType/TrueType font, use the truetype function in the ImageFont module. Note that this function depends on third-party libraries, and may not available in all PIL builds.
(IronPIL) To load a built-in font, use the Font constructor in the ImageFont module.
Draw(image) => Draw instance
Creates an object that can be used to draw in the given image.
(IronPIL) Instead of an image, you can use HWND or HDC objects from the ImageWin module. This allows you to draw directly to the screen.
Note that the image will be modified in place.
draw.arc(xy, start, end, options)
Draws an arc (a portion of a circle outline) between the start and end angles, inside the given bounding box.
The outline option gives the colour to use for the arc.
draw.bitmap(xy, bitmap, options)
Draws a bitmap (mask) at the given position, using the current fill colour. The bitmap should be a valid transparency mask (mode "1") or matte (mode "L" or "RGBA").
To paste pixel data into an image, use the paste method on the image itself.
draw.chord(xy, start, end, options)
Same as arc, but connects the end points with a straight line.
The outline option gives the colour to use for the chord outline. The fill option gives the colour to use for the chord interior.
draw.ellipse(xy, options)
Draws an ellipse inside the given bounding box.
The outline option gives the colour to use for the ellipse outline. The fill option gives the colour to use for the ellipse interior.
draw.line(xy, options)
Draws a line between the coordinates in the xy list.
The coordinate list can be any sequence object containing either 2-tuples [ (x, y), ... ] or numeric values [ x, y, ... ]. It should contain at least two coordinates.
The fill option gives the colour to use for the line.
(New in 1.1.5) The width option gives the line width, in pixels. Note that line joins are not handled well, so wide polylines will not look good.
Note: The width option is broken in 1.1.5. The line is drawn with twice the width you specify. This will be fixed in 1.1.6.
draw.pieslice(xy, start, end, options)
Same as arc, but also draws straight lines between the end points and the center of the bounding box.
The outline option gives the colour to use for the pieslice outline. The fill option gives the colour to use for the pieslice interior.
draw.point(xy, options)
Draws points (individual pixels) at the given coordinates.
The coordinate list can be any sequence object containing either 2-tuples [ (x, y), ... ] or numeric values [ x, y, ... ].
The fill option gives the colour to use for the points.
draw.polygon(xy, options)
Draws a polygon.
The polygon outline consists of straight lines between the given coordinates, plus a straight line between the last and the first coordinate.
The coordinate list can be any sequence object containing either 2-tuples [ (x, y), ... ] or numeric values [ x, y, ... ]. It should contain at least three coordinates.
The outline option gives the colour to use for the polygon outline. The fill option gives the colour to use for the polygon interior.
draw.rectangle(box, options)
Draws a rectangle.
The box can be any sequence object containing either 2-tuples [ (x, y), (x, y) ] or numeric values [ x, y, x, y ]. It should contain two coordinates.
Note that the second coordinate pair defines a point just outside the rectangle, also when the rectangle is not filled.
The outline option gives the colour to use for the rectangle outline. The fill option gives the colour to use for the rectangle interior.
draw.text(position, string, options)
Draws the string at the given position. The position gives the upper left corner of the text.
The font option is used to specify which font to use. It should be an instance of the ImageFont class, typically loaded from file using the load method in the ImageFont module.
The fill option gives the colour to use for the text.
draw.textsize(string, options) => (width, height)
Return the size of the given string, in pixels.
The font option is used to specify which font to use. It should be an instance of the ImageFont class, typically loaded from file using the load method in the ImageFont module.
outline integer or tuple
fill integer or tuple
font ImageFont instance
The Draw class contains a constructor and a number of methods which are provided for backwards compatibility only. For this to work properly, you should either use options on the drawing primitives, or these methods. Do not mix the old and new calling conventions.
(IronPIL) The compatibility methods are not supported by IronPIL.
ImageDraw(image) => Draw instance
(Deprecated). Same as Draw. Don't use this name in new code.
draw.setink(ink)
(Deprecated). Sets the colour to use for subsequent draw and fill operations.
draw.setfill(mode)
(Deprecated). Sets the fill mode.
If the mode is 0, subsequently drawn shapes (like polygons and rectangles) are outlined. If the mode is 1, they are filled.
draw.setfont(font)
(Deprecated). Sets the default font to use for the text method.
The font argument should be an instance of the ImageFont class, typically loaded from file using the load method in the ImageFont module.
