Linux网络服务器配置基础详解 (3)
Linux网络服务器配置基础详解 (3)
第三步:编辑“inetd.conf”文件(vi /etc/inetd.conf),禁止所有不需要的服务,如:ftp、 telnet、 shell、 login、 exec、talk、ntalk、 imap、 pop-2、pop-3、finger、auth,等等。
如果你觉得某些服务有用,可以不禁止这些服务。但是,把这些服务禁止掉,系统受攻击的可能性就会小很多。改变后的“inetd.conf”文件的内容如下面所示:
# To re-read this file after changes, just do a 'killall -HUP inetd'
#
#echo stream tcp nowait root internal
#echo dgram udp wait root internal
#discard stream tcp nowait root internal
#discard dgram udp wait root internal
#daytime stream tcp nowait root internal
#daytime dgram udp wait root internal
#chargen stream tcp nowait root internal
#chargen dgram udp wait root internal
#time stream tcp nowait root internal
#time dgram udp wait root internal
#
# These are standard services.
#
#ftp stream tcp nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.ftpd -l -a
#telnet stream tcp nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.telnetd
#
# Shell, login, exec, comsat and talk are BSD protocols.
#
#shell stream tcp nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.rshd
#login stream tcp nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.rlogind
#exec stream tcp nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.rexecd
#comsat dgram udp wait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.comsat
#talk dgram udp wait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.talkd
#ntalk dgram udp wait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.ntalkd
#dtalk stream tcp wait nobody
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.dtalkd
#
# Pop and imap mail services et al
#
#pop-2 stream tcp nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd ipop2d
#pop-3 stream tcp nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd ipop3d
#imap stream tcp nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd imapd
#
# The Internet UUCP service.
#
#uucp stream tcp nowait uucp
/usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -l
#
# Tftp service is provided primarily
for booting. Most sites
# run this only on machines acting as
"boot servers." Do not uncomment
# this unless you *need* it.
#
#tftp dgram udp wait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.tftpd
#bootps dgram udp wait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd bootpd
#
# Finger, systat and netstat give out
user information which may be
# valuable to potential "system crackers."
Many sites choose to disable
# some or all of these services to improve security.
#
#finger stream tcp nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.fingerd
#cfinger stream tcp nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.cfingerd
#systat stream tcp nowait guest
/usr/sbin/tcpd /bin/ps -auwwx
#netstat stream tcp nowait guest
/usr/sbin/tcpd /bin/netstat -f inet
#
# Authentication
#
#auth stream tcp nowait nobody
/usr/sbin/in.identd in.identd -l -e -o
#
# End of inetd.conf |
注意:改变了“inetd.conf”文件之后,别忘了给inetd进程发一个SIGHUP信号(killall –HUP inetd)。
[root@deep /root]# killall -HUP inetd |
第四步:
为了保证“inetd.conf”文件的安全,可以用chattr命令把它设成不可改变。把文件设成不可改变的只要用下面的命令:
[root@deep]# chattr +i /etc/inetd.conf |
这样可以避免“inetd.conf”文件的任何改变(意外或是别的原因)。一个有“i”属性的文件是不能被改动的:不能删除或重命名,不能创建这个文件的链接,不能往这个文件里写数据。只有系统管理员才能设置和清除这个属性。如果要改变inetd.conf文件,你必须先清除这个不允许改变的标志:
[root@deep]# chattr -i /etc/inetd.conf |
但是对于诸如sendmail,named,www等服务,由于它们不象finger,telnet等服务,在请求到来时由inet守护进程启动相应的进程提供服务,而是在系统启动时,作为守护进程运行的。
而对于redhat linux,提供了一个linuxconfig命令,可以通过它在图形界面下交互式地设置是否在启动时运行相关服务。也可以通过命令来设置是否启动时启动某个服务,如:[root@deep]# chkconfig –level 35 named off。
(T117)
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