两个主要数据结构如下：
struct file_operations {
struct module *owner;
loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);
unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
int (*fsync) (struct file *, struct dentry *, int datasync);
int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
...
};
struct file {
/*
* fu_list becomes invalid after file_free is called and queued via
* fu_rcuhead for RCU freeing
*/
union {
struct list_head fu_list;
struct rcu_head fu_rcuhead;
} f_u;
struct path f_path;
#define f_dentry f_path.dentry
#define f_vfsmnt f_path.mnt
const struct file_operations *f_op;
atomic_t f_count;
unsigned int f_flags;
mode_t f_mode;
loff_t f_pos;
struct fown_struct f_owner;
unsigned int f_uid, f_gid;
struct file_ra_state f_ra;
unsigned long f_version;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
void *f_security;
#endif
/* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
void *private_data;
#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL
/* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */
struct list_head f_ep_links;
spinlock_t f_ep_lock;
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */
struct address_space *f_mapping;
};
当访问文件时，首先open("",??), open函数通过系统调用sys_open进入内核空间, sysopen又调用do_sys_open,
long do_sys_open(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int flags, int mode)
{
char *tmp = getname(filename);
int fd = PTR_ERR(tmp);
if (!IS_ERR(tmp)) {
fd = get_unused_fd();
if (fd >= 0) {
struct file *f = do_filp_open(dfd, tmp, flags, mode);
if (IS_ERR(f)) {
put_unused_fd(fd);
fd = PTR_ERR(f);
} else {
fsnotify_open(f->f_path.dentry);
fd_install(fd, f);
}
}
putname(tmp);
}
return fd;
}
int get_unused_fd(void)
{
struct files_struct * files = current->files;
int fd, error;
struct fdtable *fdt;
error = -EMFILE;
spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
repeat:
fdt = files_fdtable(files);
fd = find_next_zero_bit(fdt->open_fds->fds_bits, fdt->max_fds,
files->next_fd);
/*
* N.B. For clone tasks sharing a files structure, this test
* will limit the total number of files that can be opened.
*/
if (fd >= current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur)
goto out;
/* Do we need to expand the fd array or fd set? */
error = expand_files(files, fd);
if (error < 0)
goto out;
if (error) {
/*
* If we needed to expand the fs array we
* might have blocked - try again.
*/
error = -EMFILE;
goto repeat;
}
FD_SET(fd, fdt->open_fds);
FD_CLR(fd, fdt->close_on_exec);
files->next_fd = fd + 1;
#if 1
/* Sanity check */
if (fdt->fd[fd] != NULL) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "get_unused_fd: slot %d not NULL!\n", fd);
fdt->fd[fd] = NULL;
}
#endif
error = fd;
out:
spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
return error;
}
do_sys_open 通过get_unused_fd(),在当前进程空间内的struct file结构数组中,
找一个空的struct file{}结构，并返回一个数组的下标号，
之后do_sys_open又调用do_filp_open,do_filp_open调用nameidata_to_filp，
nameidata_to_filp调用__dentry_open，
static struct file *__dentry_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
int flags, struct file *f,
int (*open)(struct inode *, struct file *))
{
struct inode *inode;
int error;
f->f_flags = flags;
f->f_mode = ((flags+1) & O_ACCMODE) | FMODE_LSEEK |
FMODE_PREAD | FMODE_PWRITE;
inode = dentry->d_inode;
if (f->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) {
error = get_write_access(inode);
if (error)
goto cleanup_file;
}
f->f_mapping = inode->i_mapping;
f->f_path.dentry = dentry;
f->f_path.mnt = mnt;
f->f_pos = 0;
f->f_op = fops_get(inode->i_fop);
file_move(f, &inode->i_sb->s_files);
if (!open && f->f_op)
open = f->f_op->open;
if (open) {
error = open(inode, f);
if (error)
goto cleanup_all;
}
f->f_flags &= ~(O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_NOCTTY | O_TRUNC);
file_ra_state_init(&f->f_ra, f->f_mapping->host->i_mapping);
/* NB: we're sure to have correct a_ops only after f_op->open */
if (f->f_flags & O_DIRECT) {
if (!f->f_mapping->a_ops ||
((!f->f_mapping->a_ops->direct_IO) &&
(!f->f_mapping->a_ops->get_xip_page))) {
fput(f);
f = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
}
return f;
cleanup_all:
fops_put(f->f_op);
if (f->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)
put_write_access(inode);
file_kill(f);
f->f_path.dentry = NULL;
f->f_path.mnt = NULL;
cleanup_file:
put_filp(f);
dput(dentry);
mntput(mnt);
return ERR_PTR(error);
}
struct inode {
struct hlist_node i_hash;
struct list_head i_list;
struct list_head i_sb_list;
struct list_head i_dentry;
unsigned long i_ino;
atomic_t i_count;
unsigned int i_nlink;
uid_t i_uid;
gid_t i_gid;
dev_t i_rdev;
unsigned long i_version;
loff_t i_size;
#ifdef __NEED_I_SIZE_ORDERED
seqcount_t i_size_seqcount;
#endif
struct timespec i_atime;
struct timespec i_mtime;
struct timespec i_ctime;
unsigned int i_blkbits;
blkcnt_t i_blocks;
unsigned short i_bytes;
umode_t i_mode;
spinlock_t i_lock; /* i_blocks, i_bytes, maybe i_size */
struct mutex i_mutex;
struct rw_semaphore i_alloc_sem;
struct inode_operations *i_op;
const struct file_operations *i_fop; /* former ->i_op->default_file_ops */
struct super_block *i_sb;
struct file_lock *i_flock;
struct address_space *i_mapping;
struct address_space i_data;
#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
struct dquot *i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS];
#endif
struct list_head i_devices;
union {
struct pipe_inode_info *i_pipe;
struct block_device *i_bdev;
struct cdev *i_cdev;
};
int i_cindex;
__u32 i_generation;
#ifdef CONFIG_DNOTIFY
unsigned long i_dnotify_mask; /* Directory notify events */
struct dnotify_struct *i_dnotify; /* for directory notifications */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_INOTIFY
struct list_head inotify_watches; /* watches on this inode */
struct mutex inotify_mutex; /* protects the watches list */
#endif
unsigned long i_state;
unsigned long dirtied_when; /* jiffies of first dirtying */
unsigned int i_flags;
atomic_t i_writecount;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
void *i_security;
#endif
void *i_private; /* fs or device private pointer */
};
#define fops_get(fops) \
(((fops) && try_module_get((fops)->owner) ? (fops) : NULL))
我们一般加载模块
#else /*!CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD*/
static inline int try_module_get(struct module *module)
{
return !module || module_is_live(module);
}
在__dentry_open,通过关键语句,f->f_op = fops_get(inode->i_fop)；
得到了具有一个指向struct file_operations结构的指针的struct file结构指针，之后通过语句
if (!open && f->f_op)
open = f->f_op->open;
if (open) {
error = open(inode, f);
if (error)
goto cleanup_all;
}
调用我们编写的struct file_operations中的xxxopen()
其他操作类似，
read调用顺序如下:
read()->sys_read()->vfs_read()->{file->f_op->read}
用户空间的read、write---linux系统调用---间接调用设备驱动程序中file_operations结构中的函数整个调用过程是这样一个顺序的。
