如果看过linux内核代码,那一定知道current为什么是当前task
current 根据esp来确定当前task, 因为内核栈和当前task有一个一一对应的关系
pthread_self和current类似,每个thread对应一个task(nptl), 每个task的gdt有3个TLS entries;
在glibc初始化时(控制权转入main), 如果支持pthread, pthread会初始化
其中会调用如下宏, 由于初始化较早,所以thrdescr来自直接的brk
把%gs直接指向用set_thread_area安装好的tls entry
这样,根据%gs就能得到一切
/* Code to initially initialize the thread pointer. This might need
special attention since 'errno' is not yet available and if the
operation can cause a failure 'errno' must not be touched. */
# define TLS_INIT_TP(thrdescr, secondcall) \
({ void *_thrdescr = (thrdescr); \
tcbhead_t *_head = _thrdescr; \
union user_desc_init _segdescr; \
int _result; \
\
_head->tcb = _thrdescr; \
/* For now the thread descriptor is at the same address. */ \
_head->self = _thrdescr; \
/* New syscall handling support. */ \
INIT_SYSINFO; \
\
/* The 'entry_number' field. Let the kernel pick a value. */ \
if (secondcall) \
_segdescr.vals[0] = TLS_GET_GS () >> 3; \
else \
_segdescr.vals[0] = -1; \
/* The 'base_addr' field. Pointer to the TCB. */ \
_segdescr.vals[1] = (unsigned long int) _thrdescr; \
/* The 'limit' field. We use 4GB which is 0xfffff pages. */ \
_segdescr.vals[2] = 0xfffff; \
/* Collapsed value of the bitfield: \
.seg_32bit = 1 \
.contents = 0 \
.read_exec_only = 0 \
.limit_in_pages = 1 \
.seg_not_present = 0 \
.useable = 1 */ \
_segdescr.vals[3] = 0x51; \
\
/* Install the TLS. */ \
asm volatile (TLS_LOAD_EBX \
"int $0x80\n\t" \
TLS_LOAD_EBX \
: "=a" (_result), "=m" (_segdescr.desc.entry_number) \
: "0" (__NR_set_thread_area), \
TLS_EBX_ARG (&_segdescr.desc), "m" (_segdescr.desc)); \
\
if (_result == 0) \
/* We know the index in the GDT, now load the segment register. \
The use of the GDT is described by the value 3 in the lower \
three bits of the segment descriptor value. \
\
Note that we have to do this even if the numeric value of \
the descriptor does not change. Loading the segment register \
causes the segment information from the GDT to be loaded \
which is necessary since we have changed it. */ \
TLS_SET_GS (_segdescr.desc.entry_number * 8 + 3); \
\
_result == 0 ? NULL \
: "set_thread_area failed when setting up thread-local storage\n"; })
pthread_t
__pthread_self (void)
{
return (pthread_t) THREAD_SELF;
}
strong_alias (__pthread_self, pthread_self)
# define THREAD_SELF \
({ struct pthread *__self; \
asm ("movl %%gs:%c1,%0" : "=r" (__self) \
: "i" (offsetof (struct pthread, header.self))); \
__self;})
set_thread_area实现很简单,找一个tls entry, 根据参数设置好GDT descc
每次任务切换,内核会根据需要是否加载tls 到gdt中, 因为每个CPU只有一个GDT
gcc支持一个__thread存储描述符, 就用到了tls
$ cat t.c
__thread int i;
int test()
{
i = 0;
}
$ cc t.c -S
$ cat t.s
.file "t.c"
.globl i
.section .tbss,"awT",@nobits
.align 4
.type i, @object
.size i, 4
i:
.zero 4
.text
.globl test
.type test, @function
test:
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
movl $0, %gs:i@NTPOFF
popl %ebp
ret
.size test, .-test
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) 4.4.3"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
NTPOFF 标示重定位为可执行文件中定义的符号的静态 TLS 偏移
比如, 所有的tls合并之后放在线程栈的某个地方,那么直接用%gs:offset就可以引用该变量了
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