Debian GNU/kFreeBSD的一些细节

项目网站：

 

正式的说明：Debian GNU/kFreeBSD is a port that consists of using the on top of 's kernel, coupled with the regular .

 

简单理解：这是Debian的一个移植项目，使用FreeBSD内核作为系统内核，利用移植的GNU C 库作为中间层，使用GNU userland工具程序，并集成Debian的包管理系统，虽说目前KFreeBSD并不成熟，还处于test、unrelease阶段，但对感兴趣的开发者而言，它已经可以很好的工作。目前支持kfreebsd-i386 和 kfreebsd-amd64. （链接包括iso映像下载）

 

展开阅读：

 

安装和运行：vm虚拟机环境下，上述链接地址中所提供的iso映像在磁盘分区操作上，大多报错，可用的iso是20100221目录下所提供的mini.iso，只包括kfreebsd内核和安装向导程序所需要的工具支持。

 

安装引导界面：这是mini.iso光盘启动界面

系统安装界面：

正常情况下，安装程序运行在向导模式，按照安装主菜单的顺序，依次提示用户设置，其中

1.network配置会自动配置DHCP网络，若不成功，才会出现手动配置网络

2.Mirror 可以选择Debian软件包的镜像服务器，其中中国有两个服务器可选，速度在200KB/s左右

3.Partition disks 是配置磁盘分区和逻辑分区，在2010年之前的版本，使用的是FreeBSD的fdisk，而2010年版本，

   换为partman，分区操作中会报错，若使用文中指定版本，可继续进行，其他版本报错后无法继续。

4.base system,会从镜像服务器下载基本系统必须的软件包，并进行安装，若下载失败，可重新使用这个选项更新下载。

5.select and install ,可选桌面系统及各类服务器，确定后下载所需软件包安装，默认桌面是gnome

6.安装过程中，也会提示选择具体的kfreebsd内核，涵盖 FreeBSD 7 和 FreeBSD 8，并提供i686版本。

 

系统启动界面

 

dmesg信息：

 

FreeBSD部分：

 

Copyright (c) 1992-2009 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.
#0 Fri Jan 15 18:15:20 UTC 2010
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU     E8400  @ 3.00GHz (2995.50-MHz 686-class CPU)
  Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0x1067a  Stepping = 10
  Features=0xfebfbff
  Features2=0x82201
  AMD Features=0x20100000
  AMD Features2=0x1
real memory  = 536870912 (512 MB)
avail memory = 511574016 (487 MB)
ACPI APIC Table:
MADT: Forcing active-low polarity and level trigger for SCI
ioapic0 irqs 0-23 on motherboard
kbd1 at kbdmux0
acpi0: on motherboard
acpi0: [ITHREAD]
acpi0: Power Button (fixed)
Timecounter "ACPI-safe" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 850
acpi_timer0: <24-bit timer at 3.579545MHz> port 0x1008-0x100b on acpi0
pcib0: port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
pci0: on pcib0
pcib1: at device 1.0 on pci0
pci1: on pcib1
isab0: at device 7.0 on pci0
isa0: on isab0
atapci0: port 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6,0x170-0x177,0x376,0x1400-0x140f at device 7.1 on pci0
ata0: on atapci0
ata0: [ITHREAD]
ata1: on atapci0
ata1: [ITHREAD]
uhci0: port 0x1060-0x107f irq 19 at device 7.2 on pci0
uhci0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
uhci0: [ITHREAD]
usb0: on uhci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: on usb0
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
pci0: at device 7.3 (no driver attached)
vgapci0: port 0x1410-0x141f mem 0xf0000000-0xf7ffffff,0xe8000000-0xe87fffff at device 15.0 on pci0
mpt0: port 0x1080-0x10ff mem 0xe8800000-0xe8800fff irq 17 at device 16.0 on pci0
mpt0: [ITHREAD]
mpt0: MPI Version=1.2.0.0
pcib2: mem 0xe8801000-0xe8801fff at device 17.0 on pci0
pci2: on pcib2
le0: port 0x2000-0x207f irq 18 at device 0.0 on pci2
le0: 16 receive buffers, 4 transmit buffers
le0: Ethernet address: 00:0c:29:6d:45:4a
le0: [ITHREAD]
pci2: at device 1.0 (no driver attached)
ehci0: mem 0xe8900000-0xe8900fff irq 16 at device 2.0 on pci2
ehci0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
ehci0: [ITHREAD]
usb1: EHCI version 1.0
usb1: on ehci0
usb1: USB revision 2.0
uhub1: <(0x15ad) EHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb1
uhub1: 6 ports with 6 removable, self powered
pci2: at device 3.0 (no driver attached)
acpi_acad0: on acpi0
atkbdc0: port 0x60,0x64 irq 1 on acpi0
atkbd0: irq 1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
atkbd0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
atkbd0: [ITHREAD]
psm0: flags 0x100 irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: [ITHREAD]
psm0: model IntelliMouse, device ID 3
sio0: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0
sio0: type 16550A
sio0: [FILTER]
sio1: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on acpi0
sio1: type 16550A
sio1: [FILTER]
cpu0: on acpi0
acpi_throttle0: on cpu0
pmtimer0 on isa0
orm0: at iomem 0xc0000-0xc7fff,0xc8000-0xc8fff,0xdc000-0xdffff,0xe0000-0xe3fff pnpid ORM0000 on isa0
vga0: at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
sc0: at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
ppc0: at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
ppc0: Generic chipset (NIBBLE-only) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppbus0: on ppc0
ppbus0: [ITHREAD]
ppc0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
ppc0: [ITHREAD]
Timecounter "TSC" frequency 2995500285 Hz quality 800
Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec
ad0: 8192MB at ata0-master UDMA33
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad0s1 is ufsid/4bcebd9d7ff0d207.
acd0: DVDR at ata1-master UDMA33
Waiting 2 seconds for SCSI devices to settle
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad0s5 is ufsid/4bcebd9d7f0630fd.
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad0s6 is ufsid/4bcebd9e8ab43f4f.
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad0s8 is ufsid/4bcebd9e97573fad.
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad0s9 is ufsid/4bcebd9e2e32c639.

 

非FreeBSD部分：

 

从其中对KFreeBSD的启动机制有个大概的了解：

 

Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ad0s1
INIT:
version 2.86 booting

Loading devfs rules...
done.
Setting up /dev links...
done.
Mounting kernel filesystems...
done.
WARNING: TMPFS is considered to be a highly experimental feature in FreeBSD.
Mount point '/dev/shm' does not exist. Skipping mount. ...
 (warning).
Activating swap...
done.
Checking root file system...
fsck from util-linux-ng 2.16.2
GEOM_LABEL: Label ufsid/4bcebd9d7ff0d207 removed.
/dev/ad0s1: FILE SYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1: clean, 138309 free (77 frags, 17279 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad0s1 is ufsid/4bcebd9d7ff0d207.
done.
GEOM_LABEL: Label ufsid/4bcebd9d7ff0d207 removed.
Cleaning up ifupdown...
.
Activating lvm and md swap...
done.
Checking file systems...
fsck from util-linux-ng 2.16.2
GEOM_LABEL: Label ufsid/4bcebd9e2e32c639 removed.
/dev/ad0s9: FILE SYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s9: clean, 1410045 free (45 frags, 176250 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad0s9 is ufsid/4bcebd9e2e32c639.
GEOM_LABEL: Label ufsid/4bcebd9e97573fad removed.
/dev/ad0s8: FILE SYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s8: clean, 124364 free (28 frags, 15542 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad0s8 is ufsid/4bcebd9e97573fad.
GEOM_LABEL: Label ufsid/4bcebd9d7f0630fd removed.
/dev/ad0s5: FILE SYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s5: clean, 336583 free (1167 frags, 41927 blocks, 0.1% fragmentation)
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad0s5 is ufsid/4bcebd9d7f0630fd.
GEOM_LABEL: Label ufsid/4bcebd9e8ab43f4f removed.
/dev/ad0s6: FILE SYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s6: clean, 164649 free (1601 frags, 20381 blocks, 0.2% fragmentation)
GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider ad0s6 is ufsid/4bcebd9e8ab43f4f.
done.
Setting up networking...
.
Mounting local filesystems...
GEOM_LABEL: Label ufsid/4bcebd9e2e32c639 removed.
GEOM_LABEL: Label ufsid/4bcebd9e97573fad removed.
GEOM_LABEL: Label ufsid/4bcebd9d7f0630fd removed.
GEOM_LABEL: Label ufsid/4bcebd9e8ab43f4f removed.
done.
Activating swapfile swap...
done.
Cleaning up temporary files...
.
kern.module_path:
/boot/kernel;/boot/modules
 ->
/lib/modules/7.2-1-686;/boot/kernel

Configuring network interfaces...
usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.3

Copyright 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium.

All rights reserved.

For info, please visit

 

Listening on BPF/le0/00:0c:29:6d:45:4a

Sending on   BPF/le0/00:0c:29:6d:45:4a

Sending on   Socket/fallback

DHCPDISCOVER on le0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7

DHCPOFFER from 192.168.20.254

DHCPREQUEST on le0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67

DHCPACK from 192.168.20.254

bound to 192.168.20.134 -- renewal in 868 seconds.

usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]
done.
Starting portmap daemon...
.
Cleaning up temporary files...
.
Loading console keymap...
done.
INIT:
Entering runlevel: 2

Starting portmap daemon...
Already running.
.
Loading cpufreq kernel modules...
done (none).
Starting enhanced syslogd: rsyslogd
.
Starting anac(h)ronistic cron: anacron
.
Starting deferred execution scheduler: atd
.
CPUFreq Utilities: Setting ondemand CPUFreq governor...
disabled, governor not available...
done.
Starting periodic command scheduler: cron
.
Starting system message bus: dbus
.
Starting MTA:
 exim4
.
Starting Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Daemon: avahi-daemon
.
Starting Hardware abstraction layer: hald
pid 688 (hald-probe-volume), uid 0: exited on signal 11 (core dumped)
.
Starting Common Unix Printing System: cupsd
.
Starting GNOME Display Manager: gdm
.
saned disabled; edit /etc/default/saned