每个linux的学习者都知道GNU/Linux是什么意思！那么我们在使用LINUX的过程中，到底感受的那个更多些？
昨天下午问同事，没有GNU的Linux是个什么样子？
我们在大学计算机的入门教程中，知道了什么叫“裸机”，没有操作系统的计算机硬件，也没有加电！除非其全部被重置。我的类比理解就是这样。
比如我们日常所用的如题的软件套件集合，正如我们错误的将之遗忘一样！提起它，让它见到光明！其最新版本是如下的联接：
。
打开你的linux，执行如下：（Debian,gentoo例外）
[root@lee ~]# rpm -qi
coreutils-5.2.1-32
Name : coreutils Relocations:
(not relocatable)
Version : 5.2.1 Vendor:
(none)
Release : 32 Build Date: 2006年07月13日
星期四 00时12分39秒
Install Date: 2007年03月15日 星期四 11时50分49秒 Build Host:
koumei.asianux.com
Group : System Environment/Base Source RPM:
coreutils-5.2.1-32.src.rpm
Size : 8089056
License: GPL
Signature : (none)
URL :
ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/
Summary : The GNU core utilities: a
set of tools commonly used in shell scripts
Description :
These are the
GNU core utilities. This package is the combination of
the old GNU
fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils
packages.
它包含有三个基本的套件，文件、shell、文本，各包含的程序如下：
1、文件套件
- chgrp - Changes file group ownership.
- chown - Changes file ownership.
- chmod - Changes file permissions.
- cp - Copies files.
- dd - Copies and converts a file.
- df - Shows disk free space on filesystems.
- dir - Gives a brief directory listing.
- dircolors - Setup program for the color output of GNU ls.
- du - Shows disk usage on filesystems.
- install - Copies file and sets its permissions.
- ln - Creates file links.
- ls - Lists directory contents.
- mkdir - Creates directories.
- mkfifo - Creates FIFOs (named pipes).
- mknod - Creates special files.
- mv - Moves files.
- rm - Removes (deletes) files.
- rmdir - Removes empty directories.
- shred - Destroy data in files.
- sync - Synchronizes filesystem buffers and disk.
- touch - Changes file timestamps.
- vdir - Long directory listing.
2、shell套件
- [ - Check file types and compare values
- basename - Removes the path prefix from a given pathname.
- chroot - Changes the root directory.
- date - Prints/sets the system date and time.
- dirname - Removes the last level or filename from a given pathname.
- echo - Prints a line of text.
- env - Displays/modifies the environment.
- expr - Evaluates expressions.
- factor - Prints prime factors.
- false - Returns an unsuccessful exit status.
- groups - Print the groups that the user is a member of.
- hostid - Print the numeric identifier for the current host
- hostname - Print or set the machine name.
- id - Print real/effective uid/gid.
- logname - Print current login name.
- nice - Modify scheduling priority.
- nohup - Allows a command to continue running after logging out.
- pathchk - Check file name portability.
- pinky - Lightweight finger
- printenv - Prints environment variables.
- printf - Formats and prints data.
- pwd - Print the current working directory.
- seq - Print numeric sequences.
- sleep - Suspends execution for a specified time.
- stty - Print/change terminal settings.
- su - Allows you to adopt the id of another user or superuser.
- tee - Sends output to multiple files.
- test - Evaluates an expression.
- true - Returns a successful exit status.
- tty - Print terminal name.
- uname - Print system information.
- users - Print current user names.
- who - Print a list of all users currently logged in.
- whoami - Print effective user id.
- yes - Print a string repeatedly.
3、文本操作套件
- cat - concatenate files and print to the standard output
- cksum - checksum and count the bytes in a file
- comm - compare two sorted files line by line
- csplit - split a file into sections determined by context lines
- cut - remove sections from each line of files
- expand - convert tabs to spaces
- fmt - simple optimal text formatter
- fold - wrap each input line to fit in specified width
- join - join lines of two files on a common field
- md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
- nl - number lines of files
- od - dump files in octal and other formats
- paste - merge lines of files
- pr - convert text files for printing
- ptx - produce a permuted index of file contents
- sort - sort lines of text files
- split - split a file into pieces
- sum - checksum and count the blocks in a file
- tac - concatenate and print files in reverse
- tail - output the last part of files
- tr - translate or delete characters
- tsort - perform topological sort
- unexpand - convert spaces to tabs
- uniq - remove duplicate lines from a sorted file
- wc - print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
- head - output the first part of files
看着这些工具，熟悉的面孔，每一个linux
fans的基本技能！
GPLV3早已发布，而你的系统用的这些工具和官方发布的一致吗？
