Cisco IOS Cookbook 中文精简版第二十二章第一跳冗余协议 (1)

22.1.  配置基本HSRP

当主用路由器当掉以后备份路由器可以接管主用路由器的IP地址和MAC地址

回答

Router1：

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1

Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3 255.255.255.0

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

Router2：

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0

Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.2 255.255.255.0

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110

Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#end

Router2#

注释 由于HSRP虚拟出来的MAC地址跟组相关，所以可能会出现同一交换机收到多个相同的MAC地址的情况，这时候就需要用standby 1 mac-address 0000.0c07.ad01 命令来人工指定一个MAC地址

22.2.       使用HSRP 强占特性

提问 强制某个路由器启动后一直在组中处于主用状态

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1  

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120   

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt    

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1  

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110   

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt      

Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#end

Router2#

注释 正常情况下当LAN端口up后就会发生强占，而此时可能网络还没有收敛，所以建议配置强占延迟时间，让路由器启动后过一段时间再发起强占standby 1 preempt delay 60

22.3.  配置HSRP对接口问题追踪的支持

提问 当主用路由器的上联端口出现问题后主动切换到备用路由器

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 track Serial0/0 20

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

从12.2(15)T后引入更多可追踪实例

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#track 11 interface Serial1/1 ip routing     

Router1(config-track)#exit                                    

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120 

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 track 11 decrement 50

Router1(config-if)#end

Router1#

注释 Router1#show track  

Track 11 PAN>Interface Serial1/1 ip routing

  IP routing is Down (hw admin-down, ip disabled)

    1 change, last change 00:12:48

  Tracked by:

    HSRP FastEthernet0/0 1

22.4.  HSRP负载均衡

提问 在两台或者多台HSRP路由器上实现流量的负载均衡

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1

Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3 255.255.255.0

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router1(config-if)#standby 2 ip 172.22.1.2

Router1(config-if)#standby 2 priority 110

Router1(config-if)#standby 2 preempt

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet1/0

Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.4 255.255.255.0

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110

Router2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router2(config-if)#standby 2 ip 172.22.1.2

Router2(config-if)#standby 2 priority 120

Router2(config-if)#standby 2 preempt

Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#end

Router2#

注释 由于出现两个网关，所以需要在终端设备上分开配置各自的缺省网关。

22.5.  HSRP中ICMP重定向

提问 在HSRP中启用ICMP重定向

回答

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0

Router2(config-if)#no ip redirects          

Router2(config-if)#standby redirects disable

Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#end

Router2#

注释

22.6.  调整HSRP定时器

提问 调整备份路由器接管主用路由器所需时长

回答

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 timers 1 3

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

注释 缺省Hello包时长为3秒，10秒后会接管，如果主用路由器调整时长，整个组内的路由器都要调整为相同的时长。最短可以到达毫秒Router1(config-if)#standby 1 timers msec 100 msec 300

22.7.  在令牌环网络中使用HSRP

提问 在令牌环网络中配置HSRP

回答

如果只用IP协议配置同前面例子，如果还有其他协议，特别是使用了source-route bridging就用下面的配置方法

Router1#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router1(config)#interface Tokenring0

Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3

Router1(config-if)#standby ip 172.22.1.1

Router1(config-if)#standby use-bia

Router1(config-if)#standby priority 120

Router1(config-if)#standby preempt

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#end

Router1#

Router2#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router2(config)#interface Tokenring0

Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.2

Router2(config-if)#standby ip 172.22.1.1

Router2(config-if)#standby use-bia

Router2(config-if)#standby priority 110

Router2(config-if)#standby preempt