Virtual Mail Server
Virtual Mail Server 的優點為多網域使用同一台機器,它可讓一台伺服器不會單獨只服務一個 Domain 而造成浪費,四位之前有使用 vm-pop3 做過這樣的機智,但是因為缺乏好良好的 Web GUI 管理介面而讓系統管理者非常的辛苦,每次有要修改新增資料時就要勞駕系統管理者 Console 到 Server 裡慢慢修改,這真的粉辛苦ㄋㄟ。不過現在四位找到一個新的軟體 Postfixadmin ,這真是個好東西我們可透過它的 Web GUI 介面管理虛擬郵件主機,我們可以開新的網域及增加刪除使用者還可設定管理者,哈哈 ~ 如此一來我這個系統管理者只要負責架設及維護就好,這下可輕鬆了 ^^
除了 squirrelmail 的 pulgin 套件採抓取自行安裝外,其餘所有軟體安裝皆採用 ports 安裝,軟體安裝前已先更新過 ports tree ,虛擬郵件主機的主機名稱( Host name )為:vm ,網域名稱( Domain name )為:ntut.idv.tw、Server IP 為:88.88.88.88 ,DNS 也已指定過 MX 到 88.88.88.88 這個 IP,Server 架設完成後,所有要在虛擬郵件主機上跑的 Domain name DNS 皆需要指定 MX 到 88.88.88.88 這個 IP。
文件配色說明: 紅色粗體:標題 黑色粗體:副標題 藍色粗體:鍵入的指令文字 綠色字體:鍵入的文件內容 深紫字體:系統回應文字 黑色字體:文字說明。
Environment :
Postfix + PostfixAdmin + MySQL + Apache2 + PHP4 + PHP4-Session + Cyrus-sasl + Courier-imap + Maildrop + Squirrelmail
*OS:FreeBSD 5.4 Release
* mysql-server-4.0.25:/usr/ports/database/mysql40-server
* apache-2.0.54:/usr/ports/www/apache2
* php4-4.4.0:/usr/ports/lang/php4
* php4-session-4.4.0:/usr/ports/www/php4-session
* cyrus-sasl-2.1.21:/usr/ports/security/cyrus-sasl2
* postfix-2.2.5,1:/usr/ports/mail/postfix
* courier-imap-4.0.4,1:/usr/ports/mail/courier-imap
* maildrop-1.8.0_3:/usr/ports/mail/maildrop
* squirrelmail-1.4.5:/usr/ports/mail/squirrelmail
Setp 1.
安裝 MySQL40 ( Server/Client )
#cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql40-server/
#make install
#vi /etc/rc.conf # 設定 mysql 重開機自動啟動
mysql_enable="YES"
#reboot # 重開機讓 mysql 啟動
#netstats -na |grep LISTEN # 確認 mysql server 有啟動
tcp4 0 0 *.3306 *.* LISTEN
Setp 2.
安裝 Apache2
#cd /usr/ports/www/apache2
#make install
#vi /etc/rc.conf # 設定 apache2 開機自動 up
apache2_enable="YES"
#vi /usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf
ServerAdmin admin@ntut.idv.tw
ServerName 127.0.0.1
AddDefaultCharset big5
#/usr/local/sbin/apachectl start
#ps -ax |grep http # 確認 apache 有啟動
70558 ?? Ss 0:00.06 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start
70559 ?? S 0:00.01 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start
70560 ?? S 0:00.01 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start
70561 ?? S 0:00.01 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start
Setp 3.
安裝 PHP4 + php4-session + cyrus-sasl2
#cd /usr/ports/lang/php4
#make install
Options for php4 4.4.0 # 只選了 apache2
[X] APACHE2 Use apache 2.x instead of apache 1.3.x
#vi /usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf # 修改 apache2 設定讓 php 運行在 apache2
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.html.var
#cd /usr/local/etc/
#cp php.ini-dist php.ini
#vi php.ini
register_globals =On # 修改 register_globals =Off 變成 On ,squirrelmail 會用得到
#cd /usr/ports/www/php4-session/ # 安裝 php4-session 是 postfixadmin 需要用到的,所以是必須要加裝的
#make install
#apachectl restart # 重新起動 apache
#vi /usr/local/www/data/index.php
開個瀏覽器測試 php4 有無安裝成功:
# cd /usr/ports/security/cyrus-sasl2 # 安裝 cyrus-sasl
# make install WITH_AUTHDAEMON=yes
#vi /usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf # 配置 sasl
pwcheck_method: authdaemond
log_level: 3
mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN
authdaemond_path:/var/run/authdaemond/socket
Setp 4.
安裝 Postfix
#cd /usr/ports/mail/postfix
#make install WITH_AUTHDAEMON=yes
Postfix configuration options # 只選 SASL2 跟 MySQL
[X] SASL2 Cyrus SASLv2 (Simple Authentication and Security Layer)
[X] MySQL MySQL map lookups (choose version with WITH_MYSQL_VER)
Would you like to activate Postfix in /etc/mail/mailer.conf [n]? y # 選 yes
#cd /usr/local/etc/rc.d # 開機自動啟動 postfix
#ln –s /usr/local/sbin/postfix postfix.sh
#chmod 755 postfix.sh
#echo ‘postfix: root’ >> /etc/aliases
#/usr/local/bin/newaliases
#chown postfix:postfix /etc/opiekeys
#vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
myhostname = vm.ntut.idv.tw
mydomain = ntut.idv.tw
myorigin = $mydomain
mydestination = $myhostname localhost localhost.$mydomain
mynetworks = 88.88.88.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8
inet_interfaces = all
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mailbox/
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_uid_maps = static:5001
virtual_gid_maps = static:5001
virtual_transport = maildrop
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
message_size_limit = 143360000
virtual_mailbox_limit = 209715200
virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
virtual_mailbox_extended = yes
virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes
virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the user's maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, please try again later.
virtual_overquota_bounce = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_application_name = smtpd
smtpd_banner=$myhostname ESMTP "Version not Available"
#mkdir /var/mailbox # 建立郵件存放目錄
#pw groupadd vmail -g 5001 # 建立 vmail 這個使用者帳號及群組
#pw useradd vmail -u 5001 -g 5001 -s/sbin/nologin -d/dev/null
#chown -R vmail:vmail /var/mailbox
#chmod -R ug+rwx,o-rwx /var/mailbox
#vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf # 建立MySQL 跟 postfix 之間的資料對應關聯總共四個檔
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = alias
select_field = goto
where_field = address
#vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = domain
select_field = description
where_field = domain
#vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = maildir
where_field = username
#vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = quota
where_field = username
#/usr/local/sbin/postfix start # 啟動 postfix
Setp 4.
安裝 Postfixadmin
#cd /usr/ports/mail/postfixadmin/
#make install
#chown -R vmail:vmail /usr/local/www/postfixadmin # 修改所有 postfixadmin 的目錄資料夾權限
#cd /usr/local/www/postfixadmin
#chmod 640 *.php *.css
#cd /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/admin/
#chmod 640 *.php .ht*
#cd /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/images/
#chmod 640 *.gif *.png
#cd /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/languages/
#chmod 640 *.lang
#cd /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/templates/
#chmod 640 *.tpl
#cd /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/users/
#chmod 640 *.php
#cd /usr/local/www/postfixadmin # 建立 Postfixadmin 的 MySQL 資料庫
#mysql -u root < DATABASE_MYSQL.TXT
#vi config.inc.php # 修改 postfixadmin 的設定檔,目前只修改下面幾項設定,其他更多設定得自己慢慢研究
$CONF['default_language'] = 'tw';
$CONF['database_type'] = 'mysql';
$CONF['database_host'] = 'localhost';
$CONF['database_user'] = 'postfixadmin';
$CONF['database_password'] = 'postfixadmin';
$CONF['database_name'] = 'postfix';
//$CONF['encrypt'] = 'md5crypt'; # 註解掉md5 加密改用一般明碼
$CONF['encrypt'] = 'cleartext';
$CONF['domain_path'] = 'YES';
$CONF['domain_in_mailbox'] = 'NO';
$CONF['quota'] = 'YES';
$CONF['footer_text'] = 'Return to vm.ntut.idv.tw';
$CONF['footer_link'] = '';
#vi /usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf # 修改 apache 的 User 跟 Group
#User www
#Group www
User vmail
Group vmail
#vi /usr/local/etc/apache2/Includes/mine.conf # 增加 apache 對應的 postfixadmin 虛擬目錄
Alias /postfixadmin/ "/usr/local/www/postfixadmin/"
Options Indexes
AllowOverride ALL
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
#apachectl stop # 重新啟動apache
#apachectl start
Setp 5.
安装Courier-imap+maildrop
#cd /usr/ports/mail/courier-imap
#make WITHOUT_OPENSSL=yes WITH_MYSQL=yes install clean
Options for courier-imap 4.0.4,1 # 只選了 AUTH_MYSQL
[X] AUTH_MYSQL MySQL support
#chmod +x /var/run/authdaemond
#cd /usr/local/etc/courier-imap
#cp imapd.cnf.dist imapd.cnf
#cp pop3d.cnf.dist pop3d.cnf
#vi /usr/local/etc/authlib/authdaemonrc # 刪除其他的 authxxxx 只留下 authmysql
authmodulelist="authmysql"
authmodulelistorig="authmysql"
#vi /usr/local/etc/authlib/authmysqlrc # 注意:在這個文件中不能使用空白鍵,只能用 tab 鍵,localhost 也不能使用單引號。
MYSQL_SERVER localhost
MYSQL_SOCKET /tmp/mysql.sock
MYSQL_DATABASE postfix
MYSQL_USERNAME postfix
MYSQL_PASSWORD postfix
MYSQL_USER_TABLE mailbox
MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD username
#MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD password # 這邊採用明碼所以註解掉改成下面那行
MYSQL_CLEAR_PWFIELD password
MYSQL_UID_FIELD '5001'
MYSQL_GID_FIELD '5001'
MYSQL_HOME_FIELD '/var/mailbox/'
MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD maildir
MYSQL_NAME_FIELD name
MYSQL_QUOTA_FIELD quota
MYSQL_WHERE_CLAUSE active='1'
#vi /etc/rc.conf # 建立開機自動啟動
courier_authdaemond_enable="YES"
courier_imap_pop3d_enable="YES"
courier_imap_imapd_enable="YES"
#cd /usr/ports/mail/maildrop # 安裝 maildrop
#make WITH_AUTHLIB=yes install clean
Options for maildrop 1.8.0_3 # 只選了 AUTH_MYSQL
[X] AUTH_MYSQL MySQL support
#vi /etc/maildroprc # 建立新的文件 /etc/maildroprc
logfile "/var/mailbox/maildrop.log"
to "$HOME$DEFAULT"
#chmod a+r /etc/maildroprc # 更改 maildroprc 的權限
#vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf # 再次配置 Postfix 檢察下面兩組設定再配置 master.cf
virtual_transport = maildrop
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
#vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -w 90 -d ${recipient}
#cd /usr/ports/security/sudo # 因為 maildrop 没有建立 maildir 的功能,所以要透過 maildirmake.sh 這支 shell script 來運作(如果你的系统没有裝 sudo,請先安裝 sudo)
#make install
#vi /usr/local/etc/sudoers
vmail ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/maildirmake.sh
#vi /usr/sbin/maildirmake.sh # 建立新的 /usr/sbin/maildirmake.sh 文件
#!/usr/local/bin/bash
set -e
if [ ! -d /var/mailbox/$1 ]
then
mkdir /var/mailbox/$1
fi
chown -R vmail:vmail /var/mailbox/$1
cd "/var/mailbox/$1"
/usr/local/bin/maildirmake $2
chown -R 5001:postfix /var/mailbox/$1/$2
chmod -R g=s /var/mailbox/$1/$2
#chmod 755 /usr/sbin/maildirmake.sh
#vi /var/www/postfixadmin/admin/create-mailbox.php # 更改 create-mailbox.php 文件,在此文件的第 200 行後加入下面這一行:
system("sudo /usr/sbin/maildirmake.sh $fDomain ".$_POST['fUsername']);
#vi /var/www/postfixadmin/create-mailbox.php # 同樣也必須要更改 postfixadmin 目錄下的這一份 create-mailbox.php 文件,於 210 行後加入下面這行,其作用為讓網域管理員也可新增使用者。
system("sudo /usr/sbin/maildirmake.sh $fDomain ".$_POST['fUsername']);
#/usr/local/sbin/authdaemond start # 手動啟動 authdaemond
#ps -ax |grep authdaemond # 確認 authdaemond 有 up
55665 p0 S 0:00.03 /usr/local/libexec/courier-authlib/authdaemond
55666 p0 S 0:00.00 /usr/local/libexec/courier-authlib/authdaemond
、
#/usr/local/libexec/courier-imap/imapd.rc start # 手動啟動 imap 服務
#/usr/local/libexec/courier-imap/pop3d.rc start # 手動啟動 pop3 服務
#netstat -na |grep LISTEN # 確認 110 跟 143 port 有 up
tcp4 0 0 *.110 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 *.143 *.* LISTEN
Setp 6.
初步完成測試驗收 Postfixadmin + Postfix + MySQL
※ 其實安裝到這個階段我們的 Virtual Mail 已經大至完成可正常收發信,只缺松鼠WebMail 尚未加裝,因此我們可透過 telnet 及 Browse 來驗收成果。
# 查看 Postfixadmin 在我們安裝的 php 環境有無 ok
Postfix Admin Setup Checker 1.0.0
Running software:
- PHP version 4.4.0
- Apache/2.0.54 (FreeBSD) PHP/4.4.0
Checking for dependencies:
- Magic Quotes: ON
- Depends on: presence config.inc.php - OK
- Depends on: MySQL 3.23, 4.0 - OK
- Depends on: session - OK
- Depends on: pcre - OK
#cd /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/
#mv setup.php setup_backup.php # 將 setup.php 刪除或改名稱
# 預設帳號密碼為 admin /admin,進入後即可建立新網域及帳號來測試,小弟建了 ms2.ntut.idv.tw 網域及 jim@ms2.ntut.idv.tw 帳號
#telnet 127.0.0.1 25 # 測試 25 port 看看 postfix 運行有無正常
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.ntut.idv.tw.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 vm.ntut.idv.tw ESMTP "Version not Available"
mail from:jim@ntut.idv.tw
250 Ok
rcpt to:jim@ms2.ntut.idv.tw
250 Ok
data
354 End data with .
Subject:test
1234
.
250 Ok: queued as 4ED91C5124
quit
221 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
#telnet 127.0.0.1 110 # 測試 110 port 看看 pop3 有無正常運作
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.ntut.idv.tw.
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Hello there.
user jim@ms2.ntut.idv.tw
+OK Password required.
pass xxxxx
+OK logged in.
list
+OK POP3 clients that break here, they violate STD53.
.
quit
+OK Bye-bye.
Connection closed by foreign host.
※ 檢查 MySQL 資料庫內容,可讓自己更加了解整體 Virtual Mail 資料架構型態。
#mysql -u root -p # 查看 MySQL 資料庫
Enter password: xxxxx
mysql>SHOW DATABASES; # 查看 MySQL 有那些資料庫
+ ---------- +
| Database |
+ ---------- +
| mysql |
| postfix |
| test |
+ ---------- +
mysql>USE mysql; # 進入 mysql 資料庫
Database changed
mysql>SHOW TABLES; # 查看 mysql 這個資料庫裡有多少個資料表
+ ----------------- +
| Tables_in_mysql |
+ ----------------- +
| columns_priv |
| db |
| func |
| host |
| tables_priv |
| user |
+ ----------------- +
mysql>DESC db; # 可查看 db 資料表型態
mysql>SELECT * FROM db; # 可查看 db 資料表內所插入的所有內容
mysql>SELECT * FROM user; # 可查看 user 資料表內所插入的所有內容
mysql>USE postfix; # 切換到 postfix 資料庫
Database changed
mysql>SHOW TABLES; # 查看 postfix 資料庫中的所有資料表
+ ------------------- +
| Tables_in_postfix |
+ ------------------- +
| admin |
| alias |
| domain |
| domain_admins |
| log |
| mailbox |
| vacation |
+ ------------------- +
mysql>SELECT * FROM domain; # 查看 domain 資料表內的資料
Setp 7.
再加裝 Squirrelmail 之 WebMail
#cd /usr/ports/mail/squirrelmail/ # 安裝松鼠 webmail 的主程式,外掛程式需獨立抓取套件安裝
#make install
Options for php4-mbstring 4.4.0
[X] REGEX Enable multibyte regex support
#vi /usr/local/etc/php.ini # 修改 php.ini
file_uploads = On
session.auto_start = 1
#vi /usr/local/etc/apache2/Includes/mine.conf # 再加入 squirrelmail 的路徑到 apache 網頁目錄
Alias /squirrelmail/ "/usr/local/www/squirrelmail/"
squirrelmail">
Options Indexes
AllowOverride AuthConfig
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
#apachectl restart # 重新啟動 apache
#chown -R vmail:vmail /var/spool/squirrelmail # 因為 apache 的 User Group 都改 vmail 所以 /var/spool/squirrelmail 也必須跟進
#cd /usr/local/www/squirrelmail # 修改 configure 設定值
#./configure
選 10. Languages
1. Default Language : 的 en_US 改成 zh_TW。
2. Default Charset : 改成 big5
Command >> Q
You have not saved your data.
Save? [Y/n]: Y
#vi /usr/local/www/squirrelmail/config/config.php # 再次手動修改 config.php 檔,調整到最符合你的需求我只修改 $domain
$domain = 'vm.ntut.idv.tw';
※ Plugins
至官網的 Plugins 頁面 中抓取三個 plugin 套件,Plugins 安裝套件路徑如下:我將它們放入 Virtual Mail Server 中的 /home/jim 個人目錄下
Visual Additions > Quota Usage > Download 1.3 > quota_usage-1.3-1.2.7.tar.gz
Change password > Change MySQL Password > Download 2.7-1.4.x > change_mysqlpass-3.2-1.2.8.tar.gz
Miscellaneous >Compatibility > Download 2.0.1 > compatibility-2.0.1.tar.gz
#tar -xzvf quota_usage-1.3-1.2.7.tar.gz -C /usr/local/www/squirrelmail/plugins/ # 開始安裝 Quota Usage
#cd /usr/local/www/squirrelmail/plugins/quota_usage # 配置 Quota Usage
#cp config.php.sample config.php
#tar -xzvf compatibility-1.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local/www/squirrelmail/plugins/
#tar -xzvf change_mysqlpass-3.2-1.2.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local/www/squirrelmail/plugins/
#cd /usr/local/www/squirrelmail/plugins/change_mysqlpass
#cp config.php.sample config.php
#vi config.php # 配置 change_mypass 修改如下
$mysql_database = 'postfix';
$mysql_table = 'mailbox';
$mysql_userid_field = 'username';
$mysql_password_field ='password';
$mysql_manager_id = 'postfix';
$mysql_manager_pw = 'postfix';
$mysql_unixcrypt = 0;
//$mysql_MD5crypt = 1; # 如果你的密碼是 MD5 加密的,就把$mysql_MD5crypt = 0;改成$mysql_MD5crypt = 1;
$mysql_MD5crypt = 0;
$use_ssl_for_password_change = 0;
#cd /usr/local/www/squirrelmail
#./configure # 啟動 plugins 套件
選擇 8. Plugins > 再挑選我們剛剛所添加的三個套件即可
安裝參考資料:
To Add:
1‧裝了 change_mysqlpass plugin 套件後, login 到松鼠 WebMail 後出現錯誤,這是由於數據結構不一至所造成的,只要將 /usr/local/www/squirrelmail/plugins/change_mysqlpass/functions.php 的第 129 行 \\註解掉就行了。
Warning: mysql_result(): supplied argument is not a valid MySQL result resource in /usr/local/www/squirrelmail/plugins/change_mysqlpass/functions.php on line 129
2‧修改 Squirrelmail 中的 Quota Usage 容量方式有兩種:
方式 (一)、用瀏覽器登入 Postfixadmin 的管理頁面,虛擬用戶清單 (限制 (MB)) 10M 修改為:200M
※ 注意:網域名稱清單 =>最大容量限制 (MB) 必須要大於 虛擬用戶清單 => 限制 (MB) 才可修改 虛擬用戶清單 的容量限制
如:網域名稱清單 (最大容量限制 300 (MB)) > 虛擬用戶清單 (限制 200 (MB))
方式 (二)、也可手動調整 Console 進去 server 的 mysql 資料表修改
#mysql -uroot -p
mysql>use postfix;
mysql>update mailbox set quota='204800000S' where username='jim@ms2.ntut.idv.tw';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> select username,quota from mailbox;
+ --------------------- + ----------- +
| username | quota |
+ --------------------- + ----------- +
| jim@ms2.ntut.idv.tw | 204800000 |
| jim@smtp.4wei.us | 10240000 |
+ --------------------- + ----------- +
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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