oracle rman备份命令

RMAN简单使用
目标机A:
create tablespace RMAN datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/FILENAME.DBF' size 20M;

RMAN简单使用
目标机A:
create tablespace RMAN datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/FILENAME.DBF' size 20M;
create username RMAN identified by RMAN default tablespace rman temporary tablespace temp quota unlimited on RMAN;

grant recovery_catalog_owner to rman ;

rman catalog rman/rman
create catalog tablespace 'RMAN';

Rman主机B:
rman target /
connect catalog
注册数据库
register database;

注销数据库
sqlplus rman/rman
select * from db;
EXECUTE dbms_rcvcat.unregisterdatabase(db_key, db_id);

///////////非归档模式使用RMAN备份///////////////////////
备份目标数据库:
rman target /
connect catalog

定义通道
allocate channel c1 type disk;
撤消通道
release channel c1;

备份整个数据库
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup full tag full_db_backup
format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_db/db_%d' database
include current controlfile;
release channel c1;
}

备份表空间
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup tag tbs_users_read_only
format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_tab/block_t%t_s%s' (tablespace "BLOCK");
release channel c1;
}

run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup tablespace "BLOCK" filesperset 3 format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_tab/aatst_%d%t%s.%p'
include current controlfile;
release channel c1;
}

备份单独数据文件
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_tab/%d_%u'
(datafile '/export/home/oracle/oradata/ECOM/block01.dbf');
release channel c1;
}

复制目标数据库数据文件:
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy datafile '/export/home/oracle/oradata/ECOM/block02.dbf' to '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_tab/block02.dbf' tag=u1215;
release channel c1;
}

备份控制文件:
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_cont/cf_t%t_s%s_p%p'
tag cf_monday_night (current controlfile);
release channel c1;
}

run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup current controlfile format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_tab/%d%t%s.ctl';
}

run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_tab/%d%t%s.ctl';
}

/////////////////////归档模式使用RMAN备份//////////////////////
归档日志备份:
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_log/log_t%t_s%s_p%p'
(archivelog all);
release channel c1;
}

下面的脚本归档日志从# 90 to 100：
run {
allocate channel c1 typye disk;
backup format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_log/log_t%t_s%s_p%p'
(archivelog from logseq=90 until logseq=100 thread 1);
release channel c1;
}

下面的脚本备份在24小时内产生的归档日志，在备份完成后会自动删除归档日志。如果备份失败，归档日志不会被删除。
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_log/log_t%t_s%s_p%p'
(archivelog from time 'sysdate-1' all delete input);
release channel c1;
}

run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup archivelog low logseq 1143 high logseq 1147 thread 1 format 'aaarc%t.%s';
}

使用下面的命令显示恢复目录中的归档日志
list backupset of archivelog all;

备份联机日志
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
sql "alter system archive log current";
backup format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_log/onlog_t%t_s%s_p%p'
(archivelog from time 'sysdate-1' all delete input);
release channel c1;
}

备份spfile
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup spfile tag 'ECOM_spfile' format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_conf/spfile_%t.ora';
release channel c1;
}

清除联机日志备份
delete copy;

/* 如果物理文件被删除，用CROSSCHECK修复 */
crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt obsolete;

列出对应物
list incarnation;

概述可用的备份
list backup summary;

按备份类型列出备份
list backup by file;

列出详细备份
list backup;

列出过期备份
list expired backup;

列出表空间和数据文件备份
list backup of tablespace ;
list backup of datafile;

列出归档日志备份
list archivelog all;
list backup of archivelog all;

列出控制文件和服务器参数文件
list backup of controfile;
list backup of spfile;

检查备份
crosscheck backup;
crosscheck backup of database;
crosscheck backup of tablespace system;
crosscheck backup of controlfile;
crosscheck backup of spfile;

删除备份
allocate channel for delete type disk;
change backupset BS Key delete;
delete obsolete; 删除陈旧备份
delete expired backup;
delete backupset id;
delete backup; -- 删除所有备份

改变备份集的状态
change backupset id unavailable; -- available

改为长期备份
change backupset id keep forever logs;
change backupset id keep until time 'sysdate+60' logs;
change backupset id nokeep;

报告丢弃的备份
report obsolete;
删除丢弃状态的备份
delete obsolete;

RMAN的crosscheck 命令
　　
　　1 备份集有两种状态A(Available,RMAN认为该项存在于备份介质上)X(Expired，备份存在于控制文件或恢复目录中，但是并没有物理存在于备份介质上）
　　　
　　2 crosscheck 的目的是检查RMAN 的目录以及物理文件，如果物理文件不存在于介质上，将标记为Expired。如果物理文件存在，将维持Available。如果原先标记为Expired的备份集再次存在于备份介质上（如恢复了损坏的磁盘驱动器后），crosscheck将把状态重新从Expired标记回Available。
　　
　　3 crosscheck 输出分两部分。第一部分列出确定存在于备份介质上的所有备份集片，第二部分列出不存在于备份介质上的备份集片，并将其标记为Expired。当设置备份保存策略后，一个备份过期，crosscheck之后标记为丢弃的备份状态依旧为availabel,要删除丢弃备份delete obsolete。
　　4 示例：
　　　crosscheck backup
　　　crosscheck backup of datafile 1;
　　　crosscheck backup of tablespace users;
　　　crosscheck backup of controfile;
　　　crosscheck backup of controlfile;
　　　crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';
　　　crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'
　　　crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '
　　　crosscheck backup device type sbt;
　　　crosscheck archivelog all;
　　　crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'
　　　crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;
　　　crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;

概述可用的备份
list backup summary;
得到了备份集得主键ID如40
validate backupset 40;

命令删除备份集
change backupset ID1,ID2,ID3 delete;
change backuppiece ID1 delete;
change archivelog until logseq=ID1 delete;

要查看标记为丢弃的备份
report obsolete;
只有使用
delete obsolete才真正物理删除。

手工同步恢复目录
resync catalog;

--查看RMAN的信息
list backup
--列出过期备份
report obsolete;
--删除过期的备份
allocate channel for maintenance type disk;
--allocate channel for delete type disk;
change datafilecopy 44 delete;
release channel;
--如果目标数据库物理对象发生了变化，如添加了一个数据文件，需要用如下命令同步
resync catalog;
--如果目标数据库reset了数据库，需要用如下命令同步
reset database;
--当手工删除了数据库的归档文件后，要执行以下脚本同步
allocate channel for maintenance type disk;
--allocate channel for delete type disk;
change archivelog all crosscheck;
release channel;
--当手工删除了数据库的RMAN备份后，要执行以下脚本来同步
allocate channel for maintenance type disk;
crosscheck backup;
delete expire backup;
release channel;

/////////////////增量备份//////////////
Level 0 是增量备份策略的基础
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 filesperset 4 format '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_db/sunday_level0_%t'
(database);
release channel c1;
}

==================Recovery 恢复==================
0.恢复控制文件(以前必须有过控制文件的备份)
startup nomount
rman target/
connect catalog rman/rman
(数据库在nomount的时候才能set DBID)
set DBID=3287725908

1.Datafile recovery 数据文件恢复
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
sql "alter tablespace TB_name offline immediate";
restore datafile 4;
recover datafile 4;
sql "alter tablespace TB_name online";
release channel c1;
}

2.Tablespace recovery 表空间恢复
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
sql "alter tablespace TB_name offline immediate";
restore tablespace TB_name;
recover tablespace TB_name;
sql "alter tablespace TB_name online";
release channel c1;
}

如果还原系统表空间文件，数据库必须关闭，因为系统表空间不可以脱机

=======完全还原（丢失联机日志）并且前滚 - 数据库关闭=======
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
set until logseq=105 thread=1;
restore controlfile to '/export/home/oracle/oradata/ECOM/control01.ctl'
replicate controlfile from '/export/home/oracle/oradata/bak_cont/ctrltargdb.ctl' ;
restore database;
sql "alter database mount";
recover database;
sql "alter database open resetlogs";
release channel c1;
}
'set until' 命令指明恢复到指定的日志文件。这一点在数据文件恢复时很重要，否则RMAN将试图恢复最近的数据文件，该数据文件可能在指定的日志以前。
'replicate controlfile' 复制还原的控制文件到INIT.ORA指定的控制文件。
如果数据库使用WITH RESETLOGS打开，则需要使用RESET DATABASE命令注册改变后的数据库。在使用RESETLOGS命令打开数据库后强烈建议做一个完全的数据库备份。

还原数据文件的子集，完全恢复
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
sql "alter database mount";
restore datafile 2;
restore datafile 3;
restore archivelog all;
recover database;
sql "alter database open";
release channel c1;
}

恢复表空间
startup mount

rman target /
run { allocate channel c1 type disk ; restore tablespace 'TB_NAME';recover tablespace 'TB_NAME';}
或者
run { allocate channel c1 type disk ; restore database ;recover database ;}

sqlplus /nolog
alter database open;

脚本
create script alloc_disk {
Allocates one disk
allocate channel c1 type disk;
setlimit channel c1 kbytes 2097150 maxopenfiles 32 readrate 200;
}

replace script rel_disk {
releases disk
release channel c1;
}

replace script backup_db_full {
execute script alloc_disk;
backup
.....
execute script rel_disk;
}
前两个脚本分别用来分配和回收通道。
alloc_disk 脚本还额外指定了备份片的最大兆字节数，备份时可以同时打开的输入文件的最大数目，以及每秒钟读每个输入文件的数据缓冲区的最大数目。
第三个脚本调用先前存储的两个脚本进行数据库备份。

运行存储脚本的示范：
run {
execute script backup_db_full;
}

查看备份及复制的信息
list backup;
list copy;

在备份是设置相关参数
format --文件输出格式，
%d--database name, (SID)
%t--tablespace name,
%s--backup sets sequence number,
%p--backup pieces sequence number

脚本
create script alloc_disk {
Allocates one disk
allocate channel c1 type disk;
setlimit channel c1 kbytes 2097150 maxopenfiles 32 readrate 200;
}

replace script rel_disk {
releases disk
release channel c1;
}

replace script backup_db_full {
execute script alloc_disk;
backup
.....
execute script rel_disk;
}
前两个脚本分别用来分配和回收通道。
alloc_disk 脚本还额外指定了备份片的最大兆字节数，备份时可以同时打开的输入文件的最大数目，以及每秒钟读每个输入文件的数据缓冲区的最大数目。
第三个脚本调用先前存储的两个脚本进行数据库备份。

运行存储脚本的示范：
run {
execute script backup_db_full;
}