MRTG 系列连载-2 : Unix Guide

mrtg-unix-guide

 

MRTG comes to you in Source Code. This means that you have to compile parts of it before you can use it on a Unix machine. These instructions help you to do so.

 

# 注释 ：MRTG 是以源代码方式发布的，这就意味着必须进行编译

 

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In order to compile and use mrtg you need a C compiler and a copy of perl installed on your machine. In most cases this will already be available. In case it is not, here are some starting points. Below I'll give you a detailed run through the whole compilation process.

The GNU C compiler comes preinstalled on most of the free Unicies out there. For commercial derivatives you may have to download and compile it first. If you have no compiler at all there is a chicken and egg problem, but there are also precompiled versions of gcc available for most operating systems.

 

Large parts of the MRTG system are written in the Perl scripting language. Make sure there is a recent copy of perl on your machine (try perl -v). At least version 5.005 is required for mrtg to work well. You can get the latest perl from

 

 

MRTG generates traffic graphs in the PNG format. To be able to do this it needs several 3rd party libraries. When compiling these libraries I urge you to make sure you compile them as static libraries. There is just much less trouble ahead if you are doing it like this. See the Instructions in the next section for inspiration. Note that many free unices have all the required libraries already in place so there is no need to install another copy. To check it is best to skip all the library instructions below and go straight into the mrtg compile.

If the first attempt fails and you do not get a working version of mrtg, try compiling new copies of all libraries as explained below. Do this BEFORE you send email to me about problems compiling mrtg.

 

This is a basic graph drawing library created by Thomas Boutell. Note that all releases after Version 1.3 only create PNG images. This is because a) Thomas got into trouble because the GIF format which it used to produce uses a compression technology patented by Unisys. b) PNG is more efficient and patent free. MRTG can work with old and new version of the GD library. You can get a recent copy of GD from:

 

Is required by gd in order to produce PNG graphics files. Get it from:

 

Is needed by libpng to compress the graphics files you create. Get a copy from

 

 

And last but not least you also need mrtg itself. In case you have not yet downloaded it, you can find a copy on my website:

 

 

 

In this section I will give you step by step instructions on how to compile the various libraries required for the compilation of mrtg. Note that these libaries may already be installed if you have a *BSD or Linux system so you can skip recompiling them. The wget program used below is a simple web downloader. You can also enter the address into your netscape if you don't have wget available.

First let's create a directory for the compilation. Note that this may already exist on your system. No problem, just use it.

 

mkdir -p /usr/local/src

cd /usr/local/src

 

If you do not have zlib installed:

 

wget

gunzip -c zlib-*.tar.gz | tar xf -

rm zlib-*.tar.gz

mv zlib-* zlib

cd zlib

./configure

make

cd ..

 

If you don't have libpng installed

 

wget

gunzip -c libpng-*.tar.gz |tar xf -

rm libpng-*.tar.gz

mv libpng-* libpng

cd libpng

make -f scripts/makefile.std CC=gcc ZLIBLIB=../zlib ZLIBINC=../zlib

rm *.so.* *.so

cd ..

 

And now you can compile gd

 

For versions up to 1.8.4, try:

wget

gunzip -c gd-*.tar.gz |tar xf -

rm gd-*.tar.gz

mv gd-* gd

cd gd

 

The \ characters at the end of the following lines mean that all the following material should actually be written on a single line.

 

 perl -i~ -p -e s/gd_jpeg.o//g Makefile           

make INCLUDEDIRS="-I. -I../zlib -I../libpng" \

     LIBDIRS="-L../zlib -L. -L../libpng" \

     LIBS="-lgd -lpng -lz -lm" \

     CFLAGS="-O -DHAVE_LIBPNG"

cd ..

 

For version starting around 2.0.11, try:

 

wget

gunzip -c gd-2.0.11.tar.gz |tar xf -

mv gd-2.0.11 gd

cd gd

env CPPFLAGS="-I../zlib -I../libpng" LDFLAGS="-L../zlib -L../libpng" ./configure --disable-shared \

    --without-freetype --without-jpeg

make

cp .libs/* .

 

 

Ok, now everything is ready for the mrtg compilation.

 

cd /usr/local/src

gunzip -c mrtg-2.14.6.tar.gz | tar xvf -

cd mrtg-2.14.6

 

If all the libraries have been preinstalled on your system you can configure mrtg by doing a simple:

 

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mrtg-2

 

Otherwise you may have to give some hints on where to find the various libraries required to compile mrtg:

 

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mrtg-2       \

            --with-gd=/usr/local/src/gd      \

            --with-z=/usr/local/src/zlib     \

            --with-png=/usr/local/src/libpng

 

If you have RRDtool available you might want to tell mrtg about it so that you can opt to use rrdtool with mrtg. Check .

Configure will make sure your environment is fit for building mrtg. If it finds a problem, it will tell you so and it will also tell you what to do about it. If everything is OK, you will end up with a custom Makefile for your system. Now type:

 

make

 

This builds the rateup binary and edits all the perl pathnames in the scripts. You can now install mrtg by typing

 

make install   (requires gnu install)

 

All the software required by MRTG is now installed under the /usr/local/mrtg-2 subdirectory.

You can now safely delete the libraries we compiled above. Then again, you might want to keep them around so that you have them available when compiling the next version of mrtg.

 

 

The next step is to configure mrtg for monitoring a network device. This is done by creating an mrtg.cfg file which defines what you want to monitor. Luckily, you don't have to dive straight in and start writing your own configuration file all by yourself. Together with mrtg you also got a copy of cfgmaker. This is a script you can point at a router of your choice; it will create a mrtg configuration file for you. You can find the script in the bin subdirectory.

 

cfgmaker --global 'WorkDir: /home/httpd/mrtg'  \

         --global 'Options[_]: bits,growright' \

         --output /home/mrtg/cfg/mrtg.cfg    \

         

 

This example above will create an mrtg config file in /home/mrtg/cfg assuming this is a directory visible on your webserver. You can read all about cfgmaker in . One area you might want to look at is the possibility of using --ifref=ip to prevent interface renumbering troubles from catching you.

If you want to start rolling your own mrtg configuration files, make sure you read to learn all about the possible configuration options.

 

 

Once you have created a configuration file, try the following:

 

/usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/mrtg /home/mrtg/cfg/mrtg.cfg

 

This will query your router and also create your first mrtg trafic graphs and webpages. When you run mrtg for the first time there will be a lot of complaints about missing log files. Don't worry, this is normal for the first 2 times you start mrtg. If it keeps complaining after this time you might want to look into the problem.

Starting mrtg by hand is not ideal in the long run. So when you are satisfied with the results you can automate the process of running mrtg in regular intervals (this means every 5 minutes by default).

You can either add mrtg to your crontab with a line like this:

 

0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * \

      /mrtg /mrtg.cfg \

               --logging /var/log/mrtg.log

 

or if you live in Linux Land the line may look like this if you are using crontab -e

 

*/5 * * * *  /mrtg /mrtg.cfg \

                      --logging /var/log/mrtg.log

 

or like this if you use /etc/crontab

 

*/5 * * * *  mrtg-user  /mrtg /mrtg.cfg \

                                --logging /var/log/mrtg.log

 

You can also run mrtg as a daemon process by adding the line

 

RunAsDaemon: Yes

 

to your mrtg configuration file and then creating a startup script in your system startup sequence. Unfortunately, adding startup scripts differs widely amongst different unix systems. The modern ones normally have a directory called /etc/init.d or /etc/rc.d/init.d where you put scripts which starts the process you want to run when the system boots. Further you must create a symbolic link in /etc/rc3.d or /etc/rc.d/rc?.d called S65mrtg (this is just a sample name ... it is just important that it starts with S followed by a two digit number). If you are not sure about this, make sure you consult the documentation of your system to make sure you get this right.

A minimal script to put into init.d might look like this:

 

#! /bin/sh

cd /usr/local/mrtg-2.14.6/bin && ./mrtg --user=mrtg-user \

      /home/httpd/mrtg/mrtg.cfg  --logging /var/log/mrtg.log

 

Note that this will only work with RunAsDaemon: Yes in your mrtg.cfg file.

 

 

Tobias Oetiker <>

Last Update: 09/06/06 by