【AS/400】Qshell之02：运行

我们可以用CL命令STRQSH或QSH来启动Qshell环境。STRQSH有一个参数叫CMD，缺省值是*none，意思是不执行任何Qshell命令。

当你运行STRQSH的时候，会发生什么事取决与下面三件事：

1. Qshell是运行在一个batch job下还是一个interactive job下。
2. 参数CMD是不是指定了一个Qshell命令。
3. Qshell是不是已经存在于interactive job下。

稍后我们会讨论。

在interactive job下运行Qshell

CMD参数中不写任何Qshell命令的执行STRQSH的时候就是启动了一个interactive job为Qshell。如图：

                                                      QSH Command Entry                                         
  $                    

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                          
===>___________________________________________________________________     ________________________________________________________________________

F3=Exit   F6=Print F9=Retrieve F12=Disconnect                                                                     
F13=Clear F17=Top  F18=Bottom  F21=CL command entry      

• 输出区

panel title下面就是输出区，Qshell session开始时输出区是空的除了Qshell提示符$。

在输出区会列出你输入的Qshell命令及相应结果。如图：

                                                        QSH Command Entry                                     
  $                                                                                                           
>pwd                                                                                                         
  /home/dds1873                                                                                               
  $                                                                                                           
>ls                                                                                                          
  a.out   hello.c hello.o                                                                                     
  $     

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                     
===>___________________________________________________________________     ________________________________________________________________________ 
F3=Exit   F6=Print F9=Retrieve F12=Disconnect                                                                 
F13=Clear F17=Top  F18=Bottom  F21=CL command entry                                                           

 

• 参数CMD

CMD参数可以输入5000个字符的Qshell命令。下面就是一个简单的例子：

STRQSH CMD('ls *.out')

这种情况，Qshell不会打开一个session的，直接执行了ls命令并结束，如图：

  a.out                                                                       
  Press ENTER to end terminal session.                       

 

 

                

===>___________________________________________________________________     ________________________________________________________________________  
                                                                        
F3=Exit F4=End of File F6=Print F9=Retrieve F17=Top                           
F18=Bottom  F19=Left   F20=Right F21=User Window                              

 

在batch job下运行Qshell

我们可以有限制的运行Qshell在batch job下。如：

• 没有输入请求
• 如果想把你执行的命令结果输出的时候

下面就是一个运行Qshell命令在batch模式下的例子：

SBMJOB CMD(QSH CMD('ls *.out')) JOB(LISTFILE)

如果Qshell的CMD参数为*none，Qshell将不做任何动作并且job结束。

重定位Qshell输出

在V5R2，我们可以使用环境变量QIBM_QSH_CMD_OUTPUT来控制Qshell的输出目的地：

环境变量QIBM_QSH_CMD_OUTPUT允许的值有：

1. NONE：丢掉输出
2. STDOUT (default)：直接指向c运行时终端session
3. FILE=name：输出到指定的IFS文件name中，如果存在将覆盖原有内容，IFS文件将保存在当前的directory中
4. FILEAPPEND=name：追加到文件name中

下面就是一个将输出输出到文件的例子：

ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(QIBM_QSH_CMD_OUTPUT) VALUE('FILE=lsout.txt')

STRQSH CMD('ls *.out')

进入Qshell，用pwd命令查看当前directory，用ls查看当前directory中的lsout.txt文件，用cat查看lsout.txt的内容。如图：

                                                        QSH Command Entry                                              
  $                                                                                                                    
> pwd                                                                                                                  
  /home/dds1873                                                                                                        
  $                                                                                                                    
> ls                                                                                                                   
  a.out           hello.c         hello.o         lsout.txt                                                            
  $                                                                                                                    
> cat lsout.txt                                                                                                        
  a.out                                                                                                                
  $      

 

 

                                                                                                             
===>___________________________________________________________________     ________________________________________________________________________                                                                                                            
F3=Exit   F6=Print F9=Retrieve F12=Disconnect                                                                          
F13=Clear F17=Top  F18=Bottom  F21=CL command entry                                                                    

 

当让也可以输出到数据文件中，但只能是程序描述的数据文件。例子如下：

ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(QIBM_QSH_CMD_OUTPUT) VALUE('FILE=/qsys.lib/ptrlib.lib/lsout.file/lsout.mbr')

CRTPF FILE(PTRLIB/LSOUT) RCDLEN(24)

STRQSH CMD('ls *.out')

用命令DSPPFM FILE(PTRLIB/LSOUT)  查看结果。

数据文件的每行数据的结尾是十六进制的25。

• 进程

在unix下，一个进程就是一个正在运行的程序。Qshell的解释器就是一个进程。每个utility不是内置的命令，所以他们运行在自己进程中。在Qshell下，每个进程运行在自己的job下，所以进程和job可以互换。

• 终端会话

终端会话看起来是一个interactive会话，但不完全是，是一组job。
当Qshell启动，OS/400会启动一个名为QZSHSH的batch-mmediate job来运行Qshell的解释器。此时，共有连个job，interactive job和batch-immediate job。如果要是执行了一个subshell或utility的话，Qshell会启动名为QP0ZSPWP的额外job如图：

                                                        QSH Command Entry                                                         
  $                                                                                                                               
> system "wrkusrjob"                                                                                                              
    5722SS1 V5R4M0 060210                   Work with User Jobs                                    10/10/11 20:43:25        Page  
   1                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                      System: RCHASA24            
    User . . . . . :  C210408            Status . . . . . . . :  *ALL             Job type . . . . . :  *ALL                      
                                                                                       -----Schedule-----                         
      Job Name     User         Number   Type      -----Status-----   Function         Date       Time                            
      QPADEV002G   C210408      391979   INTER     OUTQ                                                                           
      QPADEV002N   C210408      874543   INTER     ACTIVE             CMD-QSH                                                     
      QPADEV003R   C210408      438454   INTER     OUTQ                                                                           
      QP0ZSPWP     C210408      874873   BATCHI    ACTIVE             PGM-SYSTEM                                                  
      QZSHSH       C210408      874630   BATCHI    ACTIVE             PGM-QZSHSH                                                  
                             * * * * *  E N D  O F  L I S T I N G  * * * * *                                                      
                                                      RCHASA24                                                                    
  $    

 

                                                                                                                          

===>___________________________________________________________________     ________________________________________________________________________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
F3=Exit   F6=Print F9=Retrieve F12=Disconnect                                                                                     
F13=Clear F17=Top  F18=Bottom  F21=CL command entry                                                                               

 

可以用Qshell命令ps来显示进程的信息，如图：

                                                        QSH Command Entry                                               
    User . . . . . :  C210408            Status . . . . . . . :  *ALL             Job type . . . . . :  *ALL            
                                                                                       -----Schedule-----               
      Job Name     User         Number   Type      -----Status-----   Function         Date       Time                  
      QPADEV002G   C210408      391979   INTER     OUTQ                                                                 
      QPADEV002N   C210408      874543   INTER     ACTIVE             CMD-QSH                                           
      QPADEV003R   C210408      438454   INTER     OUTQ                                                                 
      QP0ZSPWP     C210408      874873   BATCHI    ACTIVE             PGM-SYSTEM                                        
      QZSHSH       C210408      874630   BATCHI    ACTIVE             PGM-QZSHSH                                        
                             * * * * *  E N D  O F  L I S T I N G  * * * * *                                            
                                                      RCHASA24                                                          
  $                                                                                                                     
> ps                                                                                                                    
       PID DEVICE       TIME FUNCTION       STATUS    JOBID                                                             
     37191 qpadev002n  00:00 cmd-qsh        dspa      874543/c210408/qpadev002n                                         
     37192 -           00:00 pgm-qzshsh     evtw      874630/c210408/qzshsh                                             
     37331 -           00:00 pgm-ps         run       889523/c210408/qp0zspwp                                           
  $  

                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                

===>___________________________________________________________________     ________________________________________________________________________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
F3=Exit   F6=Print F9=Retrieve F12=Disconnect                                                                                     
F13=Clear F17=Top  F18=Bottom  F21=CL command entry                                                                               

-----------------

OVER

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