语法标注解释

语法标注解释

[A] 指该形容词须直接置于所修饰的单词之后。

例 ：( 正 ) the president {elect}
( 误 ) the elect president
( 误 ) The president is elect.

[B] 指该形容词只能置于所修饰的单词之前。

例 ：( 正 ) the {front} garden
( 误 ) The garden is front.

[C] 可数名词。可以用a/an/one修饰，亦可加-(e)s构成复数，用few/many等修饰。

例 ：{a/one}cat {a}desire {an}apple
three book{s} few factori{es} many idea{s}

[E] 通常不加the的名词。

例 ：Whitehall
Santa Claus

[F] 指该形容词只用作或主要用作表语(predicative)，置于系动词之后。

例 ：( 正 ) John is {drunk}
( 误 ) John is a drunk man.

[G] 指后接单、复数动词均可的名词，如集合名词。

例 ：The Government {has} already made it clear.
The Government {are} facing three crises.
注：集合名词单数形后接动词，美式英语多用单数，英式英语则单、复数皆可。

[H] 指该动词常用被动语态。

例 ：Please be seated.

[J] 指只与单数动词或单数代词连用的名词(其形态可以是单数亦可是复数)。

例 ：Our clothing {protects} us from the cold.
Physics {is} an interesting subject and I like {it} very much.

[K] 指只与复数动词或复数代词连用的名词(其形态可以是复数亦可单数)。

例 ：What {are} his wages?
{These} jeans {are} pretty.
All his cattle {were} grazing in the field.

[L] 系动词(linking verb)。这类动词与后接的表语(predicative)一起表述主语的特征或状态。表语可以是形容词、名词、副词，或介词短语等。

1. 系动词＋形容词
例 ：These apples taste nice.
2. 系动词＋名词
例 ：The hall would make a good theater.
3. 系动词＋副词
例 ：What's on tonight?
4. 系动词＋介词短语
例 ：She looks like her sister.
5. 系动词＋不定式
例 ：He appears to be sincere.
6. 系动词＋动名词
例 ：The difficulty is not knowing what to do.
7. 系动词＋从句
例 ：The biggest problem was that we didn't have enough funds.

[M] 单复数同形。

例 ：This {sheep} looks small.
All those {sheep} are ours.

[O] 指该及物动词在宾语后尚须接副词或介词短语。

例 ：( 正 ) The porter set the suitcase {down}.
( 误 ) The porter set the suitcase.
( 正 ) She set the child {in the chair}.
( 误 ) She set the child.
[O1]指 ：动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
例 ：He gave me the book.
[O2]指 ：动词＋宾语＋有to的不定式
例 ：I asked him to help her.
[O3]指 ：动词＋宾语＋无to的不定式
例 ：We heard them talk in the next room.
[O4]指 ：动词＋宾语＋v-ing
例 ：I saw him walking across the street.
[O5]指 ：动词＋宾语＋that从句
例 ：He told me that the problem had been solved.
[O6]指 ：动词＋宾语＋wh-从句
例 ：They asked her why she was absent.
[O7]指 ：动词＋宾语＋过去分词
例 ：I'll have my car repaired.
[O8]指 ：动词＋宾语＋形容词
例 ：He considered her suitable for the job.
[O9]指 ：动词＋宾语＋名词
例 ：I considered it a great honor.

[P] 指该词只用复数形。

例 ：The proportion of students in {arts} is high.
[the P] 指该词只用复数形，须与the连用。
    例 ：{The authorities} in Russia have refused to compromise.
[P1] 指该词常用复数形。
    例 ：meat and {vegetables}

[Q] 指该不及物动词必须后接副词或介词短语。

例 ：( 正 ) Phil behaved {rather oddly}.
( 误 ) Phil behaved.
( 正 ) The mob behaved {like animals}.
( 误 ) The mob behaved.

[R] 指该形容词可与the一起构成名词。

例 ：{The poor} are getting poorer and poorer.
{The deceased} left almost nothing to his wife.
( 正 ) The mob behaved {like animals}.
( 误 ) The mob behaved.

[S] 指该词只用单数形，通常与不定冠词连用。

例 ：Pride comes before {a fall}.
[the S] 指该词只用单数形，通常与定冠词连用。
    例 ：{The action} takes place in a small town.
[S1] 指该词常用单数形。
    例 ：They put him in a very difficult {position}.

[U] 不可数名词。通常不与a/an/one连用，无复数，后接单数动词，用little/much等修饰。

例 ：{little} water {a lot of} salt {some} furniture
Air {is} a mixture of gases.

[W] 指该动词通常不用进行式。

例 ：( 正 ) He knows how to swim.
( 误 ) He is knowing how to swim.

[Y] 指该动词的宾语不可以是一个名词或代词，但可以是从句或其他短语。

例 ：Then, she added that she would call him again.

[Z] 指该形容词无比较级和最高级。

例 ：( 正 ) a {dead} man
( 误 ) a deader man
( 误 ) the deadest man

[+if-] 指该词可后接if引导的从句。

例 ：Do you mind if I smoke?

[+v-ing] 指该动词可以后接v-ing。

例 ：Don tried to avoid answering her questions.

[(+prep./ad.)] 指该词常后接由某介词引导的短语或某副词,圆括号表示也可不接。用于及物动词时,表示在宾语后可接该介词引导的短语或副词,但也可不接。

1. 动词
例 ：We are talking (about the plan).
I love wandering (about).
Will you add some wood (to the fire)?
We saw him off at the station.
2. 名词
例 ：They had a long talk (with them).
3. 形容词
例 ：She seemed tired (of his preaching).

[+that] 指该词可后接that从句。

[+(that)] 指该词可后接that从句，圆括号表示that可省略。

1. 动词
例 ：I think (that) he is wrong.
2. 名词
例 ：The reason (that) she didn't get the job was that her French was not good enough.
3. 形容词
例 ：I am afraid (that) Tony won't come.

[+to-v] 指该词可后接to-v。

1. 动词
例 ：Mary wants to see you.
2. 名词
例 ：The little girl has the ability to read and write.
3. 形容词
例 ：I was glad to hear it.

[+wh-] 指该词可后接what,why,when,where,who,whether,how等引导的从句或短语。

1. 动词
例 ：I wonder what really happened.
I don't know how to swim.
2. 名词
例 ：You have no idea how worried I was.
I had no idea what to say to him.
3. 形容词
例 ：I am not sure where she lives.
We wonder whether to go or not.