提要:
l There are no specific requirements
for this document.
正文:
l
什么是DIS(指定中间系统)
在广播多路访问网络上,必须有一台路由器被选举为DIS。没有备用DIS。DIS创建伪节点(PSN)并代表伪节点(PSN),包括DIS在内的LAN中的所有路由器都跟PSN建立毗邻关系,伪节点在LAN上形成的毗邻关系,可以减少泛洪扩散和数据库同步的数量。
DIS的任务:
⑴创建并更新伪节点LSP到所有广播网络的系统
⑵在LAN中泛洪LSP,并同步数据库
泛洪什么?->定期发送CSNP(默认10秒),CSNP包括以下信息:
·
LSP ID
· Sequence Number
· Checksum
· Remaining Lifetime
l
DIS(指定中间系统)怎么选举出来的?
1. 接口优先级高的路由成为DIS。
2.
如果接口优先级一样,比较SNPA(在LAN中,SNPA是mac地址,在FR网络中,SNPA是DLCI)
3. 如果SNPA还一样,system
ID高的成为DIS
DIS是可抢夺的,新的DIS将净化旧伪节点的LSP并泛洪新的LSP。
在DIS创建伪节点之前,DIS并不同步邻居数据库。创建DIS以后,它发送第一层及第二层的hello包(每3
秒)和CSNP(每10秒,包括它是所有LSP的一个汇总)
CSNP----用来告诉LAN上的其他路由器一台路由器数据库所有LSP
(类似于OSPF中的DBD)
PSNP----用来请求一个LSP和确认收到LSP(类似于OSPF中的LSArequest和LSAck)
如果路由器本身的LSP比DIS在CSNP中发布的版本旧,它就可能需要一个新的LSP;如果它丢失了一个CSNP中列举出来的LSP,同样需要新的LSP。当这些情况发生,路由器就会发送PSNP到DIS并接收返回的LSP。这种机制是双向的,即如果一台路由器发现它有新版本的LSP或者它有一个LSP,但这个LSP并没有在DIS发送的CSNP中没有列举出来,它就将这个更新的或者丢失的LSP发送给DIS。
l
伪节点LSP
伪节点LSP由DIS产生,DIS以度量值0通告伪节点LSP给LAN上所有邻居(包括DIS)
TOPO如下:
基本配置如下:
l R1
l R2
l R3
l
R5
R1基本配置
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1
255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.1
255.255.255.0
ip router isis
!
router isis
net
10.0010.0100.1001.00
passive-interface Loopback0
R2基本配置
interface
Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface
Ethernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
ip router isis
!
router isis
net 10.0020.0200.2002.00
passive-interface
Loopback0
R3基本配置
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3
255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.3
255.255.255.0
ip router isis
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address
35.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
ip router isis
!
router isis
net
10.0030.0300.3003.00
passive-interface Loopback0
R5基本配置
interface
Loopback0
ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1/0
ip
address 35.1.1.5 255.255.255.0
ip router isis
!
router isis
net
10.0050.0500.5005.00
passive-interface
Loopback0
测试⑴:
接口优先级默认都是64,比较mac地址,高的成为DIS ,R3成为DIS
r3#sho
arp
Protocol Address Age (min) Hardware Addr Type Interface
Internet
10.1.1.2 116 aabb.cc00.ed00 ARPA Ethernet0/0
Internet 10.1.1.3 -
aabb.cc00.ee00 ARPA Ethernet0/0
Internet 10.1.1.1 116 aabb.cc00.ec00 ARPA
Ethernet0/0
――――――――――――――――――――――――――
r3#sho clns is
System Id
Interface State Type Priority Circuit Id Format
r1 Et0/0 Up L1L2 64/64 r3.01
Phase V
r2 Et0/0 Up L1L2 64/64 r3.01 Phase V
r5 Se2/0 Up L1L2 0 /0 00
Phase V
查看R3数据库
r3# sho isis database
IS-IS Level-1 Link State
Database:
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL
r1.00-00
0x000001C6 0x300E 762 0/0/0
r2.00-00 0x00000010 0xFCCE 549 0/0/0
r3.00-00
* 0x00000014 0x1A85 1019 0/0/0
r3.01-00 * 0x0000000E 0x5138 786
0/0/0
r5.00-00 0x00000010 0x4BE9 1121 0/0/0
IS-IS Level-2 Link State
Database:
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL
r1.00-00
0x000001C7 0x5334 1107 0/0/0
r2.00-00 0x00000016 0xB260 635 0/0/0
r3.00-00
* 0x0000001A 0xF4C5 924 0/0/0
r3.01-00 * 0x0000000E 0x030F 1012
0/0/0
r5.00-00 0x00000013 0xB5E1 915
0/0/0
在LAN上面的所有路由器都发通告到LAN上面的伪节点,,伪节点利用伪节点LSP通告给LAN上的所有邻居
在R5上面查看R3的LSP,R3通告它直连网络和伪节点
r5#sho
isis database r3.00-00 de
IS-IS Level-1 LSP r3.00-00
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP
Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL
r3.00-00 0x00000014 0x1A85 748 0/0/0
Area
Address: 10
NLPID: 0xCC
Hostname: r3
IP Address: 3.3.3.3
Metric: 10
IP 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
Metric: 10 IP 35.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
――》直连网络
Metric: 0 IP 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0
Metric: 10 IS r3.01
――》伪节点
Metric: 10 IS r5.00
IS-IS Level-2 LSP r3.00-00
LSPID LSP Seq Num
LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL
r3.00-00 0x0000001A 0xF4C5 652
0/0/0
Area Address: 10
NLPID: 0xCC
Hostname: r3
IP Address:
3.3.3.3
Metric: 10 IS r3.01
Metric: 10 IS r5.00
Metric: 10 IP 1.1.1.0
255.255.255.0
Metric: 10 IP 35.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
Metric: 10 IP 2.2.2.0
255.255.255.0
Metric: 0 IP 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0
Metric: 10 IP 5.5.5.0
255.255.255.0
Metric: 10 IP 10.1.1.0
255.255.255.0
在R5上面查看伪节点的LSP,伪节点LSP以度量值为0通告它所有邻居。伪节点由DIS产生,这个例子中R3就是DIS,代表伪节点。
r5#sho
isis database r3.01-00 de
IS-IS Level-1 LSP r3.01-00
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP
Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL
r3.01-00 0x0000000F 0x4F39 883
0/0/0
Metric: 0 IS r3.00
Metric: 0 IS r1.00
Metric: 0 IS r2.00
IS-IS
Level-2 LSP r3.01-00
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime
ATT/P/OL
r3.01-00 0x0000000F 0x0110 1027 0/0/0
Metric: 0 IS
r3.00
Metric: 0 IS r1.00
Metric: 0 IS
r2.00
在这个case中,R5并不连接到LAN中,所有它不通告自己直连网络到伪节点,但是它通告自己的直连到直连的邻居,R3
r5#sho
isis database r5.00-00 de
IS-IS Level-1 LSP r5.00-00
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP
Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL
r5.00-00 * 0x00000011 0x49EA 899 0/0/0
Area
Address: 10
NLPID: 0xCC
Hostname: r5
IP Address: 5.5.5.5
Metric: 10
IP 35.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
Metric: 0 IP 5.5.5.0 255.255.255.0
Metric: 10 IS
r3.00
在R3查看CSNP,注意时间差(差不多10秒)
R3#debug isis snp-packets
*Apr 4
17:03:52.395: ISIS-Snp: Sending L1 CSNP on Ethernet0/0
r3#
*Apr 4
17:03:55.627: ISIS-Snp: Sending L2 CSNP on Ethernet0/0
r3#
*Apr 4
17:04:02.335: ISIS-Snp: Sending L1 CSNP on Ethernet0/0
*Apr 4 17:04:03.335:
ISIS-Snp: Sending L2 CSNP on Ethernet0/0
查看R2收到的CSNP
r2#debug isis
snp-packets
*Apr 4 17:05:52.791: ISIS-Snp: Rec L1 CSNP from 0030.0300.3003
(Ethernet0/0)
*Apr 4 17:05:52.791: ISIS-Snp: CSNP range 0000.0000.0000.00-00
to FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FF-FF
*Apr 4 17:05:52.791: ISIS-Snp: Same entry
0010.0100.1001.00-00, seq 1C8
*Apr 4 17:05:52.791: ISIS-Snp: Same entry
0020.0200.2002.00-00, seq 13
*Apr 4 17:05:52.791: ISIS-Snp: Same entry
0030.0300.3003.00-00, seq 16
*Apr 4 17:05:52.791: ISIS-Snp: Same entry
0030.0300.3003.01-00, seq 10
*Apr 4 17:05:52.791: ISIS-Snp: Same entry
0050.0500.5005.00-00, seq 12
r2#
*Apr 4 17:05:55.163: ISIS-Snp: Rec L2
CSNP from 0030.0300.3003 (Ethernet0/0)
*Apr 4 17:05:55.163: ISIS-Snp: CSNP
range 0000.0000.0000.00-00 to FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FF-FF
*Apr 4 17:05:55.163:
ISIS-Snp: Same entry 0010.0100.1001.00-00, seq 1C9
*Apr 4 17:05:55.163:
ISIS-Snp: Same entry 0020.0200.2002.00-00, seq 19
*Apr 4 17:05:55.163:
ISIS-Snp: Same entry 0030.0300.3003.00-00, seq 1C
*Apr 4 17:05:55.163:
ISIS-Snp: Same entry 0030.0300.3003.01-00, seq 10
*Apr 4 17:05:55.163:
ISIS-Snp: Same entry 0050.0500.5005.00-00, seq 15
原文地址:
http://xhjwl.blog.163.com/blog/static/7900165720116811296452/