一、系统安装
二、编译安装基本环境
三、配置虚拟主机及基本性能调优
四、基本安全设置
五、后述
一、
系统安装
1. 分区
/boot 100M左右
SWAP
物理内存的2倍(如果你的物理内存大于4G以上,分配4G即可)
/ 15G
/usr/local 20G (用于安装软件)
/data 剩余所有空间
2.
系统初始化脚本(根据具体需求关闭不需要的服务) #vim init.sh
-------------------cut
begin-------------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash
#disable
ipv6
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|
=== Welcome to Disable IPV6 === |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
echo
"alias net-pf-10 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
echo "alias ipv6
off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
/sbin/chkconfig --level 35 ip6tables
off
echo "ipv6 is disabled!"
#disable selinux
sed -i
'/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
echo "selinux
is disabled,you must reboot!"
#vim
sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/"
/root/.bashrc
echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
#tunoff services
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cat
<< EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|
=== Welcome to Tunoff services === |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for
i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
do
CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c
15-`
echo $CURSRV
case $CURSRV in
crond | irqbalance |
microcode_ctl | network | random | sshd | syslog | local | mysqld )
echo "Base services, Skip!"
;;
*)
echo
"change $CURSRV to off"
chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off
service $CURSRV stop
;;
esac
done
-------------------cut
end-------------------------------------------
#sh init.sh
(执行上面保存的脚本,仍后重启)
复制代码二、编译安装基本环境
1. 安装准备
1) 系统约定
软
件源代码包存放位置 /usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置(prefix) /usr
/local/software_name
脚本以及维护程序存放位置 /usr/local/sbin
MySQL
数据库位置 /data/mysql/data(可按情况设置)
Apache
网站根目录 /data/www/wwwroot(可按情况设置)
Apache
虚拟主机日志根目录 /data/www/logs(可按情况设置)
Apache
运行账户 www:www (useradd -d /data/www/;chown /data/www/wwwroot)
目录及www用户可用脚本建立 add_user.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/sbin/groupadd
www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data/www/wwwroot
chmod +w /data/www/wwwroot
chown www:www /data/www/wwwroot -R
2)
系统环境部署及调整
检查系统是否正常
# tail -n100
/var/log/messages (检查有无系统级错误信息)
# dmesg (检查硬件设备是否有错误信息)
# ifconfig(检查网卡设置是否正确)
# ping (检查网络是否正常)
3) 使用
yum 程序安装所需开发包(以下为标准的 RPM 包名称)
#rpm --import
#yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf
automake bzip2-devel
ncurses-devel zlib-devel libjpeg-devel
libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel libXpm-devel
gettext-devel
pam-devel libstdc
4) 定时校正服务器时钟,定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步
# crontab -e
加入一行:
15 3 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate
210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1
5)下载源码包
cd
/usr/local/src
vim list
2.
编译安装软件包
源码编译安装所需包(Source)
1) GD2
# cd
/usr/local/src
# tar xvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
# cd
gd-2.0.35
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
#
make
# make install
2) LibXML2
# cd
/usr/local/src
# tar xvf libxml2-2.6.29.tar.bz2
#
cd libxml2-2.6.29
# ./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
#
make install
3) LibMcrypt
# cd
/usr/local/src
# tar xvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
#
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
#
make install
4) Apache日志截断程序
# cd
/usr/local/src
# tar xvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
#
cd cronolog-1.6.2
# ./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
#
make install
5)编译安装mysql环境
1.下载软件编译安装
1)下载软件
#
cd /usr/local/src
httpd-2.2.8.tar.gz
mysql-5.0.51b.tar.gz
php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
2)
安装MySQL,安装及配置过程比较繁琐,用脚本install_mysql.sh简化其过程
# tar xvf
mysql-5.0.51b.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.51b
# vim
install_mysql.sh,内容如下:
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"
CFLAGS="-march=prescott
-O2 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/mysql"
\
"--localstatedir=/data/mysql/data" \
"--with-comment=Source"
\
"--with-server-suffix=-LinuxTone" \
"--with-mysqld-user=mysql"
\
"--without-debug" \
"--with-big-tables" \
"--with-charset=gbk"
\
"--with-collation=gbk_chinese_ci" \
"--with-extra-charsets=all"
\
"--with-pthread" \
"--enable-static" \
"--enable-thread-safe-client"
\
"--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static"
\
"--enable-assembler" \
"--without-isam" \
"--without-innodb"
\
"--without-ndb-debug"
make && make install
mkdir
-p /data/mysql/data
useradd mysql -d /data/mysql -s /sbin/nologin
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db
--user=mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R root:mysql .
chown
-R mysql /data/mysql/data
cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp
share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
start
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
for i in *; do ln -s
/usr/local/mysql/bin/$i /usr/bin/$i; done
PS:mysql5.1.30
初次启动会出现Starting MySQL.Manager of pid-file quit without updating
fi[FAILED]的报错,需要注释/etc/my.cnf
里的skip-federated注释掉即#skip-federated
就OK了!
6)编译安装apache
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xvf
httpd-2.2.14.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.2.14
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2"
\
"--with-included-apr" \
"--enable-so" \
"--enable-deflate=shared"
\
"--enable-expires=shared" \
"--enable-rewrite=shared"
\
"--enable-static-support" \
"--disable-userdir"
make
make
install
echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ' >>
/etc/rc.local
7)编译安装PHP
# cd /usr/local/src
#
tar xjvf php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.6./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/php" \
"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" \
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" \
"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" \
"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" \
"--with-jpeg-dir" \
"--with-png-dir" \
"--with-bz2" \
"--with-freetype-dir" \
"--with-iconv-dir"
\
"--with-zlib-dir " \
"--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt"
\
"--enable-soap" \
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" \
"--enable-ftp" \
"--enable-mbstring" \
"--enable-exif" \
"--disable-ipv6" \
"--disable-cgi" \
"--disable-cli"
#禁掉ipv6,禁掉cli模式,提升速度和安全性.请根据具体需求定制相关的编译数.
make
make install
mkdir
/usr/local/php/etc
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
8)Xcache
的安装.
#tar xvf xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure
--enable-xcache --enable-xcache-coverager
--with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config \
--enable-inline-optimization
--disable-debug
复制代码#vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
(将以下内容加入
php.ini最后面)-------------------cut
begin-------------------------------------------
[xcache-common]
zend_extension =
/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so
[xcache.admin]
xcache.admin.user
= "admin"
;如何生成md5密码: echo -n "password"| md5sum
xcache.admin.pass
= "035d849226a8a10be1a5e0fec1f0f3ce" #密码为52netseek
[xcache]
;
Change xcache.size to tune the size of the opcode cache
xcache.size
= 24M
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.count = 4
xcache.slots =
8K
xcache.ttl = 0
xcache.gc_interval = 0
; Change
xcache.var_size to adjust the size of variable cache
xcache.var_size
= 8M
xcache.var_count = 1
xcache.var_slots = 8K
xcache.var_ttl =
0
xcache.var_maxttl = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
xcache.test
= Off
xcache.readonly_protection = On
xcache.mmap_path =
"/tmp/xcache"
xcache.coredump_directory = ""
xcache.cacher
= On
xcache.stat = On
xcache.optimizer = Off
[xcache.coverager]
xcache.coverager =
On
xcache.coveragedump_directory = ""
-------------------cut
end---------------------------------------------
9) 安装Zend
Optimizer
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf
ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
#
./ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386/install.sh
安装Zend
Optimizer过程的最后不要选择重启Apache。
10) 整合Apache与PHP及系统初化配置.
1)整合Apache与PHP
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到:
AddType
application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在该行下面添加
AddType
application/x-httpd-php .php
找到:
DirectoryIndex index.html
将该行改为
DirectoryIndex
index.html index.htm index.php
找到:
#Include
conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include
conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf (虚拟主机配置文件存放目录.)
#Include
conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的“#”号,取消注释。
注意:以上 4
个扩展配置文件中的设置请按照相关原则进行合理配置!
修改完成后保存退出。
#
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
11)查看确认L.A.M.P环境信息、提升
PHP 安全性
在网站根目录放置 info.php 脚本,检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。
phpinfo();
?>
确认 PHP 能够正常工作后,在 php.ini 中进行设置提升 PHP 安全性,禁掉危险的函数.
# vi /etc/php.ini找到:disable_functions =设置为:
phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open
,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,
symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
※
脚本自动完成初始化配置(以上配置可以用脚本自动化完成)
#cat init_apache_php.sh
#!/bin/bash
#init_httpd.conf
http_cf="/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf"
sed
-i -e "s/User daemon/User www/" -i -e "s/Group daemon/Group www/"
$http_cf
sed -i -e '121 s/^/#/' -i -e '122 s/^/#/' $http_cf
sed -i
's#DirectoryIndex index.html# DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
index.htm#/g' $http_cf
sed -i -e '374 s/^#//g' -i -e '389 s/^#//g' -i
-e '392 s/^#//g' -i -e '401 s/^#//g' $http_cf
#init_php(PHP安全设置及隐藏
PHP版本)
php_cf="/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini"
sed -i '205
s#;open_basedir =#open_basedir = /data/www/wwwroot:/tmp#g' $php_cf
sed
-i '210 s#disable_functions =#disable_functions =
phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,
proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,
symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server#g'
$php_cf
sed -i '/expose_php/s/On/Off/' $php_cf
sed -i
'/display_errors/s/On/Off/' $php_cf
三、配置虚拟主机及基本性能调优
1)
配置虚拟主机:
#vi
/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.confNameVirtualHost *:80
ServerAdmin
cnseek@gmail.com
DocumentRoot "/data/www/wwwroot/linuxtone.org"
ServerName
ServerAlias
bbs.linxutone.org
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog
"|/usr/sbin/cronolog /data/logs/access_"
combined
2)Apache基本性能调优:
#vim
/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
Timeout 15
KeepAlive
Off
MaxKeepAliveRequests 50
KeepAliveTimeout 5
UseCanonicalName
Off
AccessFileName .htaccess
ServerTokens Prod
ServerSignature
Off
HostnameLookups Off
#vim
/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
ServerLimit
2000
StartServers 10
MinSpareServers 10
MaxSpareServers 15
MaxClients 2000
MaxRequestsPerChild
10000
四、基本安全设置
1)iptables最好写成脚本形式,想开哪个端口开哪个,想关哪个关哪
个,iptables服务都可关闭;写iptables注意配合下crontab
,即让crontab每5分钟关闭一次,如果自己的SSH被iptables停掉了话很麻烦,毕竟公司离机房还是很远的。
2)不定期扫描,发现可
疑端口就关闭,实在不太懂就cat /etc/services或googel
3)多注意连接数和系统性能,有时能从上面发现问题,多看看
vmstate。
4)建议多掌握netcat、hping2、nmap等安全工具,配合监测iptables的安全策略。
5)多注意自己
服务器的内核漏洞,毕竟现在的linux攻击都是内核级的;请至少保证内核为2.6.9以上(不含2.6.9)
6)多关注Michael
Rash大师的书,在安全方面他是权威;这世上,没上攻不破的服务器,但这并不意味着我们啥也不做。
7)密切关注防火墙日志/var/log
/messages,防火墙应配置一个默认的日志记录和丢弃规则,以使任何离群的数据包、端口扫描或其他没有明确允许的连接企图被记录并丢弃。
到
这里,构建整个LAMP的流程基本完程,以上过程在32/64位机子上均能通过。
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