PXE+DHCP+Kickstart

花了一个下午时间做好

服务器配置

一、配置系统镜像

　　　　vim /etc/fstab

添加　　　　/dev/hdc　　　　/mnt/cdrom　　　　iso9660　　　　ro,sync　　　　0　0

二、配置yum库

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-denbuginfo.repo

　　　　[rhel]

　　　　name=allen

　　　　baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server

　　　　enabled=1

　　　　gpgcheck=0

三、配置dhcp服务

1、yum install dhcpd* -y

2、cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf

3、vim  /etc/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
subnet 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

# --- default gateway
 option routers   192.168.3.100;
 option subnet-mask  255.255.255.0;

 option nis-domain  "example.com";
 option domain-name  "example.com";
 option domain-name-servers 192.168.3.100;

 option time-offset  -18000; # Eastern Standard Time
# option ntp-servers  192.168.3.100;
# option netbios-name-servers 192.168.3.100;
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless
# -- you understand Netbios very well
# option netbios-node-type 2;

 range  192.168.3.101 192.168.3.201;
 default-lease-time 21600;
 max-lease-time 43200;
 next-server 192.168.3.100;
 filename "/pxelinux.0";
 # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address
 host ns {
  next-server marvin.redhat.com;
  hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD;
  fixed-address 207.175.42.254;
 }
}

四、安装配置tftp服务

1、yum install tftp*  -y

2、vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

# default: off

# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \

#    protocol.   The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \

#    workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \

#    and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

service tftp

{

       socket_type              =   dgram

       protocol                 =   udp

       wait                     =   yes

       user                     =   root

       server                   =   /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

 

server_args              =   -s /tftpboot     #TFTP 共享路径

       disable                 =    no              #disable的直由yes变为no

       per_source              =    11

       cps                      =    100  2

       flags                    =    IPv4

}

 

五、拷贝linux启动数据到tftpboot文件夹下

1、cp -rv /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0  /tftpboot/
2、cp -rv /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/*   /tftpboot/
3、cp -rv /mnt/cdrom/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz  /tftpboot/
4、cp -rv /mnt/cdrom/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /tftpboot/
5、mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
6、cp  -rv /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

7、vim  /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

default linux
prompt 1
timeout 10
display boot.msg
F1 boot.msg
F2 options.msg
F3 general.msg
F4 param.msg
F5 rescue.msg
label linux
  kernel vmlinuz
  append ks=nfs:192.168.3.100:/pxeks/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img devfs=nomount ramdisk_size=16384
label text
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img text
label ks
  kernel vmlinuz
  append ks initrd=initrd.img
label local
  localboot 1
label memtest86
  kernel memtest
  append -

六、安装配置NFS服务

yum install nfs*

       建立nfs共享   vim /etc/exports

                     /pxeks       *(rw,sync)         # ks.cfg文件存放地方

                     /mnt/cdrom     *(ro,sync)      # 安装源存放地方

 

七、生成ks.cfg文件

yum install system0-config-kickstat -y

system-config-kickstat

配置好后保存到/pxeks/ks.cfg,并修改此文件

#platform=x86, AMD64, 鎴?Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use graphical install
graphical
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
key --skip
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Use NFS installation media
nfs --server=192.168.3.100 --dir=/mnt/cdrom
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$pTT26ohT$YBVyYFZMS1L4VeZppqNVC.

# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# System timezone
timezone  Asia/Chongqing
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# X Window System configuration information
xconfig  --defaultdesktop=GNOME --depth=24 --resolution=800x600 --startxonboot
# Disk partitioning information
part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --size=2000
part /boot --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=6000
part / --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --grow --size=1

%packages
@server-cfg
@base
@development-libs
@gnome-desktop
@admin-tools
@development-tools
@system-tools
@smb-server
@chinese-support
@text-internet
@sound-and-video
@editors
@graphics
@java
@games
@base-x
@graphical-internet
@office

 

　　　写在最后：

PXE+DHCP+Kickstart+NFS安装过程及原理

简单点就是：客户从网卡启动，服务器接到请求后，通过dhcp服务发送一个ip信息(dhcpd.conf里的数据)、同时通过tftp服务发送linux系统的启动数据包（tftpboot下的数据）给客户机，客记机得到启动数据后，读取default文件，并安照default文件里写的内容执行。default文件执行时，会调用ks.cfg。最后安照ks.cfg文件进行安装linux。

图解为：pxe-->ip+boot.ini--->dedault--->ks.cfg